Frontiers in Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Sex differences in foraging ecology of a zooplanktivorous little auk Alle alle during the pre-laying period: insights from remote sensing and animal-tracking","authors":"Dariusz Jakubas, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Lech Marek Iliszko","doi":"10.1186/s12983-024-00534-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-024-00534-2","url":null,"abstract":"Energy and time allocation in seabirds differ between consecutive stages of breeding given various requirements of particular phases of the reproductive period. Theses allocations may also be sex-specific considering differential energetic or nutritional requirements of males and females and/or sexual segregation in foraging niches and/or areas. In this study we investigated the foraging ecology of an Arctic, zooplanktivorous seabird, the little auk Alle alle during the pre-laying period using remote sensing of the environment and GPS-TDR loggers deployed on birds. We compared foraging trips range and habitats of birds with other stages of the breeding period and between sexes. We found that little auks during the pre-laying period foraged exclusively in cold sea surface temperature zones (with temperatures < 5 ºC) but in various sea depth zones. They dived to similar depths ranging from -4.0 to -10.9 m, exploring various thermal microhabitats (with mean temperatures values ranging from 2.2 °C in Shelf sea depth zone to 5.9 °C in Deep sea depth zone). The majority of foraging trips and dives characteristics were similar to subsequent phases of breeding. However, home ranges during the pre-laying trips were wider compared to the incubation period. As expected, females exhibited wider foraging niches compared to males (wider range of sea surface temperature and sea depth in foraging locations), which could be explained by sex specific energetic and/or nutritional requirements (females producing an egg). We also delineated local foraging areas important for little auks during their whole breeding season. Protection of these areas is crucial for sustaining the local marine biodiversity. We found that little auks females during the pre-laying period explored wider foraging niches compared to males. These differences may be attributed to sex-specific nutritional or/and energetical constraints at this stage of breeding. The results of this study also emphasize the importance of shelf Arctic-type water masses as the foraging areas for little auks during successive stages of breeding.","PeriodicalId":55142,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Zoology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140603631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What frog gill resorption brings: loss of function, cell death, and metabolic reorganization","authors":"Liming Chang, Wei Zhu, Jianping Jiang","doi":"10.1186/s12983-024-00532-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-024-00532-4","url":null,"abstract":"Anuran metamorphosis, which is driven by thyroid hormone (TH)-mediated processes, orchestrates intricate morphological and functional transformations for the transition from aquatic tadpoles to terrestrial life, providing a valuable model for studying organ functionalization, remodeling, and regression. Larva-specific organ regression is one of the most striking phenomena observed during the anuran metamorphic climax. While previous studies extensively analyzed the regression mechanisms of the tail, the molecular processes governing gill resorption remain elusive. We employed Microhyla fissipes as a model, and utilized a comprehensive approach involving histological analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and transcriptomics to unravel gill development and resorption. The pro-metamorphic stages revealed highly developed gill structures, emphasizing their crucial role as the primary respiratory organ for tadpoles. The transcriptomic analysis highlighted the upregulation of genes associated with enhanced respiratory efficiency, such as hemoglobin and mucins. However, as metamorphosis progressed, gill filaments underwent shrinkage, decreases in blood vessel density, and structural changes that signified a decline in respiratory function. The molecular mechanisms driving gill resorption involved the TH pathway—in particular, the upregulation of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) β, genes associated with the tumor necrosis factor pathway and matrix metalloproteinases. Two distinct pathways orchestrate gill resorption, involving apoptosis directly induced by TH and cell death through the degradation of the extracellular matrix. In addition, metabolic reorganization during metamorphosis is a complex process, with tadpoles adapting their feeding behavior and mobilizing energy storage organs. The gills, which were previously overlooked, have been unveiled as potential energy storage organs that undergo metabolic reorganization. The transcriptomic analysis revealed dynamic changes in metabolism-related genes, indicating decreased protein synthesis and energy production and enhanced substrate transport and metabolism during metamorphic climax. This study sheds light on the structural, molecular, and metabolic dynamics during gill development and resorption in M. fissipes. The findings deepen our understanding of the intricate mechanisms governing organ regression and underscore the pivotal role of the gills in facilitating the transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitats.","PeriodicalId":55142,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Zoology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140557220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine-grained image classification on bats using VGG16-CBAM: a practical example with 7 horseshoe bats taxa (CHIROPTERA: Rhinolophidae: Rhinolophus) from Southern China.","authors":"Zhong Cao, Kunhui Wang, Jiawei Wen, Chuxian Li, Yi Wu, Xiaoyun Wang, Wenhua Yu","doi":"10.1186/s12983-024-00531-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12983-024-00531-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rapid identification and classification of bats are critical for practical applications. However, species identification of bats is a typically detrimental and time-consuming manual task that depends on taxonomists and well-trained experts. Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) provide a practical approach for the extraction of the visual features and classification of objects, with potential application for bat classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we investigated the capability of deep learning models to classify 7 horseshoe bat taxa (CHIROPTERA: Rhinolophus) from Southern China. We constructed an image dataset of 879 front, oblique, and lateral targeted facial images of live individuals collected during surveys between 2012 and 2021. All images were taken using a standard photograph protocol and setting aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of the DCNNs classification. The results demonstrated that our customized VGG16-CBAM model achieved up to 92.15% classification accuracy with better performance than other mainstream models. Furthermore, the Grad-CAM visualization reveals that the model pays more attention to the taxonomic key regions in the decision-making process, and these regions are often preferred by bat taxonomists for the classification of horseshoe bats, corroborating the validity of our methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our finding will inspire further research on image-based automatic classification of chiropteran species for early detection and potential application in taxonomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55142,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Zoology","volume":"21 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10983684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular analysis of scats revealed diet and prey choice of grey wolves and Eurasian lynx in the contact zone between the Dinaric Mountains and the Alps.","authors":"Elena Buzan, Hubert Potočnik, Boštjan Pokorny, Sandra Potušek, Laura Iacolina, Urška Gerič, Felicita Urzi, Ivan Kos","doi":"10.1186/s12983-024-00530-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12983-024-00530-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A comprehensive understanding of the dietary habits of carnivores is essential to get ecological insights into their role in the ecosystem, potential competition with other carnivorous species, and their effect on prey populations. Genetic analysis of non-invasive samples, such as scats, can supplement behavioural or microscopic diet investigations. The objective of this study was to employ DNA metabarcoding to accurately determine the prey species in grey wolf (Canis lupus) and Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) scat samples collected in the Julian Alps and the Dinaric Mountains, Slovenia. The primary prey of wolves were red deer (Cervus elaphus) (detected in 96% scat samples), European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) (68%), and wild boar (Sus scrofa) (45%). A smaller portion of their diet consisted of mesocarnivores, small mammals, and domestic animals. In contrast, the lynx diet mostly consisted of European roe deer (82%) and red deer (64%). However, small mammals and domestic animals were also present in lynx diet, albeit to a lesser extent. Our findings indicate that the dietary habits of wolves and lynx are influenced by geographical location. Snapshot dietary analyses using metabarcoding are valuable for comprehending the behaviour and ecology of predators, and for devising conservation measures aimed at sustainable management of both their natural habitats and prey populations. However, to gain a more detailed understanding of wolf and lynx dietary habits and ecological impact, it would be essential to conduct long-term genetic monitoring of their diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":55142,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Zoology","volume":"21 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10949697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated single cell reference atlas for the starlet anemone Nematostella vectensis","authors":"Alison G. Cole, Julia Steger, Julia Hagauer, Andreas Denner, Patricio Ferrer Murguia, Paul Knabl, Sanjay Narayanaswamy, Brittney Wick, Juan D. Montenegro, Ulrich Technau","doi":"10.1186/s12983-024-00529-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-024-00529-z","url":null,"abstract":"The recent combination of genomics and single cell transcriptomics has allowed to assess a variety of non-conventional model organisms in much more depth. Single cell transcriptomes can uncover hidden cellular complexity and cell lineage relationships within organisms. The recent developmental cell atlases of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, a representative of the basally branching Cnidaria, has provided new insights into the development of all cell types (Steger et al Cell Rep 40(12):111370, 2022; Sebé-Pedrós et al. Cell 173(6):1520–1534.e20). However, the mapping of the single cell reads still suffers from relatively poor gene annotations and a draft genome consisting of many scaffolds. Here we present a new wildtype resource of the developmental single cell atlas, by re-mapping of sequence data first published in Steger et al. (2022) and Cole et al. (Nat Commun 14(1):1747, 2023), to the new chromosome-level genome assembly and corresponding gene models in Zimmermann et al. (Nat Commun 14, 8270 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44080-7 ). We expand the pre-existing dataset through the incorporation of additional sequence data derived from the capture and sequencing of cell suspensions from four additional samples: 24 h gastrula, 2d planula, an inter-parietal region of the bodywall from a young unsexed animal, and another adult mesentery from a mature male animal. Our analyses of the full cell-state inventory provide transcriptomic signatures for 127 distinct cell states, of which 47 correspond to neuroglandular subtypes. We also identify two distinct putatively immune-related transcriptomic profiles that segregate between the inner and outer cell layers. Furthermore, the new gene annotation Nv2 has markedly improved the mapping on the single cell transcriptome data and will therefore be of great value for the community and anyone using the dataset.","PeriodicalId":55142,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Zoology","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140146019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obituary: Claus Nielsen 1938–2024","authors":"Jürgen Heinze, Ulrich Technau","doi":"10.1186/s12983-024-00528-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-024-00528-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Few scholars have left a deep and remaining influence on generations of zoologists. One of them is certainly Claus Nielsen, who recently passed away at the age of 85 years. Claus Nielsen was on the editorial board of Frontiers in Zoology, the journal of the German Zoological Society, for the last 20 years, since 2003. On behalf of the whole Editorial board and the publisher team, we would like to acknowledge the many years of commitment of Claus to our journal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Claus was born in Copenhagen in 1938, and has for almost all his life studied and worked in Copenhagen. He obtained his Dr. Phil. in 1972 at the University of Copenhagen with a work on entoprocts, for which he became one of the world specialists. After several years of working as a lecturer and Associate Professor at the Zoological Museum in Copenhagen and the University of Copenhagen, he became Professor of Evolutionary Invertebrate Embryology in 2005. At the Zoological Museum, he served as a curator of entoprocts, ectoprocts, phoronids, brachiopods, pterobranchs, enteropneusts as well as later of urochordates and echinoderms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Claus Nielsen had a world-wide recognition as an expert of marine invertebrates, with a strong interest in ciliary larvae, their evolutionary origin and relationships. Based on his thorough knowledge on all developmental forms of marine invertebrates, he was convinced that the common ancestor of Bilateria evolved from such ciliary larvae. His book “Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla” published by Oxford University Press in 1995 was a guide and standard textbook for many evolutionary biologists and zoologists for several decades and remains influential up to this day. Claus received many honors, among them the prestigious Alexander Kovalevsky medal of the St. Petersburg Society of Naturalists (2001). In 2006 he became a foreign member of the Linnean Society of London and received the Linnean Medal for Zoology in 2015. He was an honorary member of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology and of the International Society for Invertebrate Morphology. He served in many academic committees and review panels. What is more, he was a fantastic, inspiring teacher in numerous field courses at marine stations, where his enthusiasm and witty charm has inspired and motivated generations of students. I also witnessed his tireless fascination and love for marine organisms, as well as his humor in practical courses taught to international Ph.D. students at the Marine station in Kristineberg, Sweden. His spirit, his scholarship and his friendly nature will be missed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Authors and Affiliations&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;LS Zoologie/Evolutionsbiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jürgen Heinze&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Department for Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, Division of Molecular Evolution and Development, Research Platform Single Cell Regulation of Stem Cells, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, A","PeriodicalId":55142,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Zoology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140104796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rediscovering the unusual, solitary bryozoan Monobryozoon ambulans Remane, 1936: first molecular and new morphological data clarify its phylogenetic position","authors":"Thomas Schwaha, Sebastian H. Decker, Christian Baranyi, Ahmed J. Saadi","doi":"10.1186/s12983-024-00527-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-024-00527-1","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most peculiar groups of the mostly colonial phylum Bryozoa is the taxon Monobryozoon, whose name already implies non-colonial members of the phylum. Its peculiarity and highly unusual lifestyle as a meiobenthic clade living on sand grains has fascinated many biologists. In particular its systematic relationship to other bryozoans remains a mystery. Despite numerous searches for M. ambulans in its type locality Helgoland, a locality with a long-lasting marine station and tradition of numerous courses and workshops, it has never been reencountered until today. Here we report the first observations of this almost mythical species, Monobryozoon ambulans. For the first time since 1938, we present new modern, morphological analyses of this species as well as the first ever molecular data. Our detailed morphological analysis confirms most previous descriptions, but also ascertains the presence of special ambulatory polymorphic zooids. We consider these as bud anlagen that ultimately consecutively separate from the animal rendering it pseudo-colonial. The remaining morphological data show strong ties to alcyonidioidean ctenostome bryozoans. Our morphological data is in accordance with the phylogenomic analysis, which clusters it with species of Alcyonidium as a sister group to multiporate ctenostomes. Divergence time estimation and ancestral state reconstruction recover the solitary state of M. ambulans as a derived character that probably evolved in the Late Cretaceous. In this study, we also provide the entire mitogenome of M. ambulans, which—despite the momentary lack of comparable data—provides important data of a unique and rare species for comparative aspects in the future. We were able to provide first sequence data and modern morphological data for the unique bryozoan, M. ambulans, which are both supporting an alcyonidioidean relationship within ctenostome bryozoans.","PeriodicalId":55142,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Zoology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140032200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Support for a radiation of free-living flatworms in the African Great Lakes region and the description of five new Macrostomum species","authors":"Jeremias N. Brand","doi":"10.1186/s12983-024-00526-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-024-00526-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Correction: Frontiers in Zoology (2023) 20:31&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-023-00509-9&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in the spelling of a species name.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Based on the taxonomic code of zoology (https://code.iczn.org/formation-and-treatment-of-names/article-32-original-spellings), the species name “Macrostomum schäreri” in the article should be corrected to “Macrostomum schareri”.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The original article [1] has been updated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol data-track-component=\"outbound reference\"&gt;&lt;li data-counter=\"1.\"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brand JN. Support for a radiation of free-living flatworms in the African Great Lakes region and the description of five new &lt;i&gt;Macrostomum&lt;/i&gt; species. Front Zool. 2023;20:31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-023-00509-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;Download references&lt;svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"&gt;&lt;use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-download-medium\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"&gt;&lt;/use&gt;&lt;/svg&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Authors and Affiliations&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, Basel, 4051, Switzerland&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jeremias N. Brand&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Department of Tissue Dynamics and Regeneration, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jeremias N. Brand&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;span&gt;Authors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;Jeremias N. Brand&lt;/span&gt;View author publications&lt;p&gt;You can also search for this author in &lt;span&gt;PubMed&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Google Scholar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Corresponding author&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Correspondence to Jeremias N. Brand.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Publisher's Note&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Open Access&lt;/b&gt; This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;Reprints and permissions&lt;/p&gt;&lt;img alt=\"Check for updates. ","PeriodicalId":55142,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Zoology","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fat accumulation in striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) reflects the temperature of prior cold acclimation","authors":"Kaiyuan Zhang, Jing Cao, Zhijun Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s12983-024-00523-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12983-024-00523-5","url":null,"abstract":"Proper adjustments of metabolic thermogenesis play an important role in thermoregulation in endotherm to cope with cold and/or warm ambient temperatures, however its roles in energy balance and fat accumulation remain uncertain. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of previous cold exposure (10 and 0 °C) on the energy budgets and fat accumulation in the striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) in response to warm acclimation. The body mass, energy intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), serum thyroid hormone levels (THs: T3 and T4), and the activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT), indicated by cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) expression, were measured following exposure to the cold (10 °C and 0 °C) and transition to the warm temperature (30 °C). The hamsters at 10 °C and 0 °C showed significant increases in energy intake, RMR and NST, and a considerable reduction in body fat than their counterparts kept at 21 °C. After being transferred from cold to warm temperature, the hamsters consumed less food, and decreased RMR and NST, but they significantly increased body fat content. Interestingly, the hamsters that were previously exposed to the colder temperature showed significantly more fat accumulation after transition to the warm. Serum T3 levels, BAT COX activity and ucp1 mRNA expression were significantly increased following cold exposure, and were considerably decreased after transition to the warm. Furthermore, body fat content was negatively correlated with serum T3 levels, BAT COX activity and UCP1 expression. The data suggest that the positive energy balance resulting from the decreased RMR and NST in BAT under the transition from the cold to the warm plays important roles in inducing fat accumulation. The extent of fat accumulation in the warm appears to reflect the temperature of the previous cold acclimation.","PeriodicalId":55142,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Zoology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139728012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in spatial niche of terrestrial mammals when facing extreme snowfall: the case in east Asian forests.","authors":"Hiroto Enari, Haruka S Enari, Tatsuhito Sekiguchi, Motohisa Tanaka, Sohsuke Suzuki","doi":"10.1186/s12983-024-00522-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12983-024-00522-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent climate changes have produced extreme climate events. This study focused on extreme snowfall and intended to discuss the vulnerability of temperate mammals against it through interspecies comparisons of spatial niches in northern Japan. We constructed niche models for seven non-hibernating species through wide-scaled snow tracking on skis, whose total survey length was 1144 km.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We detected a low correlation (r_s < 0.4) between most pairs of species niches, indicating that most species possessed different overwintering tactics. A morphological advantage in locomotion cost on snow did not always expand niche breadth. In contrast, a spatial niche could respond to (1) drastic landscape change by a diminishing understory due to snow, possibly leading to changes in predator-prey interactions, and (2) the mass of cold air, affecting thermoregulatory cost and food accessibility. When extraordinary snowfall occurred, the nonarboreal species with larger body sizes could niche shift, whereas the smaller-sized or semi-arboreal mammals did not. In addition, compared to omnivores, herbivores were prone to severe restriction of niche breadth due to a reduction in food accessibility under extreme climates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dietary habits and body size could determine the redundancy of niche width, which may govern robustness/vulnerability to extreme snowfall events.</p>","PeriodicalId":55142,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Zoology","volume":"21 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10832220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139652238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}