Foundations of Science最新文献_第4页

Subjectness of Intelligence: Quantum-Theoretic Analysis and Ethical Perspective 智能的主体性：量子理论分析与伦理视角

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Foundations of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-024-09947-y

{"title":"Subjectness of Intelligence: Quantum-Theoretic Analysis and Ethical Perspective","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10699-024-09947-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-024-09947-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> Recent developments in artificial intelligence urge clarification of its ethical and legal status. The issue revolves around the concept of subjectness, distinguishing active and responsible conduct from inert performance. We analyze this notion from a physical viewpoint, building on the quantum-theoretic refinement of the concept of uncertainty into quantum and classical types: quantum uncertainty refers to an objective freedom to construct the future, while classical uncertainty denotes subjective ignorance of present states of nature. Subjectness of intelligence is then defined by the kind of uncertainty it is capable to resolve. To analyze different aspects of intelligence, quantum-inspired definitions of decision, subjectness, originality, and meaning are introduced on this basis. These concepts are first calibrated on natural intelligence and then applied to artificial systems, classified as classical and quantum. Classical AI then appears fundamentally alien to subjectness due to its algorithmic nature, limited to the resolution of classical uncertainty. Quantum AI, in contrast, breaks this limit by hosting some degree of proto-subjectness on the level of elementary particles, involved in its operation. Fundamentally, our approach tracks alternative views on subjectness of intelligence to the interpretations of quantum randomness, identifying both as different sides of the same ethical dilemma. Quantum physics then provides fertile ground for possible solutions, aligned with Eastern and Western views on freedom and constraint, subject and context in social life. These results offer a scientific approach to the controversial challenges of socio-technological development, integrating physical and humanitarian perspectives.","PeriodicalId":55146,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140533194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of the Social Function and Value Realization of Art in the New Era 新时代艺术的社会功能与价值实现分析

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Foundations of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-024-09939-y

Yu Hu, Yu Zhou

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Methodological Foundation of A Systemic Approach in Grey Systems Theory 探索灰色系统理论中系统方法的方法论基础

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Foundations of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-024-09945-0

Rafał Mierzwiak

引用次数: 0

My Discussions of Quantum Foundations with John Stewart Bell 我与约翰-斯图尔特-贝尔关于量子基础的讨论

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Foundations of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-024-09946-z

Marian Kupczynski

{"title":"My Discussions of Quantum Foundations with John Stewart Bell","authors":"Marian Kupczynski","doi":"10.1007/s10699-024-09946-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-024-09946-z","url":null,"abstract":"In 1976, I met John Bell several times in CERN and we talked about a possible violation of optical theorem, purity tests, EPR paradox, Bell’s inequalities and their violation. In this review, I resume our discussions, and explain how they were related to my earlier research. I also reproduce handwritten notes, which I gave to Bell during our first meeting and a handwritten letter he sent to me in 1982. We have never met again, but I have continued to discuss BI-CHSH inequalities and their violation in several papers. The research stimulated by Bell’s papers and experiments performed to check his inequalities led to several important applications of quantum entanglement in quantum information and quantum technologies. Unfortunately, it led also to extraordinary metaphysical claims and speculations which in our opinion John Bell would not endorse today. BI-CHSH inequalities are violated in physics and in cognitive science, but it neither proved the completeness of quantum mechanics nor its nonlocality. Quantum computing advantage is not due to some magical instantaneous influences between distant physical systems. Therefore one has to be cautious in drawing-far-reaching philosophical conclusions from Bell’s inequalities. The true resource for quantum computing is contextuality and not nonlocality.","PeriodicalId":55146,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140196172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mathematics and Experience 数学与经验

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Foundations of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-024-09943-2

引用次数: 0

Using Pictorial Representations as Story-Telling 用图像表述讲故事

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Foundations of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-024-09944-1

Sim-Hui Tee

引用次数: 0

The Intersection of Knowledge Management, the Jacobi Method, and Operational Research: A Paradigmatic Example of Serendipity 知识管理、雅可比方法和运筹学的交叉：偶然性的范例

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Foundations of Science Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-024-09942-3

F. D. de la Peña, D. Lizcano, J. Pazos, P. Smith

引用次数: 0

Is it Possible to Empirically Test a Metatheory? 用经验检验元理论可行吗？

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Foundations of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-024-09938-z

Ariel Jonathan Roffé, José Díez

引用次数: 0

Being Perspectivist on Information System Ontologies 对信息系统本体论持透视主义态度

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Foundations of Science Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-024-09941-4

Timothy Tambassi

{"title":"Being Perspectivist on Information System Ontologies","authors":"Timothy Tambassi","doi":"10.1007/s10699-024-09941-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-024-09941-4","url":null,"abstract":"Insofar as disagreement may in principle regard most of (maybe all) facets of information system ontologies’ [ISOs] debate, it may also produce a plurality of views – sometimes inconsistent with each other – on ISOs’ development and design. This paper analyzes a view that makes the recognition of – and provides a theoretical foundation for – such a plurality of views a trademark: perspectivism (on ISOs). The aim is to show what exactly endorsing perspectivism consists of, and how perspectivism differs from different, competing views. Section 2 introduces the main claims of perspectivism, and remarks that perspectivism mainly deals with ISOs’ development and design. As for ISOs’ development, Sect. 3 considers domain’s partition and systematization, by distinguishing perspectivism from realism and relativism. Section 3 also shows that perspectivism implies some sort of variantism on ISOs’ representational primitives, about which perspectivism may not differ from its rivals. As for the ISOs’ design, Sect. 4 points out that despite perspectivism grants the possibility to use any procedural approach, principle, and ontological language, it is not committed to uphold that all those approaches, principles, and languages are legitimate. Finally, Sect. 5 focuses on both perspectivism’s weaknesses and (theoretical) contribution to ISOs’ debate.","PeriodicalId":55146,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139750390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grounding the Selectionist Explanation for the Success of Science in the External Physical World. 科学在外部物理世界中成功的选择论解释

IF 0.9 4区哲学

Foundations of Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-023-09907-y

Ragnar van der Merwe

{"title":"Grounding the Selectionist Explanation for the Success of Science in the External Physical World.","authors":"Ragnar van der Merwe","doi":"10.1007/s10699-023-09907-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10699-023-09907-y","url":null,"abstract":"I identify two versions of the scientific anti-realist's selectionist explanation for the success of science: Bas van Fraassen's original and K. Brad Wray's newer interpretation. In Wray's version, psycho-social factors internal to the scientific community - viz. scientists' interests, goals, and preferences - explain the theory-selection practices that explain theory-success. I argue that, if Wray's version were correct, then science should resemble art. In art, the artwork-selection practices that explain artwork-success appear faddish. They are prone to radical change over time. Theory-selection practices that explain theory-success in science are however not faddish. They are mostly stable; that is, long-lived and consistent over time. This is because scientists (explicitly or implicitly) subscribe to what I will call the testability norm: scientific theories must make falsifiable claims about the external physical world. The testability norm and not psycho-sociology explains the theory-selection practices that explain theory-success in science. Contra Wray, scientific anti-realists can then maintain that the external physical world (as expressed in the testability norm) explains theory-success.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10699-023-09907-y.","PeriodicalId":55146,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Science","volume":" ","pages":"885-904"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45482584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0