Current Allergy and Asthma Reports最新文献

{"title":"Alpha-Tryptase as a Risk-Modifying Factor for Mast Cell-Mediated Reactions.","authors":"Hannah Shin, Jonathan J Lyons","doi":"10.1007/s11882-024-01136-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-024-01136-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To provide an overview on the current understanding of genetic variability in human tryptases and summarize the literature demonstrating the differential impact of mature tryptases on mast cell-mediated reactions and associated clinical phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>It is becoming increasingly recognized that tryptase gene composition, and in particular the common genetic trait hereditary alpha-tryptasemia (HαT), impacts clinical allergy. HαT has consistently been associated with clonal mast cell disorders (MCD) and has also been associated with more frequent anaphylaxis among these patients, and patients in whom no allergic trigger can be found, specifically idiopathic anaphylaxis. Additionally, more severe anaphylaxis among Hymenoptera venom allergy patients has been linked to HαT in both retrospective and prospective studies. An increased relative number of α-tryptase-encoding gene copies, even in the absence of HαT, has also been associated with systemic mastocytosis and has been shown to positively correlate with the severity of mast cell-mediated reactions to vibration and food. These findings may be due to increased generation of α/β-tryptase heterotetramers and differences in their enzymatic activity relative to β-tryptase homotetramers. HαT is a naturally occurring overexpression model of α-tryptase in humans. Increased relative α-tryptase expression modifies immediate hypersensitivity symptoms and is associated with more frequent and severe mast cell-mediated reactions, ostensibly due to increased α/β-tryptase heterotetramer production.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"199-209"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140068963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type 2 and Non-type 2 Inflammation in the Upper Airways: Cellular and Molecular Alterations in Olfactory Neuroepithelium Cell Populations.","authors":"Concepció Marin, Isam Alobid, Mauricio López-Chacón, Camilo R VanStrahlen, Joaquim Mullol","doi":"10.1007/s11882-024-01137-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-024-01137-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Neurogenesis occurring in the olfactory epithelium is critical to continuously replace olfactory neurons to maintain olfactory function, but is impaired during chronic type 2 and non-type 2 inflammation of the upper airways. In this review, we describe the neurobiology of olfaction and the olfactory alterations in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (type 2 inflammation) and post-viral acute rhinosinusitis (non-type 2 inflammation), highlighting the role of immune response attenuating olfactory neurogenesis as a possibly mechanism for the loss of smell in these diseases.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Several studies have provided relevant insights into the role of basal stem cells as direct participants in the progression of chronic inflammation identifying a functional switch away from a neuro-regenerative phenotype to one contributing to immune defense, a process that induces a deficient replacement of olfactory neurons. The interaction between olfactory stem cells and immune system might critically underlie ongoing loss of smell in type 2 and non-type 2 inflammatory upper airway diseases. In this review, we describe the neurobiology of olfaction and the olfactory alterations in type 2 and non-type 2 inflammatory upper airway diseases, highlighting the role of immune response attenuating olfactory neurogenesis, as a possibly mechanism for the lack of loss of smell recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"211-219"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11008081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140141119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Future of Food Allergy Management: Advancements in Therapies.","authors":"Idil D Ezhuthachan, Michele Beaudoin, Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn, Brian P Vickery","doi":"10.1007/s11882-024-01133-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-024-01133-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To review current and future treatment options for IgE-mediated food allergy.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent years have seen major developments in both allergen-specific and allergen-non-specific treatment options, with the first FDA-approved peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) product becoming available in 2020. In addition to OIT, other immunotherapy modalities, biologics, adjunct therapies, and novel therapeutics are under investigation. Food allergy is a potentially life-threatening condition associated with a significant psychosocial impact. Numerous products and protocols are under investigation, with most studies focusing on OIT. A high rate of adverse events, need for frequent office visits, and cost remain challenges with OIT. Further work is needed to unify outcome measures, develop treatment protocols that minimize adverse events, establish demographic and clinical factors that influence candidate selection, and identify patient priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"161-171"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Insights into the Environmental Determinants of Childhood Asthma","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11882-024-01140-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-024-01140-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Purpose of Review</h3> <p>Ubiquitous environmental exposures, including ambient air pollutants, are linked to the development and severity of childhood asthma. Advances in our understanding of these links have increasingly led to clinical interventions to reduce asthma morbidity.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Recent Findings</h3> <p>We review recent work untangling the complex relationship between air pollutants, including particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone and asthma, such as vulnerable windows of pediatric exposure and their interaction with other factors influencing asthma development and severity. These have led to interventions to reduce air pollutant levels in children’s homes and schools. We also highlight emerging environmental exposures increasingly associated with childhood asthma. Growing evidence supports the present threat of climate change to children with asthma.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Summary</h3> <p>Environmental factors play a large role in the pathogenesis and persistence of pediatric asthma; in turn, this poses an opportunity to intervene to change the course of disease early in life.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary Decision-Making-ITAlian Consensus After Two Years of Real Practice on the Management of Severe Uncontrolled CRSwNP by Biologics (ITACA Study).","authors":"Eugenio De Corso, Carlotta Pipolo, Marco Caminati, Elena Cantone, Veronica Seccia, Lorenzo Cecchi, Eustachio Nettis, Massimiliano Garzaro, Giancarlo Ottaviano, Matteo Gelardi, Carlo Cavaliere, Enrico Heffler, Fabio Pagella, Ernesto Pasquini, Matteo Trimarchi, Stefania Gallo, Ignazio La Mantia, Sara Torretta, Davide Mattavelli, Cristiano Caruso, Andrea Matucci, Alessandra Vultaggio, Gianluca Bellocchi, Matteo Alicandri Ciufelli, Passali Fm, Gianenrico Senna","doi":"10.1007/s11882-024-01135-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-024-01135-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We aimed to reach an Italian multidisciplinary consensus on some crucial aspects of treatment decision making in CRSwNP, following 2 years of clinical experience in order to support specialists in the management of CRSwNP in clinical practice. We addressed issues relating to therapeutic decision-making and shared criteria for the treatment choice, as well as appropriate timing and criteria for evaluating treatment response, and highlighted the need for repeated multidisciplinary assessments.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>A national survey has been conducted recently to understand how rhinology practice has changed in Italy with the advent of biologics and how this affects patients with uncontrolled, severe CRSwNP. Despite the many published consensus documents, practical recommendations, and protocols on the use of biologics in CRSwNP, heterogenous behaviors in practice are still observed mainly conditioned by the novelty of the topic. The consensus procedure followed a modified Delphi approach. The scientific board included 18 otorhinolaryngologists and 8 allergists, who selected the 4 main topics to be addressed and developed overall 20 statements. Consensus on these statements was sought by a larger group of 48 additional experts, through two rounds of voting, the first web-based, the second in presence with discussion and possible refinement of the statements. The statements reaching an average score ≥ 7 at the second voting round were approved. Five statements were proposed for each of the following topics: baseline evaluation of patients eligible for biologic therapy; choice between different therapeutic options; assessment of the response to biologic treatment; multidisciplinary management. At the first voting round, 19 out of the 20 statements reached a mean score ≥ 7. Following the discussion and a few consequent amendments, at the second round of voting all the 20 statements were approved.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"143-154"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140112267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Natural History and Risk Factors for the Development of Food Allergies in Children and Adults.","authors":"Eric C K Lee, Brit Trogen, Kathryn Brady, Lara S Ford, Julie Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11882-024-01131-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-024-01131-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This narrative review explores food allergy prevalence and natural history stratified by life stages, especially in context of evolving knowledge over the last few decades.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The prevalence of food allergy remains highest in early childhood with common food triggers being cow's milk, soy, hen's egg, wheat, peanut, tree nuts, sesame, fish, and shellfish. This correlates with certain risk factors especially pertinent in the postnatal period which appear to predispose an individual to developing a food allergy. Some allergies (such as milk and egg) were previously thought to be easily outgrown in early life; however, recent studies suggest increasing rates of persistence of these allergies into young adulthood; the reason behind this is unknown. Despite this, there is also evidence demonstrating that food allergies can be outgrown in adolescents and adults. An understanding of the paradigm shifts in the natural history of food allergy allows clinicians to provide updated, age-appropriate, and tailored advice for patients on the management and prognosis of food allergy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"121-131"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10960768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139984618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and the Growing Epidemic of Food Allergy in Children and Adults Across the Globe.","authors":"Christopher M Warren, Shruti Sehgal, Scott H Sicherer, Ruchi S Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s11882-023-01120-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-023-01120-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Food allergies are immune-mediated, complex disorders, which are the source of increasing health concern worldwide. The goal of this review is to present an updated summary of the food allergy (FA) burden among children and adults across different populations, focusing on research from the past 5 years.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>FAs impact a growing number of global residents-particularly those residing in higher-income, industrialized regions. Moreover, growing epidemiologic evidence suggests that the population health burden of non-IgE-mediated FAs, such as food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, may also be higher than previously reported. FA is a complex trait that impacts infants, children, as well as adults across the globe. The population health burden of both IgE- and non-IgE-mediated FAs is likely to grow in the absence of rapid advances and widespread implementation of effective FA prevention and treatment interventions. Systematic epidemiological research initiatives are needed, both nationally and globally, to better understand and reduce the burden of these allergic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"95-106"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139426128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial Impact of Food Allergy on Children and Adults and Practical Interventions.","authors":"Theresa A Bingemann, Jennifer LeBovidge, Lisa Bartnikas, Jennifer L P Protudjer, Linda J Herbert","doi":"10.1007/s11882-023-01121-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-023-01121-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>IgE- and non-IgE-mediated food allergies are increasing in prevalence in children and adults worldwide. A food allergy diagnosis can be associated with a sense of overwhelm and stress and commonly has a negative impact on quality of life.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>While there is an increased recognition of the psychosocial effects of food allergy, the current research reflects the experience of mostly White, well-educated wealthier populations. Some studies have now explored the psychosocial impact among other populations; however, further study is needed. It is important that physicians and allied health professionals screen for the potentially negative psychosocial effects of food allergy and provide education to promote safety and self-efficacy at each visit; however, time may be a limiting factor. Numerous validated questionnaires are now available to help assess the psychosocial impact of food allergies. Allergy-friendly foods are typically more expensive, and thus, it is imperative that physicians screen for food insecurity as well. Educational resources should be offered regarding living well with food allergies at each visit. For patients and families experiencing anxiety or food allergy burden that is difficult to manage, referral to a mental health provider should be considered. Resources regarding programs to help accessing safe foods should also be available. Further research is needed among diverse populations focusing on interventions to best support patients and families with food allergy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"107-119"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11340266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139522328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precautionary Allergen Labeling: Avoidance for All?","authors":"Allison Schaible, Jamie Kabourek, Wendy Elverson, Carina Venter, Amanda Cox, Marion Groetch","doi":"10.1007/s11882-024-01129-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11882-024-01129-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Precautionary allergen labeling (PAL) suggests the risk of unintended allergen presence (UAP) in food but is unregulated in most countries and inconsistently applied by food manufacturers. This review evaluates the current use of PAL, its relevance to allergic consumers, and weighs possible advantages and disadvantages of avoiding products with PAL.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In most countries, manufacturers are free to decide whether, when, and how to apply PAL resulting in inconsistencies and consumer confusion. Patients with food allergy often interpret PAL incorrectly and without guidance from their health care providers. Health care providers are also prone to misinterpreting PAL, indicating a need for better education. Consumers desire guidance on whether to avoid products with PAL or not. Until further regulatory guidance is available, shared decision-making between patient and provider is required to offer individualized, rather than one-size-fits-all, approaches to PAL.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":" ","pages":"81-94"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139547427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversible Elevation of Tryptase Over the Individual's Baseline: Why is It the Best Biomarker for Severe Systemic Mast Cell Activation and MCAS?","authors":"Peter Valent, Cem Akin, Michel Arock","doi":"10.1007/s11882-024-01124-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-024-01124-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>Mast cell (MC) activation syndromes (MCAS) are conditions defined by recurrent episodes of severe systemic anaphylaxis or similar systemic events triggered by MC-derived mediators that can be measured in biological fluids. Since some symptoms of MC activation may occur due to other, non-MC etiologies and lead to confusion over diagnosis, it is of crucial importance to document the involvement of MC and their products in the patients´ symptomatology.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>The most specific and generally accepted marker of severe systemic MC activation is an event-related, transient increase in the serum tryptase level over the individual baseline of the affected individual. However, baseline concentrations of serum tryptase vary among donors, depending on the genetic background, age, kidney function, and underlying disease. As a result, it is of critical importance to provide a flexible equation that defines the diagnostic increase in tryptase qualifying as MCAS criterion in all patients, all situations, and all ranges of baseline serum tryptase. In 2012, the consensus group proposed the 120% + 2 ng/ml formula, which covers the great majority of groups, including cases with low, normal, or elevated basal serum tryptase level.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>This formula has been validated in subsequent studies and has proven to be a robust and consistent diagnostic criterion of MCAS. The present article is discussing the impact of this formula and possible limitations as well as alternative markers and mediators that may be indicative of MCAS.</p>","PeriodicalId":55198,"journal":{"name":"Current Allergy and Asthma Reports","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}