Fossil Record最新文献

{"title":"The taphonomy of dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania) based on field sketches of the German tendaguru expedition (1909-1913)†","authors":"Wolf-Dieter Heinrich","doi":"10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020102","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tendaguru is one of the most important dinosaur localities in Africa. The Tendaguru Beds have produced a diverse Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian to Tithonian) dinosaur assemblage, including sauropods (<i>Brachiosaurus, Barosaurus, Dicraeosaurus, Janenschia</i>), theropods (e.g., <i>Elaphrosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Allosaurus</i>), and ornithischians (<i>Kentrosaurus, Dryosaurus</i>). Contrary to the well studied skeletal anatomy of the Tendaguru dinosaurs, the available taphonomic information is rather limited, and a generally accepted taphonomic model has not yet been established. Assessment of unpublished excavation sketches by the German Tendaguru expedition (1909–1913) document bone assemblages of sauropod and ornithischian dinosaurs from the Middle Saurian Bed, Upper Saurian Bed, and the Transitional Sands above the <i>Trigonia smeei</i> Bed, and shed some light on the taphonomy of the Tendaguru dinosaurs. Stages of disarticulation range from incomplete skeletons to solitary bones, and strongly argue for carcass decay and post-mortem transport prior to burial. The sauropod bone accumulations are dominated by adult individuals, and juveniles are rare or missing. The occurrence of bones in different superimposed dinosaur-bearing horizons indicates that skeletal remains were accumulated over a long time span during the Late Jurassic, and the majority of the bone accumulations are probably attritional. These accumulations are likely to have resulted from long-term bone imput due to normal mortality events caused by starvation, seasonal drought, disease, old age and weakness. The depositional environment of the Middle and Upper Saurian Bed was mainly limnic to brackish in origin, while the palaeoenvironment of the Transitional Sands was marginal marine.</p><p>Tendaguru zählt zu den bedeutendsten Dinosaurier-Lagerstätten Afrikas. Aus den Tendaguru-Schichten sind zahlreiche Skelettreste von Sauropoden (<i>Brachiosaurus, Barosaurus, Dicraeosaurus, Janenschia</i>), Theropoden (z.B. <i>Elaphrosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Allosaurus</i>) und Ornithischiern (<i>Kentrosaurus, Dryosaurus</i>) geborgen worden. Sie stammen aus der späten Jura-Zeit (Kimmeridge — Tithon). Während der Skelettbau der Tendagurusaurier gut untersucht ist, wirft die Taphonomie des Sauriervorkommens von Tendaguru noch immer Fragen auf. Unklar ist bislang, wie die enormen Anreicherungen von Dinosaurierknochen in den Tendaguru-Schichten zustandekamen. Unveröffentlichte Grabungsskizzen der Deutschen Tendaguru Expedition (1909–1913) erweitern unsere Kenntnisse über die Taphonomie der Tendagurusaurier. In den ausgewerteten Grabungsskizzen sind Knochenansammlungen von Sauropoden und Ornithischiern aus dem Mittleren und Oberen Sauriermergel sowie aus den Übergangsschichten über der <i>Trigonia smeei</i>-Schicht dokumentiert. Die Lage und der Erhaltungszustand der Funde lassen auf erheblichen Zerfall der Kadaver und post-mortalen Transport von Skelettelementen vor der Einbettung schließen. Das Vorkomm","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"2 1","pages":"25-61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2012-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50860848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semionotiform fish from the Upper Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania)","authors":"Gloria Arratia,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Schultze","doi":"10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020110","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The late Late Jurassic fishes collected by the Tendaguru expeditions (1909–1913) are represented only by a shark tooth and various specimens of the neopterygian <i>Lepidotes</i>. The <i>Lepidotes</i> is a new species characterized by a combination of features such as the presence of scattered tubercles in cranial bones of adults, smooth ganoid scales, two suborbital bones, one row of infraorbital bones, non-tritoral teeth, hyomandibula with an anteriorly expanded membranous outgrowth, two extrascapular bones, two postcleithra, and the absence of fringing fulcra on all fins.</p><p>Die spätoberjurassischen Fische, die die Tendaguru-Expedition zwischen 1909 und 1913 gesammelt hat, sind durch einen Haizahn und mehrere Exemplare des Neopterygiers <i>Lepidotes</i> repräsentiert. Eine neue Art der Gattung <i>Lepidotes</i> ist beschrieben, sie ist durch eine Kombination von Merkmalen (vereinzelte Tuberkel auf den Schädelknochen adulter Tiere, glatte Ganoidschuppen, zwei Suborbitalia, eine Reihe von Infraorbitalia, nichttritoriale Zähne, Hyomandibulare mit einer membranösen nach vorne gerichteten Verbreiterung, zwei Extrascapularia, zwei Postcleithra und ohne sich gabelnde Fulkren auf dem Vorderrand der Flossen) gekennzeichnet.</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"2 1","pages":"135-153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2012-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50861056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some charophytes from the middle dinosaur member of the Tendaguru formation (Upper Jurassic of Tanzania)","authors":"Michael E. Schudack","doi":"10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the famous dinosaur beds of Tendaguru Formation, Tanzania, East Africa are still under discussion. Calcareous microfossils have not yet contributed to this question. Four samples from the Middle Dinosaur Member have now yielded charophyte gyrogonites of the species <i>Aclistochara</i> cf. <i>bransonii, Aclistochara</i> cf. <i>minor, Mesochara canellata</i>, and <i>Mesochara harrisi</i>. Considering ammonite datations in under- and overlying members, even their long stratigrapical ranges point to a Kimmeridgian age for the Middle Dinosaur Member of Tendaguru Formation. Salinity tolerances of the species (if autochthonous) suggest a variable environment with partly brackish, partly freshwater influences.</p><p>Biostratigraphie und Paläoökologie der berühmten Dinosaurier-Fundschichten am Tendaguru Hill in Tansania (Ostafrika) sind bis heute umstritten. Kalkige Mikrofossilien hatten zu dieser Diskussion bisher nicht beigetragen. In vier Proben aus dem Mittleren Dinosauriermergel fanden sich nun Charophyten-Gyrogonite der Arten <i>Aclistochara</i> cf. <i>bransonii, Aclistochara</i> cf. <i>minor, Mesochara canellata</i> und <i>Mesochara harrisi</i>. Trotz generell langer stratigraphischer Reichweiten dieser Arten macht ihr Vorkommen im Zusammenhang mit Ammonitenfunden in unter- und überlagernden Schichten ein Kimmeridgium-Alter des Mittleren Dinosauriermergels wahrscheinlich, während ihre Salinitätstoleranzen (autochthones Vorkommen vorausgesetzt) auf ein wechselhaftes Milieu mit teils schwach brackischen, teils Süßwassereinflüssen hindeuten.</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"2 1","pages":"201-205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2012-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50860757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body size and body volume distribution in two sauropods from the Upper Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania)","authors":"Hanns-Christian Gunga,&nbsp;Karl Kirsch,&nbsp;Jörn Rittweger,&nbsp;Lothar Röcker,&nbsp;Andrew Clarke,&nbsp;Jörg Albertz,&nbsp;Albert Wiedemann,&nbsp;Sascha Mokry,&nbsp;Tim Suthau,&nbsp;Aloys Wehr,&nbsp;Wolf-Dieter Heinrich,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Schultze","doi":"10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020106","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Allometric equations are often based on the body mass of an animal because body mass determines many physiological functions. This should also hold for <i>Brachiosaurus brancai</i> and <i>Dicraeosaurus hansemanni</i>, two sauropods from the Upper Jurassic of Tendaguru/Tanzania (East Africa). Widely divergent estimates of body mass for the same specimen can be found in the literature for these two sauropods.</p><p>Therefore, in order to determine the exact body mass and volume distribution in these sauropods, classical three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry as well as a newly developed laser scanner technique were applied to the mounted skeletons of <i>Brachiosaurus brancai</i> and <i>Dicraeosaurus hansemanni</i> in the Museum für Naturkunde (Berlin, Germany). Thereafter, scaling equations were used to estimate the size of organ systems. In a second step it was tested whether the given data from photogrammetry could be brought in line with the results derived from the allometric equations. These findings are applied to possible ecological problems in the Upper Jurassic of Tendaguru/Tanzania.</p><p>Der Körpermasse eines Organismus werden oft allometrische Funktionen zugrunde gelegt, da von ihr viele physiologische Funktionen entscheidend abhängen. Dies sollte auch für ausgestorbene Organismen wie <i>Brachiosaurus brancai</i> und <i>Dicraeosaurus hansemanni</i>, zwei Sauropoden aus dem oberen Jura von Tendaguru/Tanzania in Ostafrika gelten. Da zu beiden Sauropoden nur sehr unterschiedliche Massenabschätzungen vorliegen, wurden die Körpermassen und Volumina von <i>Brachiosaurus brancai</i> und <i>Dicraeosaurus hansemanni</i> mit Hilfe der klassischen Photogrammetrie sowie einem neuentwickelten Laserscannerverfahren neu bestimmt. Basierend auf den so gemessenen Körpermassendaten wurden anschließend einige wichtige funktionell-morphologische Größen für eine paläophysiologische Rekonstruktion dieser Sauropoden mit Hilfe der Allometrie berechnet. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse sind u. a. wichtig für die Rekonstruktion eines Ökosystems im oberen Jura von Ostafrika.</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"2 1","pages":"91-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2012-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50860953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photogrammetric survey of dinosaur skeletons","authors":"Albert Wiedemann,&nbsp;Tim Suthau,&nbsp;Jörg Albertz","doi":"10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020108","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To derive physiological data of dinosaurs, it is necessary to determine the volume and the surface area of this animals. For this purpose, a detailed survey of reconstructed skeletons is required. The skeletons of three dinosaurs in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin and two skeletons in the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris have been surveyed using stereo photogrammetry. Two of the Berlin skeletons were also surveyed with the close range laser scanners of the Institut für Navigation of the Universität Stuttgart. Both data acquisition techniques require a geodetic control network as a geometric reference system. The surveying methods used, together with results of mathematical approaches for the determination of the volume and surface of the animals are presented in this paper.</p><p>Zur Herleitung physiologischer Daten der Dinosaurier ist es erforderlich, zunächst Volumen und Oberfläche ihres Körpers zu bestimmen. Dazu wurde eine detaillierte Vermessung rekonstruierter Skelette durchgeführt. Die Skelette dreier Saurier im Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin und zweier im Museum d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris wurden stereophotogrammetrisch vermessen. Bei zwei der Berliner Skelette wurden zusätzlich die Laserscanner des Instituts für Navigation der Universität Stuttgart eingesetzt. Beide Datenerfassungstechniken benötigen ein Paßpunktfeld als geometrisches Referenzsystem. Die verwendeten Vermessungsmethoden, die mathematischen Ansätze für die Berechnung von Volumina und Oberflächen und die Ergebnisse werden in diesem Aufsatz vorgestellt.</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"2 1","pages":"113-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2012-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50861010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review and palaeoecological analysis of the late Tremadocian – early Floian (Early Ordovician) cephalopod fauna of the Montagne Noire, France","authors":"Björn Kröger,&nbsp;David H. Evans","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201000013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201000013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Early Ordovician successions of the southern Montagne Noire consist of a thick sequence of predominantly siliciclastic sediments of which the late Tremadocian St. Chinian Formation and the earliest Floian La Maurerie Formation contain a comparatively rich and abundant cephalopod association. The cephalopods of the St. Chinian and La Maurerie Formation are interpreted as generally authochthonous, representing a fauna which originally lived in the open water above the sediments or related to the sea bottom. The cephalopod associations of the St. Chinian and La Maurerie formations are similar to other contemporaneous assemblages known from higher palaeolatitudes and associated with deeper depositional settings. They are composed almost exclusively of longiconic orthocones, in this case predominantly of eothinoceratids and baltocerids. The occurrences of <i>Annbactrocera</i>, and <i>Bactroceras</i> in the St. Chinian Formation are at present the earliest unambiguous reports of the Orthocerida. The available data suggest an initial expansion of orthoceroid cephalopod faunas from open water habitats of high paleo-latitudes, and a subsequent expansion on the carbonate platforms during the Floian. The presence of the eothinoceratid <i>Saloceras</i> in abundance demonstrates the Gondwanan affinity of the assemblage whilst adding further support for the presence of a ‘<i>Saloceras</i> realm’ that may have extended along the margins of East and West Gondwana at least into intermediate latitudes. The following new taxa are proposed: <i>Annbactroceras</i> n. gen., <i>Annbactroceras felinense</i> n. sp., <i>Cyclostomiceras thorali</i> n. sp., <i>Felinoceras</i> n. gen., <i>Felinoceras constrictum</i> n. sp., <i>Lobendoceras undulatum</i> n. sp., Rioceratidae n. fam., <i>Saloceras murvielense</i> n. sp., <i>Thoraloceras</i> n. gen., <i>Thoraloceras bactroceroides</i> n. sp. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"14 1","pages":"5-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201000013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass concentration of Hirnantian cephalopods from the Siljan District, Sweden; taxonomy, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeographic relationships","authors":"Björn Kröger,&nbsp;Jan Ove R. Ebbestad,&nbsp;Annette E. S. Högström,&nbsp;Åsa M. Frisk","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201000014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201000014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Hirnantian Glisstjärn Formation (<i>Normalograptus persculptus</i> graptolite Biozone) is a succession of limestones and shales onlapping the Katian Boda Limestone in the Siljan District, Sweden. It contains a conspicuous, up to several decimeter thick bed densely packed with bipolarly oriented, orthoconic cephalopod conchs that can reach lengths of more than 120 cm. Conch fragmentation, bioereosion and the generally poor preservation of the conchs indicate time averaging and the conchs are tentatively interpreted as beached, and a result of winnowing. Ten nautiloid species were collected from the Glisstjärn Formation of which five are new: <i>Dawsonoceras gregarium</i> n. sp., <i>Discoceras siljanense</i> n. sp., <i>Isorthoceras dalecarlense</i> n. sp., <i>Retizitteloceras rarum</i> gen. et sp. n., and <i>Transorthoceras osmundsbergense</i> gen. et sp. n. The non-endemic taxa in most cases are known from elsewhere in Baltoscandia, except one species which is known from Siberia, and North America respectively. Proteocerid orthoceridans dominate the association, of which <i>T. osmundsbergense</i> is the predominant species. Oncocerids are diverse but together with tarphycerids very rare. Notable is the lack of many higher taxa, that are typical for other Late Ordovician shallow water depositional settings. Based on the taxonomical composition of the cephalopod mass occurrence it is interpreted as an indicator of eutrophication of the water masses in the area. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"14 1","pages":"35-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201000014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal patterns in disparity and diversity of the Jurassic ammonoids of southern Germany","authors":"Marc S. Simon,&nbsp;Dieter Korn,&nbsp;Stefan Koenemann","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201000016","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201000016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A morphometric analysis of the characteristic whorl cross-sections of 1,200 Jurassic ammonoid species from southern Germany enabled us to characterise their morphospace. The successive Jurassic ammonoid faunas of southern Germany show characteristic patterns in morphospace occupation. While Early and Middle Jurassic ammonoids occupy limited areas of the morphospace range, the Late Jurassic ammonoids cover the entire spectrum. The ammonoids are characterised by an overall increase of both taxonomic diversity and morphological disparity in the course of the Jurassic. Strong fluctuations occur until the middle Late Jurassic, followed by a diversity decrease in the early Kimmeridgian and a disparity reduction in the early Tithonian. While diversity and disparity show similar progression during most of the Early Jurassic, they diverge subsequently and show only poor correlation until the end of the Jurassic. Particularly in the Middle Jurassic diversity and sea level changes correlate strongly. Neither temporal patterns in diversity nor disparity support the hypothesis of a mass extinction event in the early Toarcian. Significant changes in diversity and disparity in the early Callovian support a putative migration event of Boreal ammonoids into the Tethyan realm. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"14 1","pages":"77-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201000016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of Late Permian – Jurassic radiolarian extinction rates: no evidence for an end-Triassic mass extinction","authors":"Wolfgang Kiessling,&nbsp;Taniel Danelian","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201000017","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201000017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The hypothesis that ocean acidification was a proximate trigger of the marine end-Triassic mass extinction rests on the assumption that taxa that strongly invest in the secretion of calcium-carbonate skeletons were significantly more affected by the crisis than other taxa. An argument against this hypothesis is the great extinction toll of radiolarians that has been reported from work on local sections. Radiolarians have siliceous tests and thus should be less affected by ocean acidification. We compiled taxonomically vetted occurrences of late Permian and Mesozoic radiolarians and analyzed extinction dynamics of radiolarian genera. Although extinction rates were high at the end of the Triassic, there is no evidence for a mass extinction in radiolarians but rather significantly higher background extinction in the Triassic than in the Jurassic. Although the causes for this decline in background extinction levels remain unclear, the lack of a major evolutionary response to the end-Triassic event, gives support for the hypothesis that ocean acidification was involved in the dramatic extinctions of many calcifying taxa. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"14 1","pages":"95-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201000017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The late Middle Devonian fauna of Red Hill I, Nevada, and its paleobiogeographic implications","authors":"Hans-Peter Schultze","doi":"10.1002/mmng.201000001","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mmng.201000001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fauna of the Middle Devonian Red Hill I locality, Nevada, is unusual in the co-occurrence of a rich fish assemblage with a rich invertebrate one. Sponges are second in abundance of specimens and number of species only to the fishes and occur together with other invertebrates (conodonts, conulariids, dacryoconarid tentaculites, gastropods, bivalves, brachiopods, arthropods, and unidentifiable ammonoids and echinoderms). The invertebrates indicate a marine depositional paleoenvironment. The conodonts indicate a placement within the lower <i>disparalis</i> Zone, late Givetian. The fish assemblage is dominated by the antiarch <i>Asterolepis</i>. All the other fishes, acanthodians, actinopterygians and sarcopterygians, are less common. The closest biogeographic relationship of the fish fauna is with the Middle/Late Devonian fish fauna of the Baltic Region, followed by that of eastern Canada (Miguasha), Scotland and Iran. This distribution corresponds to the Devonian Euramerica faunal province with connection to eastern Gondwana (Iran and Australia). Localities with the same genera as Red Hill I are interpreted as marine with the exception of the Scottish localities. <i>Asterolepis</i> is the most widely distributed vertebrate genus, mostly marine, but it may be able to enter freshwater like <i>Eusthenopteron</i> if one accepts a freshwater depositional paleoenvironment for the Scottish localities. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</p>","PeriodicalId":55147,"journal":{"name":"Fossil Record","volume":"13 2","pages":"285-295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2010-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/mmng.201000001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50863063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}