Fossil Record最新文献

{"title":"First flower inclusion and fossil evidence of Cryptocarya (Laurales, Lauraceae) from Miocene amber of Zhangpu (China)","authors":"Simon Beurel, J. Bachelier, J. Munzinger, Fuchen Shao, Jörg U. Hammel, Gongle Shi, Eva‐Maria Sadowski","doi":"10.3897/fr.27.109621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/fr.27.109621","url":null,"abstract":"Lauraceae have one of the oldest fossil records of angiosperms with the earliest known evidence from the mid-Cretaceous. However, most of these records are based on leaves, especially from the Cenozoic of Asia, which are often challenging to assign to extinct or extant genera or species. In contrast, fossils of reproductive organs are more informative, but remain scarce. We here described the first Cenozoic Lauraceae flower of Asia and confirmed the presence of Cryptocarya in the Miocene Zhangpu flora (Fujian Province, south-eastern China) based on an amber inclusion. We scanned the specimen using synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomography (SRμCT) and then compared the fossil with extant flowers of the genus. The present fossil flower is small, bisexual, and polysymmetric, with a whorled and trimerous perianth and androecium along with a hypanthium around the gynoecium. The perianth comprises six undifferentiated tepals, the androecium consists of nine stamens and three innermost staminodes, and the gynoecium of a single carpel with a superior, unilocular (and uniovulate) ovary. Our study also shows that the fossil shares an unusual position of the typical staminal glands and a short androecial tube on the rim of the hypanthium with at least one extant Australian species of Cryptocarya, which have not been reported before. Nowadays, Lauraceae are still present in tropical to subtropical regions, mostly in American and Asian rainforests. The discovery of many Lauraceae leaf fossils in Zhangpu, as well as the amber flower of this study, is consistent with the current reconstruction of the amber source environment as a megathermal seasonal rainforest during the Mid-Miocene.","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"58 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A digital redescription of the Middle Miocene (Langhian) carettochelyid turtle Allaeochelys libyca","authors":"Y. Rollot, Serjoscha W. Evers, W. Joyce","doi":"10.3897/fr.27.115046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/fr.27.115046","url":null,"abstract":"Allaeochelys libyca is a carettochelyid turtle from the Middle Miocene of Libya. The species is the only valid carettochelyid taxon recovered from Africa and was named based on fragmentary material that includes a partial cranium and isolated shell remains. The description of the holotype cranium was limited to external aspects, and micro-computed tomography was only performed later on that material. Here, we use these micro-computed tomography scans to reinvestigate the external and internal anatomy of the holotype cranium to document several erroneous anatomical interpretations and provide new insights into the morphology of the trigeminal foramen area, the endosseous labyrinth, and circulatory system of Allaeochelys libyca. The anatomical insights provided herein have the potential to be translated into new phylogenetic characters that are expected to improve the resolution among the Anosteira and Allaeochelys lineages, which are still poorly resolved.","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"11 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The oldest teleosts (Teleosteomorpha): their early taxonomic, phenotypic, and ecological diversification during the Triassic","authors":"G. Arratia, H. Schultze","doi":"10.3897/fr.27.115970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/fr.27.115970","url":null,"abstract":"As the fossil record reveals, neopterygians had a major diversification after the great mass extinction at the Permian-Triassic boundary, including the appearance of the major clade Teleosteomorpha. Detailed studies of new taxa (Pseudopholidoctenus germanicus, Barschichthys ruedersdorfensis, and Ruedersdorfia berlinensis) from the lower Anisian (middle Muschelkalk) of Germany and their comparisons with other Triassic relatives are presented, including new information concerning size, shape, and diet. Two families, Pholidophoridae and Marcopoloichthyidae, made a modest appearance during the Anisian of Europe and Asia almost simultaneously, with Pseudopholidoctenus (and the teleosteomorphs Barschichthys and Ruedersdorfia) from the Germanic Basin, being the oldest stem teleosts (244 Ma), followed shortly by Marcopoloichthys ani from Italy. The early teleostean diversification was fast—already in the late Ladinian three lineages were present: Prohalecitiidae (Europe), Pholidophoridae (Asia, Europe), and Marcopoloichthyidae (Asia, Europe), with ca. 20 species inhabiting the Tethys Ocean during the Middle–Late Triassic. Most Triassic teleosteomorphs were small, ca. 50 mm standard length, and a few as possibly miniature, with torpedo or oblong shapes, and suction feeders—probably a plankton based-diet. These first Triassic radiations were replaced during the early Sinemurian of marine ecosystems of Europe with two major groups: (a) non-monophyletic ‘pholidophoriforms’ and (b) proleptolepids and leptolepids, having an average size (ca. 100 mm SL) longer than Triassic forms, with oblong and fusiform shapes. A fast dispersion from the Tethys to the Paleo-Pacific followed, as demonstrated by the presence of small (ca. 50 mm SL) suction feeder proleptolepids in the early Sinemurian of Chile.","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"34 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Globacrochordiceras gen. nov. (Acrochordiceratidae, late Early Triassic) and its significance for stress-induced evolutionary jumps in ammonoid lineages (cephalopods)","authors":"Claude Monnet,&nbsp;Hugo Bucher,&nbsp;Arnaud Brayard,&nbsp;James F. Jenks","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201300010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201300010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Globacrochordiceras transpacificum</i> gen. et sp. nov. is an ammonoid (Ammonoidea, Cephalopoda) with a shell characterized by plicate ribbing (rounded and undulating ribs strengthening on the venter without interruption), increasing involution through ontogeny, overhanging and deep umbilical wall, absence of tuberculation, subtriangular whorl section, globose adult shape with a closed umbilicus followed by an abrupt egressive coiling, and a subammonitic adult suture line. This new taxon occurs in Nevada (USA) and in Guangxi (South China). It has its typical occurrence within the <i>Neopopanoceras haugi</i> Zone of late Spathian age (Early Triassic). The plicate ribbing, suture line and general shell shape are diagnostic of the family Acrochordiceratidae. The large adult size, high degree of involution and subammonitic suture line of <i>Globacrochordiceras</i> markedly contrast with the next younger genus of the family (<i>Paracrochordiceras</i> of early Anisian age, Middle Triassic), which is evolute and displays a ceratitic suture shape. Shell coiling and suture line of <i>Globacrochordiceras</i> are closer to that of the youngest member of the family: <i>Acrochordiceras carolinae</i> (late middle Anisian). The latter is the end-member of a long-term morphological evolutionary trend of the family during the early and middle Anisian. This trend composed of classical increases in adult size (Cope's rule), shell involution and suture indentation, lasted ca. four Myr. The sudden morphological evolutionary jump between <i>Globacrochordiceras</i> and <i>Paracrochordiceras</i> at the Spathian/Anisian (Early/Middle Triassic) boundary may correspond to a generalized morphological reset of long-term trends, a process that differs from classic paedomorphic transformations. A dramatic global sea level change and carbon isotope positive excursion at the Early/Middle Triassic boundary both indicate stressful environmental changes that may have triggered this evolutionary jump. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"16 2","pages":"197-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2013-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201300010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New remains of Machimosaurus hugii von Meyer, 1837 (Crocodilia, Thalattosuchia) from the Kimmeridgian of Germany","authors":"Jeremy E. Martin,&nbsp;Peggy Vincent","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201300009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201300009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fourth complete skull of the marine crocodilian <i>Machimosaurus</i> von Meyer, 1837 is hereby described together with an associated complete mandible and disarticulated postcranial elements from the Kimmeridgian of Neuffen, Germany. Although the genus has been described fairly recently on the basis of two nearly complete skulls, their state of preservation did not allow a thorough examination of the entire skull anatomy. Here, we add new information with the description of nicely preserved cranial and mandibular elements of a single individual attributable to <i>Machimosaurus hugii</i> von Meyer, 1837. The diagnosis is updated for the genus and for the species <i>M. hugii</i> and challenges the validity of the second species <i>M. mosae</i> (Liénard, 1876). Moreover, previous assumption that <i>Steneosaurus obtusidens</i> Andrews, 1913 is a junior synonym of <i>Machimosaurus hugii</i> is not supported by our observations. Notably, <i>M. hugii</i> differs from <i>S. obtusidens</i> by a lower tooth count, the morphology of the dentition, the shape of the supratemporal fenestrae and the absence of an antorbital fenestra. Comparative anatomy and a phylogenetic analysis show that <i>Machimosaurus</i> is more closely related to the genus <i>Steneosaurus</i> than to <i>Teleosaurus cadomensis</i> (Lamouroux, 1820). (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"16 2","pages":"179-196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2013-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201300009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ordovician ostracodes established by Aurel Krause, Part II","authors":"Roger Schallreuter,&nbsp;Ingelore Hinz-Schallreuter","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201300007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201300007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The lack of a revision of the ostracodes described by Aurel Krause at the end of the 19th century from glacial erratic boulders from Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg (Northern Germany) has led to taxonomic confusion in the corresponding literature of the 20th century. To attain stability in names, some of Krause's ostracode species have been revised based on the types stored in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, namely Primitia plana, P. plana tuberculata, P. intermedia, P. globifera, Entomis sigma antiquata, Bollia v-scripta, B. granulosa, B. duplex, Strepula lineata, Isochilina canaliculata, Beyrichia dissecta, B. mamillosa, B. signata, and B. bidens. Most species have up to four younger synonyms among species described later from outcrops or borings in Baltoscandia or glacial erratic boulders of Northern Germany and Sweden. Three of Krause's species, which have been considered as nomina dubia by Jaanusson are in fact valid species. Some of Krause's species or of their synonyms are type species. doi: 10.1002/mmng.201000015","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"16 2","pages":"145-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2013-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201300007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in Canadian Late Cretaceous amber","authors":"Ryan C. McKellar,&nbsp;Dmitry S. Kopylov,&nbsp;Michael S. Engel","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201300011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201300011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Three new species and two new genera are described within the wasp family Ichneumonidae from Late Cretaceous (Campanian) amber collected at the Grassy Lake locality in Alberta, Canada. New taxa include <i>Pareubaeus rasnitsyni</i> n. gen. et sp. and <i>P. incertus</i> n. sp. within the subfamily Labenopimplinae, and <i>Albertocryptus dossenus</i> n. gen. et sp. within the subfamily Labeninae. The presence of a labenopimpline genus closely related to <i>Eubaeus</i> Townes within Canadian amber further supports faunal similarity between the Canadian assemblage and that recovered from Siberian amber. The records of Labeninae are the first from Mesozoic amber, and demonstrate that the subfamily was present in the Northern Hemisphere in the Late Cretaceous, as opposed to their modern, predominantly austral distribution. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"16 2","pages":"217-227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2013-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201300011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Early Pennsylvanian Odonatoptera from the Xiaheyan locality (Ningxia, China): new material, taxa, and perspectives","authors":"Yongjun Li,&nbsp;Olivier Béthoux,&nbsp;Hong Pang,&nbsp;Dong Ren","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201390000","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201390000","url":null,"abstract":"1 College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China. E-mails: liyongjun_sysu@126.com, rendong@mail.cnu.edu.cn 2 State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China. E-mails: liyongjun_sysu@126.com, lsshpang@mail.sysu.edu.cn 3 UMR7207 CNRS (CR2P), Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP38, 8 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. E-mail: obethoux@mnhn.fr","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"16 2","pages":"244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2013-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201390000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"96286583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New species of Grammolingia Ren, 2002 from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China (Neuroptera: Grammolingiidae)","authors":"Chaofan Shi,&nbsp;Yongjie Wang,&nbsp;Dong Ren","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201300008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201300008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Three new species, <i>Grammolingia uniserialis</i> n. sp., <i>Grammolingia binervis</i> n. sp., and <i>Grammolingia sticta</i> n. sp. are described from the Jiulongshan Formation of northeastern China. <i>G. uniserialis</i> n. sp. exhibits a single row of cells in the costal area almost along the entire wing length except the basal part, which is rare in the family and firstly found in this genus. <i>G. binervis</i> n. sp. and <i>G. sticta</i> n. sp. add two new patterns of wing markings to the family. A key to the species of <i>Grammolingia</i> Ren, 2002 is provided. All types of wing markings present in this family are classified. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"16 2","pages":"171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2013-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201300008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The youngest trigonotarbid Permotarbus schuberti n. gen., n. sp. from the Permian Petrified Forest of Chemnitz in Germany","authors":"Jason A. Dunlop,&nbsp;Ronny Rößler","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201300012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201300012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new trigonotarbid (Arachnida: Trigonotarbida) is described as <i>Permotarbus schuberti</i> n. gen., n. sp. from the Early Permian Petrified Forest (Rotliegend) of Chemnitz in Saxony (Germany). At ca. 290 Ma it represents the youngest record of this extinct arachnid order discovered to date. Its familial affinities are uncertain, but may lie close to the Aphantomartidae. The distribution of the trigonotarbid genera through time is summarised, together with a list of their seventy-seven fossil-yielding localities. Together they offer a broad overview of the group's fossil record, which is heavily biased towards the Moscovian Stage (ca. 307–312 Ma) of the Late Carboniferous in Europe and North America. This is due in no small part to numerous localities associated with coal mining districts, and trigonotarbids are found less frequently after this stage. While it is tempting to associate this with biological events – such as a putative ‘Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse' dating to ca. 305 Ma – it is difficult to differentiate the effects of genuine extinction patterns from artefacts caused by fewer appropriate localities in the economically less relevant latest Carboniferous and Early Permian strata. Nevertheless, trigonotarbids became extinct at some point after the Early Permian and loss of the Coal Measures forests remains one of the most likely possible causes. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"16 2","pages":"229-243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2013-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201300012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}