Fossil Record最新文献

{"title":"A new Cretaceous family of enigmatic two-winged lacewings (Neuroptera)","authors":"Vladimir N. Makarkin, Qiang Yang, Dong Ren","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201300002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201300002","url":null,"abstract":"Lacewings (Neuroptera) normally bear four well-developed wings. There are a few brachypterous, micropterous or apterous species, found in several extant families; this wing reduction is usually associated with flightlessness. The only documented fossil neuropteran with reduced hind wings (modified to small haltere-like structures) is the enigmatic minute genus Mantispidiptera Grimaldi from the Late Cretaceous amber of New Jersey. In this paper, we report a new genus and species from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China (Dipteromantispa brevisubcosta n. gen. et n. sp.) resembling Mantispidiptera. We place these two genera in the new family Dipteromantispidae, n. fam. They bear well-developed forewings with reduced venation, and hind wings that are extremely modified as small structures resembling the halteres of Diptera. Dipteromantispidae n. fam. might be specialized descendants of some early Berothidae or of stem group Mantispidae þ Berothidae. We presume that dipteromantispids were active fliers. This is a remarkable example of parallel evolution of wing structures in this neuropteran family and Diptera.","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2013-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201300002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new Middle Jurassic caddisfly (Trichoptera, Hydrobiosidae) from China","authors":"Yan Gao,&nbsp;Yunzhi Yao,&nbsp;Dong Ren","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201300005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201300005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Material belonging to a new fossil genus and species of caddisfly, <i>Pulchercylindratus punctatus</i> n. gen., n. sp., was collected from the Daohugou locality (Middle Jurassic, Jiulongshan Formation; Inner Mongolia, China). The new species is assigned to the Hydrobiosidae according to subcylindrical shape of the 2nd segment of maxillary palp, the forked R₁ (in the forewing, located near apex), and long anal cells (in the forewing). In addition, we propose to transfer the genus <i>Juraphilopotamus</i> Wang, Zhao &amp; Ren 2009, known from the same locality, to the family Hydrobiosidae, based on the 1st and 2nd segments of the maxillary palp being cylindrical, shorter than the 3rd segment. A Middle Jurassic origination of family Hydrobiosidae can be established based on the new discovery. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2013-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201300005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon isotope signatures of latest Permian marine successions of the Southern Alps suggest a continental runoff pulse enriched in land plant material","authors":"Sonja H. Kraus,&nbsp;Rainer Brandner,&nbsp;Christoph Heubeck,&nbsp;Heinz W. Kozur,&nbsp;Ulrich Struck,&nbsp;Christoph Korte","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201300004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201300004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The latest Permian mass extinction, the most severe Phanerozoic biotic crisis, is marked by dramatic changes in palaeoenvironments. These changes significantly disrupted the global carbon cycle, reflected by a prominent and well known negative carbon isotope excursion recorded in marine and continental sediments. Carbon isotope trends of bulk carbonate and bulk organic matter in marine deposits of the European Southern Alps near the low-latitude marine event horizon deviate from each other. A positive excursion of several permil in δ¹³C_org starts earlier and is much more pronounced than the short-term positive δ¹³C_carb excursion; both excursions interrupt the general negative trend. Throughout the entire period investigated, δ¹³C_org values become lighter with increasing distance from the palaeocoastline. Changing δ¹³C_org values may be due to the influx of comparatively isotopically heavy land plant material. The stronger influence of land plant material on the δ¹³C_org during the positive isotope excursion indicates a temporarily enhanced continental runoff that may either reflect increased precipitation, possibly triggered by aerosols originating from Siberian Trap volcanism, or indicate higher erosion rate in the face of reduced land vegetation cover. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2013-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201300004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50864026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Givetian ammonoids from Hassi Nebech (Tafilalt Basin, Anti-Atlas, southern Morocco)","authors":"Jürgen Bockwinkel,&nbsp;R. Thomas Becker,&nbsp;Volker Ebbighausen†","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201300001","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201300001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Hassi Nebech area of the SE Tafilalt (Tafilalt Basin, Anti-Atlas, Morocco) yielded the richest and most diverse late Givetian ammonoid fauna on a global scale. Above the distinctive regional “Lower Marker Bed” (<i>Synpharciceras clavilobum</i> Zone), abundant loosely collected limonitic specimens derive from hypoxic shales of the <i>Taouzites taouzensis</i> to <i>Petteroceras errans</i> zones. The ontogenetic morphometry and intraspecific variability of a total of 30 species representing five families, the Acanthoclymeniidae, Taouzitidae, Pharciceratidae, Petteroceratidae, and Tornoceratidae, are documented. New taxa are: <i>Pseudoprobeloceras praecox</i> n. sp., <i>Scaturites minutus</i> n. gen. n. sp., <i>Darkaoceras velox</i> n. sp., <i>Pharciceras decoratum</i> n. sp., <i>Ph. fornix</i> n. sp., <i>Ph. subconstans</i> n. sp., <i>Ph. involutum</i> n. sp., <i>Lunupharciceras incisum</i> n. sp., <i>Transpharciceras procedens</i> n. gen. n. sp., <i>Stenopharciceras progressum</i> n. sp., <i>Pluripharciceras</i> n. gen. (type species: <i>Synpharciceras plurilobatum</i> Petter, 1959), <i>Plu. orbis</i> n. sp., <i>Synpharciceras frequens</i> n. sp., <i>Lobotornoceras bensaidi</i> n. sp., <i>Nebechoceras eccentricum</i> n. gen. n. sp., and <i>Phoenixites lenticulus</i> n. sp.. The documentation of conch and particularly suture ontogeny and intraspecific variability necessitates a revised diagnosis for ten taxa. <i>Manticoceras pontiformis</i> Termier &amp; Termier, 1950, <i>Probeloceras costulatum</i> Petter, 1959, and <i>Pseudoprobeloceras nebechense</i> Bensaïd, 1974 are regarded as subjective junior synonyms of <i>Ps. pernai</i> (Wedekind, 1918). <i>Sandbergeroceras acutum</i> Termier &amp; Termier, 1950 is a subjective synonym of <i>Taouzites taouzensis</i> (Termier &amp; Termier, 1950). <i>Pharciceras applanatum</i> Bensaïd, 1974 is transferred to <i>Extropharciceras</i>. Other forms (<i>Ph</i>. aff. <i>tridens, Ph.</i> cf<i>. subconstans</i> n. sp., <i>Extropharciceras</i> n. sp. 2, <i>Ex.</i> cf. <i>arenicum</i>, <i>Ex.</i> cf<i>. applanatum, Synpharciceras</i> sp., <i>Plu.</i> cf. <i>plurilobatum</i>) are described in open nomenclature. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2013-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201300001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Middle Miocene freshwater mollusk fauna of Lake Gacko (SE Bosnia and Herzegovina): taxonomic revision and paleoenvironmental analysis","authors":"Thomas A. Neubauer,&nbsp;Oleg Mandic,&nbsp;Mathias Harzhauser","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201300003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201300003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The early Middle Miocene Lake Gacko was part of the Dinaride Lake System (DLS) and gave rise to a poorly known freshwater mollusk fauna. This was subject to malacological studies from the late 19th century onwards. Herein, we provide the first thorough taxonomic survey of Lake Gacko including revisions of several taxa. A total amount of 1,077 specimens was obtained from 17 samples, comprising at least 11 freshwater and 2 terrestrial gastropod species and 6 bivalve species. So far, none of the described taxa has been documented outside the Dinarides and the DLS, respectively. The fauna shows variable overlap with other paleolakes of the DLS, proofing once more the complex biogeographic patchwork of this system. The current paleoenvironmental reconstructions are tested and refined by application of a statistical analysis. This confirms the partition of the sedimentary history of Lake Gacko into three major depositional phases responding to astronomically forced climate changes. The low diverse mollusk assemblage in the initial phase, with abundant pulmonate and rissooid gastropods, signals a more arid climate with lowered lake level. During the second interval, the fauna becomes more diverse with common rissooid and melanopsid gastropods. It represents a more humid interval with enhanced precipitation and increased lake level, entailing the installation of a perennial lacustrine environment. The final phase is a return to arid conditions with the same elements as in the initial pulmonate-rissooid assemblage. The sphaeriid <i>Pisidium vukovici</i> n. sp. is introduced as new species. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2013-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201300003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50864014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Pennsylvanian Odonatoptera from the Xiaheyan locality (Ningxia, China): new material, taxa, and perspectives","authors":"Yongjun Li,&nbsp;Olivier Béthoux,&nbsp;Hong Pang,&nbsp;Dong Ren","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201300006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201300006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Data on Odonatoptera species from the Xiaheyan locality (Ningxia, China; Early Pennsylvanian) described so far are complemented based on abundant new material. Several taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments are proposed. The species <i>Tupus readi</i> Carpenter, 1933 is transferred to the genus <i>Shenzhousia</i> Zhang &amp; Hong, 2006 in Zhang et al. (2006), and therefore should be referred to as <i>Shenzhousia readi</i> (Carpenter, 1933) n. comb. The monotypic genus <i>Sinomeganeura</i> Ren et al., 2008 is synonymized with <i>Oligotypus</i> Carpenter, 1931. As a consequence the type species of the former must be referred to as <i>Oligotypus huangheensis</i> (Ren et al., 2008) n. comb. The monotypic genus <i>Paragilsonia</i> Zhang, Hong &amp; Su, 2012 in Su et al. (2012) is synonymized with <i>Tupus</i> Sellards, 1906. As a consequence the type-species of the former is to be referred to as <i>Tupus orientalis</i> (Zhang, Hong &amp; Su, 2012 in Su et al. (2012)) n. comb. The monotypic genus <i>Sinierasiptera</i> Zhang, Hong &amp; Su, 2012 in Su et al. (2012) is synonymized with <i>Erasipterella</i> Brauckmann, 1983. As a consequence the type-species of the former is to be referred to as <i>Erasipterella jini</i> (Zhang, Hong &amp; Su, 2012 in Su et al. (2012)) n. comb. In addition <i>Aseripterella sinensis</i> n. gen. et sp. and <i>Sylphalula laliquei</i> n. gen. et sp. are described. The ‘strong oblique distal' cross-vein, located in the area between RA and RP is found to occur more extensively than previously expected. It is believed to be a structure distinct from the subnodal cross-vein, and therefore deserves to be referred to by a distinct name (viz. ‘postsubnodal cross-vein'). Odonatoptera from the Xiaheyan locality cover a broad range of sizes. Factors that could have promoted the evolution of large-sized Odonatoptera are briefly reviewed. The permissive conditions prevailing during the Pennsylvanian, and the existence of an elaborated food web, are emphasized as putative positive factors. The new taxonomic treatment suggests that genera documented in the Lower Permian, such as <i>Shenzhousia</i> and <i>Oligotypus</i>, stem from the early Pennsylvanian, and implies a high resilience of these taxa when facing the Pennsylvanian–Permian environmental perturbations. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2013-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201300006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Character distribution and phylogeny of the dissorophid temnospondyls","authors":"Rainer R. Schoch","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201200010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201200010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The phylogeny of the largely Permian temnospondyl group Dissorophidae is analyzed for the first time. Although hampered by poor preservation and incompleteness of finds, new data add substantially to our knowledge of the group. An analysis of 25 taxa and 70 characters gave the following results. (1) The Dissorophidae and Trematopidae each form monophyletic groups that are more closely related to one another than either of them is to amphibamids. Olsoniformes and Amphibamidae are each defined by clear-cut autapomorphies, making it unlikely that amphibamids are dwarfed dissorophids or olsoniforms. (2) <i>Ecolsonia</i> nests with <i>Fedexia</i> at the base of the Trematopidae. (3) The Dissorophidae falls into two major clades, the Dissorophinae sensu stricto (<i>Dissorophus</i>, <i>Broiliellus</i>) and the Cacopinae (<i>Cacops</i>, <i>Kamacops</i>, <i>Zygosaurus</i>). The Cacopinae is much better supported than the Dissorophinae. <i>Platyhystrix</i> and <i>Aspidosaurus</i> form successive sister taxa of all other dissorophids. Incompletely known dissorophids were found to nest as follows: (a) <i>Brevidorsum</i>, the Admiral Taxon and Rio Arriba Taxon at the base of the Cacopinae and (b) <i>Conjunctio multidens</i> forms an unresolved trichotomy with dissorophines and cacopines. The significance of osteoderms in dissorophid phylogeny is found to be much smaller than hitherto considered. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2012-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201200010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redescription and phylogenetic relationships of Solenodonsaurus janenschi Broili, 1924, from the Late Carboniferous of Nýřany, Czech Republic","authors":"Marylène Danto,&nbsp;Florian Witzmann,&nbsp;Johannes Müller","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201200003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201200003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The basal tetrapod <i>Solenodonsaurus janenschi</i> Broili, 1924, from Nýřany (Westphalian D, Late Carboniferous), Czech Republic, is redescribed and its phylogenetic position reevaluated. A distinct groove at the base of the maxillary teeth is regarded as an autapomorphic character, which is present in both the large and small specimens. Other characteristic features, which are not unique to <i>S. janenschi</i>, are: an extension of the lacrimal that forms the anteroventral margin of the orbit; a long posterior extension of the jugal; spool-shaped vertebrae, and small, wedge-like intercentra. A phylogenetic analysis based on the data matrix of Ruta, Coates and Quicke suggests that <i>S. janenschi</i> is the sister taxon of the Lepospondyli. Shared characters include the shape of the vertebrae, non-swollen neural arches, and absence of an intertemporal. Although nested within the amniote stem, <i>S. janenschi</i> is not as closely related to basal amniotes as previously suggested. A rather long, slender humerus argues for a predominantly terrestrial mode of life, and the curved, slender ribs, as well as the comparatively small skull, suggest costal ventilation of the lungs similar to that in amniotes, rather than buccal pumping. The morphology of the shallow squamosal embayment in which an ossified dorsal margin is absent, renders the presence of a tympanum unlikely. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2012-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201200003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New data on internal morphology of exceptionally preserved Nannirhynchia pygmaea (Morris, 1847) from the Lusitanian Basin (Brachiopoda, Early Jurassic, Portugal)","authors":"Mena Schemm-Gregory,&nbsp;Maria Helena Henriques","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201200005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201200005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pyritized internal moulds of articulated shells of the Early Jurassic brachiopod taxon <i>Nannirhynchia pygmaea</i> were found in beds closely below the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event in the <i>Polymorphum</i> Zone in Portugal. The material allows a detailed study of the outline of the muscle fields, the length and direction of the crura, and the orientation of the cardinalia, which are hitherto undescribed. Three-dimensional reconstructions of articulated shells of <i>N. pygmaea</i> occurring in a single horizon were produced to show the orientation and length of arcuiform crura. The preservation of internal moulds together with the three-dimensional reconstruction of the internal shell morphology allow a more precise description of the internal morphology of this taxon than it is possible with articulated shells and serial sections. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2012-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201200005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-Cretaceous Agaricomycetes yet to be discovered: Reinvestigation of a putative Triassic bracket fungus from southern Germany","authors":"Anna Philie Kiecksee,&nbsp;Leyla J. Seyfullah,&nbsp;Heinrich Dörfelt,&nbsp;Jochen Heinrichs,&nbsp;Herbert Süß,&nbsp;Alexander R. Schmidt","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201200006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201200006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agaricomycetes are major components of extant terrestrial ecosystems; however, their fruiting bodies are exceedingly rare as fossils. Reinvestigation of a peculiar fossil from Late Triassic sediments of southern Germany interpreted as a bracket fungus revealed that this fossil in fact represents a wood abnormality, resulting from injury to the cambium and subsequent callus growth in a <i>Baieroxylon</i> -like ginkgoalean wood. As a result, the fossil record of the Agaricomycetes does not yet pre-date the Early Cretaceous, suggesting a late diversification of basidiomycetes possessing large fruiting bodies. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2012-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201200006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}