Cognitive Systems Research最新文献

{"title":"SimplifEx: Simplifying and Explaining Linear Programs","authors":"Claire Ott,&nbsp;Frank Jäkel","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Linear Programming is one of the most common methods for finding optimal solutions to complex problems. Despite its extensive use, solutions are not usually accompanied by explanations, especially explanations for non-experts. Our new tool SimplifEx combines well-known preprocessing techniques with cognitively adequate heuristics to simplify a given linear program, structure its variables, and explain the optimal solution that was found. SimplifEx is meant to improve intuitive understanding of linear programs. In addition, we introduce a generalization of the classical dominance relation in Linear Programming. The order of dominant and dominated variables in an optimal solution can give valuable insights into the structure of a problem and fits well with how humans approach linear programs. The resulting, automatically generated explanations include detailed step-wise listings of processing steps and graphs that provide an overview. The heuristics are based on historical and experimental observations of people solving linear programs by hand. We apply SimplifEx to Stigler’s diet problem as a running example.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting risk management through cyberspace: An adaptive network model simulating AI coach effects by inducing adherence to guidelines in neonatal medical protocols","authors":"Raghav Chawla ,&nbsp;Fakhra Jabeen ,&nbsp;Jan Treur ,&nbsp;H. Rob Taal ,&nbsp;Peter H.M.P. Roelofsma","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, it is shown how second-order adaptive agent-based network models can be used to support a medical team in healthcare institutions to adhere to specific Neonatal Hypoglycemia and Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia treatment guidelines through the integration of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) Virtual Coach. The proposed AI Coach is designed to provide timely interventions and correct deviations when lapses in the health care practitioner’s internal mental model occur. Through simulating three different scenarios, the internal dynamics of these mental models, adaptive changes of these mental models (learning and forgetting), and the interaction between health care practitioners and the world is shown when: (1) There is perfect adherence to guidelines, (2) There is imperfect adherence to guidelines and (3) There is both perfect and imperfect adherence to guidelines alongside interventions of the AI Coach in the latter case.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deconstructing emotions in self-control through computational modeling","authors":"Andriani Nikodemou,&nbsp;Chris Christodoulou","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Positive and negative emotions have a determining role in self-control, a vital aspect of human decision-making, defined as the dilemma between a smaller sooner reward and a larger later reward. Self-control, as an internal conflict between the higher (pre-frontal cortex) and the lower (limbic system) parts of the brain, has already been simulated using the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma game with learning in a computational model. However, the concept of emotions, defined as states elicited by positive and negative reinforcers, is absent from the existing self-control model. By increasing and decreasing the values of the reinforcement signals in the Prisoner’s Dilemma payoff matrix in-between the rounds, we simulated the increment or decrement of positive or negative emotions’ intensity and thus the effects of the presence of emotions, rather than the emotions per se. Our results reflect the restorative role of positive emotions on self-control, the necessity of negative emotions for successful self-control and the impairment of self-control due to intense negative emotions. Furthermore, our results reveal the importance of parameters in self-regulation, such as the intensity of emotions and the frequency it changes. In conclusion, we incorporated the effect of emotions in a computational model of self-control, and with our results complying with cognitive science literature, we demonstrated the cognitive adequacy of our model. We anticipate in this way to provide novel approaches for comprehending self-control behaviour, and to contribute to the general attempt of modeling human behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromodulatory developmental learning of the mobile robots corresponding to the unexpected obstacles","authors":"Hongyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Dongshu Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the gradual expansion of robot applications, the operating environment is becoming more and more complex, and various uncertainty may be encountered. Investigating how to efficiently respond to various uncertainty in the environment has become an important challenge in the field of robotics research. For the autonomous obstacle avoidance of mobile robots in case of sudden appeared obstacles, a dynamic obstacle avoidance algorithm with a motivated developmental network that simulates the visual attention mechanism is proposed. Simulating the response mechanism of biological vision, a depth camera is used to achieve the detection and recognition of obstacles. To enhance the behavioral regulation of mobile robots, the response mechanism of the human brain attention network is simulated, and an attention model containing the ventral attention network and dorsal attention network is proposed, then a motivated developmental network is designed to simulate this attention mechanism. Furthermore, the working mechanism of the neuromodulation system is simulated to better regulate the robot’s motion and improve its ability to quickly respond to dynamic obstacles suddenly appeared in the environment. A new collision risk is designed by considering the influence of the obstacle’s speed, direction, and distance to the mobile robot. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified by the experimental results in different physical environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Context-dependent communication under environmental constraints","authors":"Krzysztof Główka,&nbsp;Julian Zubek,&nbsp;Joanna Rączaszek-Leonardi","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is significant evidence that real-world communication cannot be reduced to sending signals with context-independent meaning. In this work, based on a variant of the classical Lewis (1969) signalling model, we explore the conditions for the emergence of context-dependent communication in an agent-based situated model. In particular, we demonstrate that pressure to minimise the vocabulary size is sufficient for such emergence. At the same time, we study the environmental conditions and cognitive capabilities that enable contextual disambiguation of symbol meanings. We show that (a) regularities in the context are not necessary for context-dependent communication and that (b) environmental constraints on the receiver’s referent choice can be unilaterally exploited by the sender, without disambiguation capabilities on the receiver’s end. Consistent with common assumptions, the sender’s awareness of the context appears to be required for contextual communication. Our results further demonstrate the crucial role of the environment in the seemingly multilayered phenomenon of context-dependent communication — where language is influenced not only by the distribution of objects in the context, as indicated by previous studies, but also by the very presence of environmental constraints on referent choice. The computational model developed in this work is a demonstration of how signals may be ambiguous out of context, but still allow for near-perfect communication accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing cognitive abilities through the POE teaching strategy in a virtual learning environment","authors":"Ancheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Gaofeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the introduction of information technology into education, the educational environment has undergone qualitative changes, that is, from a real learning environment to a digital learning environment. In a virtual learning environment (VLE), learners not only perceive themselves in new ways but also construct themselves in new ways. However, the POE (Prediction-Observation-Explanation) teaching strategy includes prediction, observation, and explanation. At the entry point of the learning strategy, the effective interaction between teachers and students can promote the development of cognitive ability. Therefore, this paper analyzed the perceptual entropy and matching degree through the radar target tracking algorithm, aiming at analyzing the current situation of the classroom and the advantages of POE teaching strategies. The findings of the study indicate that the POE teaching strategy greatly enhances students’ cognitive ability by teaching through prediction, observation, and interpretation. The research offers a novel contribution to the field of POE teaching strategy under a virtual cultural learning environment by expanding the comprehensive benefits of its students’ cognitive ability cultivation, exploring its impact on students’ academic performance, and offering practical recommendations for its implementation in the learning environment. The research demonstrates that POE strategies have positive effects on students’ academic performance and attitudes toward physics. Under the radar target tracking algorithm, the model matching degree and simplified entropy of the POE teaching strategy were both increasing. The mean of the model fit was 0.61, which was 0.40 higher than that of the first day, and the mean of the simplified entropy was 0.38, which was 0.12 higher than that of the first day. Finally, the cognitive ability and cognitive regulation ability of students under the POE teaching strategy were higher than those of the traditional teaching strategy. Compared with the traditional teaching strategy, cognitive ability was 9% higher, and cognitive regulation ability was 6% higher.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable logical-probabilistic approximation of neural networks","authors":"Evgenii Vityaev ,&nbsp;Alexey Korolev","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper proposes the approximation of DNNs by replacing each neuron by the corresponding logical-probabilistic neuron. Logical-probabilistic neurons learn their behavior based on the responses of initial neurons on incoming signals and discover all logical-probabilistic causal relationships between the input and output. These logical-probabilistic causal relationships are, in a certain sense, most precise – it was proved in the previous works that they are theoretically (when probability is known) can predict without contradictions. The resulting logical-probabilistic neurons are interconnected by the same connections as the initial neurons after replacing their signals on true/false. The resulting logical-probabilistic neural network produces its own predictions that approximate the predictions of the original DNN. Thus, we obtain an interpretable approximation of DNN, which also allows tracing of DNN by tracing its excitations through the causal relationships. This approximation of DNN is a Distillation method such as Model Translation, which train alternative smaller interpretable models that mimics the total input/output behavior of DNN. It is also locally interpretable and explains every particular prediction. It explains the sequences of logical probabilistic causal relationships that infer that prediction and also show all features that took part in this prediction with the statistical estimation of their significance. Experimental results on approximation accuracy of all intermedia neurons, output neurons and softmax output of DNN are presented, as well as the accuracy of obtained logical-probabilistic neural network. From the practical point of view, interpretable transformation of neural networks is very important for the hybrid artificial intelligent systems, where neural networks are integrated with the symbolic methods of AI. As a practical application we consider smart city.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Turing Test: Assessing machine consciousness simulations","authors":"Ge Wang,&nbsp;Xianhong Li,&nbsp;Shenghua Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have brought discussions on machine consciousness back to the forefront. However, methodologies for assessing machine consciousness simulations remain highly constrained and lack consensus. This study introduces the Bilateral Turing Test, a thought experiment to assess machine consciousness simulations based on a functionalist perspective, focusing on external behavior and cognitive characteristics associated with consciousness. The test involves both machines and humans participating as judges in an enhanced Turing Test, and compares the external behavior of machine-simulated consciousness with the behavior of human consciousness. We derive the experimental principles via three theoretical propositions reflecting the human–machine cognitive relationship and elucidate the basic conditions and procedures of the thought experiment. A systematic measure is employed to evaluate emulation against human benchmarks, and we establish a statistical threshold for successful consciousness simulations. Our study provides a comprehensive framework for redefining machine consciousness simulations and enhancing interdisciplinary conversations across computer science, neuroscience, and philosophy. This framework also advances bottom-up approaches for assessing machine consciousness simulations and provides pivotal insights into human–machine interaction dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An adaptive dynamical system model for development of schizophrenia: Epigenetics and false memories","authors":"Ilma Jaganjac ,&nbsp;Sophie C.F. Hendrikse ,&nbsp;Jan Treur","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a fifth-order adaptive dynamical system model represented as a self-modelling network model to understand the role of epigenetic factors in developing schizophrenia, particularly about the occurrence of false memories. Schizophrenia, affecting a significant portion of the global population, presents complex challenges due to its symptoms across cognitive, emotional, and social domains. Central to this paper is the exploration of epigenetic influences on the development of schizophrenia, with a focus on how these epigenetic factors contribute to the generation of false memories, a notable symptom of the disorder. The model assumes that early adverse experiences significantly affect hippocampal development, which is crucial for memory processes. By employing a fifth-order adaptive dynamical system model represented as a self-modelling network, this paper examines the intricate dynamics between genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and epigenetic modifications in schizophrenia. The model’s sophistication allows for a nuanced understanding of the gene-environment interactions, particularly highlighting the role of early-life trauma in shaping lifelong cognitive outcomes. This approach offers a comprehensive framework for analyzing the multifaceted nature of schizophrenia, contributing to a deeper understanding of its etiology and progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of semantic inconsistencies of motor actions: From language to praxis","authors":"Rubén Torres Agustín ,&nbsp;Zareth Bonilla González ,&nbsp;Mario A. Rodríguez Camacho ,&nbsp;Sebastián Almonte ,&nbsp;Wendy Fabiola Lara Galindo ,&nbsp;Francisco Abelardo Robles Aguirre","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semantics of actions includes three types of knowledge: a) of the function of objects and tools, b) of the actions independently of the tools, and c) of the organization of simple actions in sequences. These types of knowledge might be structured as thematic roles into the semantics of actions. To test these hypothesis, 125 illustrations, divided into five conditions: i) Congruent (C), ii) Agent Inconsistent (AI), iii) Instrument Inconsistent (II), iv) Patient Inconsistent (PI), and v) Location Inconsistent (LI), were presented to 23 volunteers (50 % women), aged 20–25, who were asked to respond whether the image was congruent or incongruent. Electrical brain activity was recorded through 20 channels to obtain the event-related potentials (ERP) associated. Lower reaction times for II and PI than C, and a greater number of incorrect trials for C were found. A N300/N400 effect appeared for AI and LI conditions with respect to C. Finally, II and LI conditions present a deflected P600 in reference to C. These findings suggest semantic of actions is sensitive to thematic role manipulations and constitute evidence in favor of a semantic processing shared between visually observed praxis and words.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 101292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}