Yiqing Su, Hailong Yu, Menglin Wang, Xinqi Li, Yanyan Li
{"title":"Why did China's cost-reduction-oriented policies in food safety governance fail? The collective action dilemma perspective","authors":"Yiqing Su, Hailong Yu, Menglin Wang, Xinqi Li, Yanyan Li","doi":"10.1111/cjag.12313","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cjag.12313","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Consumer participation plays an important role in improving food safety. Current research shows that reducing associated costs can promote consumer participation; however, the cost-reduction-oriented policies adopted by the Chinese government has had little impact on consumer participation. This study explores the reasons for the failure of the Chinese cost-reduction-oriented policies in food safety governance from the perspective of the collective action dilemma. Building upon previous work and using data from an online survey of 1229 consumers in China, we use a mediating effect model to examine the causal relationship between the low participation rate and the high participation cost. The results suggest that low consumer participation in food safety governance is due to free-riding built on the actions of others. The problem with the cost-reduction-oriented policies is that they addressed high participation costs, identified by this study as the consequence of non-participation, but paid little attention to the actual cause – free-riding. Our research sheds light on the collective action dilemma from a new perspective to understand consumer participation. Assessing the relationship between participation cost, free-riding, and the actual participation behavior in food safety governance could lead to a new line of theoretical and empirical inquiry for studying collective action in public affairs.</p>","PeriodicalId":55291,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics-Revue Canadienne D Agroeconomie","volume":"70 3","pages":"203-217"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74394142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A portion cap rule with two products: An experimental evaluation","authors":"José G. Nuño-Ledesma","doi":"10.1111/cjag.12308","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cjag.12308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Portion cap rules have been proposed to regulate the consumption of foods and ingredients deemed unhealthy. Challenging common intuition, previous theoretical work posits that, when the seller leverages bundling to price-discriminate, buyers are not necessarily affected and some may even benefit from a quantity restriction. I conduct an experiment designed to test this claim. In the laboratory, human subjects take the role of sellers and offer two products to automated buyers with private preferences. I manipulate the policy environment across treatments. The data largely corroborate the anticipated impacts on consumer surplus, speaking to their robustne ss. In particular, consumers with a low appreciation for the regulated good and a high valuation for the unrestricted item benefit from the cap rule.</p>","PeriodicalId":55291,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics-Revue Canadienne D Agroeconomie","volume":"70 2","pages":"123-137"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78959536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A survey of literature examining farmland prices: A Canadian focus","authors":"B. James Deaton, Chad Lawley","doi":"10.1111/cjag.12307","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cjag.12307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study assesses agricultural economics literature on farmland prices and key determinants of these prices. The first section of the paper uses a basic capitalization model to organize a review of the literature and data. We then provide a focused assessment of five streams of literature examining farmland prices: (1) boom-bust; (2) the capitalization effect of government agricultural subsidies on farmland prices; (3) agricultural zoning; (4) climate change; and (5) prohibitions against non-local buyers of farmland. Our review highlights challenges to ongoing efforts to model changing farmland prices, the modern emphasis on econometric identification, important variation in the magnitude of estimated relationships across the literature, and the opportunity to expand research in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":55291,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics-Revue Canadienne D Agroeconomie","volume":"70 2","pages":"95-121"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cjag.12307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75181126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Handling the discontinuity in futures prices when time series modeling of commodity cash and futures prices","authors":"Joshua G. Maples, B. Wade Brorsen","doi":"10.1111/cjag.12306","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cjag.12306","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Futures prices are discontinuous, with each future price series ending at maturity. Differencing before splicing can create a continuous future return series, but still leaves price levels with discrete jumps. When comparing cash and futures prices, there is a need to either make the futures more like the cash price by adding back the changes at rollover or removing the nonstationarity and seasonality from cash prices. In the specific situation of only testing market efficiency of futures prices, we propose using panel unit root tests. Our empirical examples using weekly prices show the null hypothesis of a unit root is not rejected in most cases regardless of the test used.</p>","PeriodicalId":55291,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics-Revue Canadienne D Agroeconomie","volume":"70 2","pages":"139-152"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87828675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reforming Canada's dairy supply management scheme and the consequences for international trade","authors":"Brennan A. McLachlan, G. Cornelis van Kooten","doi":"10.1111/cjag.12305","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cjag.12305","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following Carter and Mérel (2016), we explore the export benefits of reforming supply management (SM) in Canada's dairy sector. A trade model with ten regions and five dairy product categories is developed and used to examine the potential benefits of opening international markets to Canadian dairy products. In addition to a baseline, three scenarios are compared—one with SM in place but with Canada able to export freely. Two other scenarios assume SM is eliminated and there is complete free trade, but with high- and low-cost structures. Findings indicate that, in the high-cost scenario, domestic consumers gain from lower prices as the domestic supply and exports fall compared to the status quo, but producers are less well off. However, under a low domestic cost structure, Canada becomes a major exporter of milk, with both producers and consumers gaining from free trade. This scenario assumes that domestic producers take advantage of economies of scale, enabling them to compete in international markets. Appropriate policies will be required to reform the quota regime, while minimizing the harm done to dairy farmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":55291,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics-Revue Canadienne D Agroeconomie","volume":"70 1","pages":"21-39"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90821660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Six decades of environmental resource valuation in Canada: A synthesis of the literature","authors":"James Macaskill, Patrick Lloyd-Smith","doi":"10.1111/cjag.12304","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cjag.12304","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper synthesizes Canada's environmental valuation literature over the last six decades. Focusing on primary valuation benefit estimates, we link multiple research outputs from the same data collection effort to obtain an accurate measure of unique studies. We identify a total of 269 unique valuation studies conducted in Canada between 1964 and 2019. The number of valuation studies conducted per year has not increased since 1975 and the median data collection year is 1996. Stated preference (SP) methods are the most popular valuation approaches being used in more than 50% of studies and this share has increased to over 80% within the last decade. We discuss numerous gaps in our knowledge for certain environmental resources and regions, in particular Canada's three Northern territories. The paper provides information on the state of environmental valuation research in Canada and identifies future research needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":55291,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics-Revue Canadienne D Agroeconomie","volume":"70 1","pages":"73-89"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78872154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the economics of meat processing, livestock queuing, and worker safety","authors":"Bruno Larue","doi":"10.1111/cjag.12303","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cjag.12303","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Meat processing plants use inputs in fixed proportions, but these proportions vary with plant size. Shocks to the supply of labor and livestock induce allocative inefficiency, output reductions, and higher unit costs of production. Both labor conflicts and the pandemic caused long labor shortages resulting in unused capacity and large livestock queues. Industry concentration and vertical integration can mitigate some of these problems by internalizing queuing costs and by reallocating workers across plants. Daily shocks make plants operate with either too many workers or too many live animals. Larger plants choose to be labor-constrained more frequently, creating a trade-off between wages and safety for workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":55291,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics-Revue Canadienne D Agroeconomie","volume":"70 1","pages":"63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86365525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Grassland easement evaluation and acquisition with uncertain conversion and conservation returns","authors":"Ruiqing Miao, David A. Hennessy, Hongli Feng","doi":"10.1111/cjag.12302","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cjag.12302","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We develop an analytical framework to examine an agency's optimal grassland easement acquisition while accounting for landowners’ optimal decisions under uncertainty in both conversion and conservation returns. We derive the value of “wait and see” (i.e., neither convert nor ease grassland) for landowners and find that grassland-to-cropland conversion probability and easement value vary in opposing directions when “wait and see” is preferred, indicating that a larger conversion probability does not necessarily imply a higher easement value. Our analysis shows that when conservation funds can be flexibly allocated across periods then the agency's optimal acquisition can be readily achieved by sorting land tracts according to their owners’ optimal choices. When funds cannot be flexibly allocated across periods, we examine both a rational agency's and a myopic agency's decision problems. An acquisition index is developed to facilitate optimal easement acquisition.</p>","PeriodicalId":55291,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics-Revue Canadienne D Agroeconomie","volume":"70 1","pages":"41-61"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72976014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatially explicit modeling of wetland conservation costs in Canadian agricultural landscapes","authors":"Eric Asare, Lloyd-Smith Patrick, Belcher Kenneth","doi":"10.1111/cjag.12301","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cjag.12301","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agriculture is an important source of food, employment, and tax revenue to society. However, agricultural expansion is an important driver of global natural ecosystem degradation, including wetlands. Economic theory shows that wetland loss is caused by a mismatch between the private wetland conservation costs borne by landowners and the public benefits generated. We develop a spatially explicit wetland management model to estimate the private economic benefit of wetland drainage in an agricultural landscape in Alberta, Canada. We estimate a full wetland supply curve and show that the private economic benefits of wetland drainage are highly heterogeneous within a watershed. We then combine these private costs of wetland conservation with non-monetary measures of public ecosystem benefits to assess four wetland conservation policy targeting scenarios. We find a positive correlation between the opportunity cost of wetland conservation on private landowners and the amount of environmental benefits wetlands offer, suggesting that conserving the wetlands that impose the lowest opportunity cost may not be optimal targets for wetland conservation policy. We contribute to wetland conservation economics by demonstrating that targeted wetland conservation policies can be more effective than a uniform conservation policy that assumes wetlands within agricultural landscapes have the same costs and benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":55291,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics-Revue Canadienne D Agroeconomie","volume":"70 1","pages":"5-19"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91301218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quality forecasts: Predicting when and how much markets value higher-protein wheat","authors":"Anton Bekkerman","doi":"10.1111/cjag.12300","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cjag.12300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wheat markets stand out among other major crop commodity markets because pricing at the first point of exchange—typically a grain handling facility—is differentiated on specific quality characteristics. Moreover, the premiums and discounts that elevators offer to obtain grain of specific quality can be significant. The relative importance of quality premiums and discounts to farm-level production and marketing decisions demonstrate a need to quantitatively measure and explain factors that affect elevators' wheat-quality pricing decisions. This study develops an informed expectation model of elevators' quality-based pricing strategies and empirically estimates the model from a lengthy dataset of weekly price observations. I find empirical evidence that elevators use linear pricing schedules, but more aggressively discount wheat with protein levels lower than a baseline than reward higher-protein wheat. The results also indicate that weather characteristics, futures contract price indicators, and USDA Crop Progress reports are contributors to predicting the new crop protein premiums and discounts, and that out-of-sample accuracy for predicting how grain elevators will value wheat protein ranges between 70% and 80%.</p>","PeriodicalId":55291,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics-Revue Canadienne D Agroeconomie","volume":"69 4","pages":"465-490"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79240174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}