Ecohydrology最新文献

{"title":"Ecohydrological Conditions in Urban Wells and Patterns of Invertebrate Fauna Distribution (Kraków, Poland)","authors":"Elzbieta Dumnicka,&nbsp;Joanna Galas,&nbsp;Mariola Krodkiewska,&nbsp;Agnieszka Pociecha,&nbsp;Mirosław Żelazny,&nbsp;Anna Biernacka,&nbsp;Łukasz Jelonkiewicz","doi":"10.1002/eco.2757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2757","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Groundwaters are threatened by various kinds of contaminants, especially in cities. The results of an ecohydrological analysis (hydrobiological, chemical and geological) conducted in 91 urban wells in Kraków showed their effect on fauna composition and abundance. In 74 wells, the presence of invertebrates, chiefly characteristic for surface water, as well as Collembola was stated. Copepoda were found in 40 wells, whereas Nematoda, Annelida and Diptera larvae were found at over a dozen sites. Microturbellaria, Rotifera, Ostracoda and Amphipoda were present in only a few wells. The aim of this article was to find the patterns of invertebrates' distribution in the wells to further understanding of their relationships with groundwater chemistry and the geological background. This is especially important in light of the anthropogenic pollution occurring in wells and the desired attainment of the good ecological status of groundwater. According to Student's <i>t</i>-test, the presence of fauna did not depend on the studied environmental factors, whereas Pearson correlations showed that total fauna abundance and Copepoda occurrence positively correlated with water temperature which was higher in the city in comparison to that in rural wells. The value of the Shannon–Wiener index and the number of taxa negatively correlated with the well's depth. High variations of water chemical parameters caused by mixed lithology and hydrogeology as well as spotty contamination may affect the occurrence of fauna.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143114579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment In Depth on the Anti-seasonal Water Fluctuations and Vegetation Dynamic Trends in a Plateau Lake, Southern China","authors":"Mengmeng Jiang,&nbsp;Qing Zhao,&nbsp;Yuan Feng,&nbsp;Tingting Li,&nbsp;Ying Shao,&nbsp;Bo Fang,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Esraa E. Ammar,&nbsp;Zhongli Chen,&nbsp;Ningyun Li,&nbsp;Andreas Schäffer","doi":"10.1002/eco.2758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2758","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human activities, such as dam construction for flow regulation, modify the natural hydrological regimes of lakes and rivers. The altered flow regimes substantially influence plant growth in the water level fluctuation zone, impacting both vegetation patterns and success. The relationships among above-ground vegetation, soil seed bank and soil microorganisms remain unexamined. This study was performed in Lashi Lake, a plateau lake in southern China characterized by anti-seasonal water level fluctuations, and Jizi Reservoir, a reference site exhibiting natural seasonal water level variations. The primary aim was to assess the distribution pattern of plant, soil seed bank and their corresponding soil microorganism over the three flood gradients, and the relationships among them were analysed simultaneously. The findings indicated that both plant community variety and seed bank diminished as the area of soil flooding increased. The soil seed bank was a strong indication of community diversity, particularly throughout late spring and late summer. Additionally, significant correlations between the alpha diversity of soil microorganisms and the concentrations of soil carbon, nitrogen and moisture were found across the flooding gradients. The organization and diversity of soil microbial communities were significantly correlated with the alpha diversity of the plant community and the soil seed bank. The findings demonstrate that both seed banks and soil bacteria play a dynamic role in the restoration of vegetation in areas experiencing anti-seasonal water fluctuations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Pathogenic Fungi on Leaf Surface Wettability: A Case Study of Erysiphe castaneigena","authors":"Shin-Taro Saiki,&nbsp;Anna Ilek,&nbsp;Yuho Ando,&nbsp;Norio Sahashi,&nbsp;Kazuki Nanko","doi":"10.1002/eco.2755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2755","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leaf surface wettability significantly influences rainfall interception and the overall water balance within forest ecosystems. However, the effects of biological factors, particularly fungi, on this critical property have not been extensively documented. In this study, we assessed the impact of <i>Erysiphe castaneigena</i>, a powdery mildew fungus, on the wettability of leaves from Japanese chestnut trees. We compared the wettability of infected and uninfected leaves by measuring the contact angles of water droplets on their surfaces. Our analysis revealed that leaves infected with the powdery mildew fungus displayed significantly higher hydrophobicity compared with uninfected leaves. This increased hydrophobicity correlated with the densification of the mycelium as the fungal coverage of the leaf surface expanded. These findings emphasize the substantial influence of phyllosphere microorganisms such as powdery mildew fungi on leaf wettability. Our results also enhance our understanding of the ecohydrological implications of microbial interactions on leaf surfaces, highlighting the need for further research into how these processes impact broader ecological and hydrological systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Dynamics of the Flowing Drainage Network and Water Chemistry for Four Headwater Catchments","authors":"Izabela Bujak-Ozga,&nbsp;Jana von Freyberg,&nbsp;Andrea Rinaldo,&nbsp;Ilja van Meerveld","doi":"10.1002/eco.2734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2734","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The re-emergence of water in dry stream reaches affects streamwater chemistry due to the flushing of sediment and nutrients from previously dry channels and the increased connectivity between hillslopes and streams. Although these processes have been studied at the reach scale, field data on stream network dynamics and hydrochemistry at the catchment scale are rare. We studied the temporal changes in the flowing drainage network (FDN) and hydrochemistry for two 5-ha catchments in the Swiss pre-Alps and two 25- to 32-ha catchments on the Swiss Plateau. At each site, one catchment was relatively flat and had an extensive stream network augmented by artificial ditches, while the other catchment was relatively steep and had a shorter stream network where flow was maintained by springs. The dynamics of the FDN differed substantially for the geomorphologically different catchments in each region, despite their proximity, comparable size, soil and bedrock characteristics. Hydrochemistry and FDN were more dynamic in the flatter catchments with the extensive but shallow channels and ditches. For these catchments, nitrate mobilisation and a notable ‘first flush’ of solutes were observed during most rainfall events. Hydrochemistry and FDN remained relatively stable in the steeper catchments fed by perennial springs. These results highlight the notable spatial variations in stream chemistry responses to precipitation events and the insights that can be gained by joint observations of the FDN and hydrochemical dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eco.2734","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Spatially Explicit Model of the Dynamics of Opisthorchis viverrini Spread","authors":"Cristiano Trevisin,&nbsp;Lars Kamber,&nbsp;Lorenzo Mari,&nbsp;Nakul Chitnis,&nbsp;Javier Perez-Saez,&nbsp;Somphou Sayasone,&nbsp;Peter Odermatt,&nbsp;Marino Gatto,&nbsp;Andrea Rinaldo","doi":"10.1002/eco.2754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i> is a water-based disease-causing parasite whose public health implications are relevant in Southeast Asia. Untreated or chronic infections often lead to severe hepatobiliary morbidity including cholangiocarcinoma, a lethal bile duct cancer. The liver fluke <i>O. viverrini</i> can be contracted by consumption of raw fish, after which it settles in the small biliary ducts. The life cycle involves, besides freshwater snails in which asexual reproduction takes place, freshwater cyprinid fish as intermediate hosts. Piscivorous mammals, including humans, dogs and cats, are definitive hosts. Here, we propose a spatially explicit model for the transmission dynamics in realistic freshwater environments. Our model generalises existing local-scale models by assimilating novel spreading mechanisms in space and time. Our study emphasises that spatial connectivity is key to shaping patterns of disease spread. Fish distribution and mobility through river corridors affect disease transmission routes. Our study provides baseline information on the role of connected freshwater bodies and their suitability for intermediate and final hosts. The distributions of fish catch and fish market supplies are also considered because they affect the spatiotemporal spread of opisthorchiasis. Adding a spatial component to transmission models fundamentally changes the description of epidemiological dynamics and the related scenarios of disease propagation through an improved description of the ecology of hosts, parasites and their transmission cycles. This work provides a more realistic description of the environment where infection cycles develop and spread than previous modelling attempts did, thus allowing a better characterisation of transmission routes and enabling a proper design of containment measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eco.2754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropogenic and Climate-Driven Changes on Harmful Algal Blooms in Two Chinese Reservoirs","authors":"Muhammad Zahir,&nbsp;Yuping Su,&nbsp;Yinxin Chen,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran Shahzad,&nbsp;Gohar Ayub,&nbsp;Sami Ur Rahman,&nbsp;Toqeer Ahmed,&nbsp;Jehangir Ijaz","doi":"10.1002/eco.2745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2745","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study assessed the impacts of anthropogenic and climate change on harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the Dongzhang and Shanzai Reservoirs from 1990 to 2023, focusing on land use and land cover change (LULCC) analysis. Through supervised classification of Landsat imagery, the study examined changes in cropland, forest, shrub, grassland water, barren and built-up areas in the watersheds of both reservoirs and monitor HABs events. The Dongzhang catchment saw forest cover increase from 72.0% in 1990 to 75.3% in 2010 before decreasing to 71.7% in 2022, while cropland and built-up areas fluctuated. Similarly, Shanzai's forest cover declined from 94.4% in 1996 to 91.4% in 2022, with cropland increasing. Significant HAB events in Dongzhang Reservoir peaked in 1990, 2010 and 2022, affecting up to 40% of the reservoir's area in 2022. In Shanzai Reservoir, HAB events showed an increasing trend from 1996 to 2018, with a peak in 2018 when 40% of the reservoir's area was affected. Land use changes exacerbate HABs, as seen in declining forest cover and increasing cropland and built-up areas. Analysis using Landsat imagery showed HAB occurrences increasing from 1990 to 2023, with rising water temperatures indicating potential future increases. Addressing anthropogenic activities and climate change are vital to prevent and manage HABs, requiring improved monitoring and early warning systems. With remote sensing, water quality issues can be identified and managed. The findings emphasize the need for continuous monitoring, improved LULCC analysis, sediment pollution research and effective management strategies to protect water quality and ecosystem health under climate change. Recommendations include long-term monitoring, nutrient input investigations, modelling studies, early warning systems and adaptation strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative and Lag Effects of Meteorological Drought on Vegetation Cover in the Yellow River Basin","authors":"Pingping Zhou,&nbsp;Hao Wu,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Song,&nbsp;Yuqian Ma,&nbsp;Junyao Zhang,&nbsp;Yi Li,&nbsp;Wenyi Sun,&nbsp;Jun Zhai","doi":"10.1002/eco.2752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2752","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global warming has led to an increase in the frequency of meteorological drought events, posing a significant threat to ecosystem security, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Previous studies have utilized correlation analyses to examine the relationship between vegetation and meteorological drought; however, a knowledge gap remains regarding the causal process between the two. This study investigates the linkage between solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) from 2001 to 2019 and explores the cumulative and lagged effects of vegetation SIF in response to SPEI. The results indicated that the cumulative and lag effects of vegetation SIF response to meteorological drought varied with the intensity of water stress. Vegetation in arid regions exhibited poor meteorological drought tolerance and high sensitivity, and the cumulative time and lag time of SIF response to SPEI are 6.5 and 2 months, respectively. Forest, compared with cropland and grassland, demonstrated greater meteorological drought tolerance and reduced sensitivity. For forests, the cumulative and lag time of SIF response to SPEI were 8.7 and 7.4 months, respectively. Grassland was more influenced by precipitation, while forests were more affected by temperature. By analysing the response of SIF to SPEI, this study focuses on the cumulative and lag effects of vegetation on meteorological drought, which will strengthen the understanding of the response of vegetation to meteorological drought in arid and semi-arid areas.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions Between Climate and Species Drive Future Forest Carbon and Water Balances","authors":"Katie A. McQuillan,&nbsp;A. Christopher Oishi,&nbsp;Zachary J. Robbins,&nbsp;Robert Scheller,&nbsp;Katherine L. Martin","doi":"10.1002/eco.2748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2748","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global change is altering forest carbon and water balances; however, the extent to which tree species shape ecosystem-scale responses to climate, particularly in biodiverse forests, remains unclear. To address this, we simulated the effects of an envelope of future climate conditions on watershed carbon and water balances and quantified the contributions of tree species based on their xylem anatomy. We accomplished this by incorporating species-level transpiration calculations into a landscape-scale ecosystem process model. Our revised model linked the effects of forest succession, species composition, and climate change on water and carbon. Calibration of forest water fluxes using sap flux measurements and catchment water balances captured variability in species transpiration and interannual ET in biodiverse, humid temperate forest catchments in the southern Blue Ridge Mountains, USA. Across wet and dry future climate projections, ET increased, and streamflow and net carbon uptake decreased, particularly under a scenario of increasing drought. Despite accounting for just 30% of current biomass, diffuse-porous tree species were the main driver of carbon and water flux responses now and in the future, thus intensifying the increase in ET and decline in streamflow. As diffuse-porous biomass continues to increase, these forests will be increasingly sensitive to drought, amplifying losses of carbon sequestration and freshwater delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eco.2748","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing Soil Water Drought in Response to Altered Precipitation Timing Across the Western United States","authors":"Fangyue Zhang,&nbsp;Joel A. Biederman,&nbsp;Daniel R. Schlaepfer,&nbsp;John B. Bradford,&nbsp;Sasha C. Reed,&nbsp;William K. Smith","doi":"10.1002/eco.2749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2749","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent trends of rising temperatures and longer droughts between precipitation events are impacting water-limited dryland ecosystems in the western United States. Although ecosystem drought response depends directly on soil moisture, trends in soil moisture (e.g., edaphic drought) remain more poorly explored than precipitation (e.g., meteorological drought), representing an important knowledge gap. Here, we applied the SOILWAT2 ecosystem water balance model to quantify long-term trends of soil moisture and edaphic drought using observed daily weather from 1976 to 2019 at 337 stations across the western United States. We assessed edaphic drought for different plant community types (grass dominated vs. shrub dominated), and explored variations with soil depth and texture. The duration of the longest edaphic drought in a given year increased by 1.5 ± 0.2 days/decade for grassy and 1.7 ± 0.2 days/decade for woody vegetation. Importantly, these trends in edaphic drought were consistent with but greater in magnitude compared with meteorological drought indicating more severe water stress for both plants and ecosystems. The correlation between meteorological drought and edaphic drought was greater under woody vegetation (0.45) compared with grass (0.34) and greater at surface soil depths (0–20 cm; 0.46) compared with the deeper soil (20–100 cm; 0.34). Among soil textures, the correlation between meteorological and edaphic drought was highest on sandy soils and lowest on finer textured silty soils. Using the biogeographic domains (eight western NEON domains), we found that the Pacific Northwest, Pacific Southwest, and Desert Southwest exhibited the strongest increases in edaphic drought through time, but lower correlation between meteorological and edaphic droughts. These findings characterize strong but variable connections between edaphic drought and meteorological drought across the western United States and demonstrate the critical influences of vegetation type, soil depth, and soil properties in mediating the magnitude and spatial distribution of edaphic drought.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Terrestrial Water–Energy Coupling Across Scales","authors":"Deanroy Mbabazi,&nbsp;Vinit Sehgal,&nbsp;Binayak P. Mohanty","doi":"10.1002/eco.2743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2743","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Terrestrial water–energy coupling (WEC), in the form of a non-linear relationship between Soil Moisture (SM) and evaporative fraction (EF, ratio of actual and potential evapotranspiration), controls critical ecohydrological processes. We investigate and parameterize the evolution of global SM–EF coupling from the field to remote-sensing (RS)-pixel. The field-scale EF and SM were obtained from eddy covariance (EC) and SM sensors at the global FLUXNET and Texas Water Observatory sites. RS-pixel-scale EF and SM estimates were obtained from Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) sensors, respectively. We estimate the <i>effective</i> thresholds of the WEC regimes from both EC and satellite datasets to highlight the influence of sub-pixel-scale heterogeneity, and, scaling and observational constraints on the evolution of WEC regimes from the field to RS-pixel scale. We argue that the changes in land surface conditions add a temporal variability in the critical thresholds of terrestrial WEC at RS pixel scale. We compare the critical WEC thresholds of the water- and energy-limited regimes with a SM drydown-based approach and highlight the similarities between both methods in partitioning dominant WEC regimes. EF and SM are strongly coupled in dryland arid and semi-arid regions compared to humid climates. WEC regimes and thresholds have strong interseason variability due to dynamic interactions between soil, vegetation and atmosphere at the RS-pixel scale. In contrast, field-scale SM-EF coupling is influenced predominantly by soil conditions and land-use/management practices. Hence, future development of Earth-system/Land-surface models must account for the inter-scale differences in the coupling between terrestrial water and energy fluxes representative of the ‘<i>effective</i>’ processes at large spatial scales.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55169,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eco.2743","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}