Geoarchaeology-An International Journal最新文献_第9页

Coastal archaeological site visibility problems and underwater prospects in the Northern Lake Superior Basin 北苏必利尔湖盆地沿海考古遗址能见度问题和水下前景

IF 1.7 3区地球科学

Geoarchaeology-An International Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21979

Matthew Boyd

{"title":"Coastal archaeological site visibility problems and underwater prospects in the Northern Lake Superior Basin","authors":"Matthew Boyd","doi":"10.1002/gea.21979","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21979","url":null,"abstract":"The early to middle Holocene was marked by considerable variability in lake levels in the Lake Superior Basin due to a combination of meltwater runoff, isostatic adjustment, shifting glacial margins, and climate change. These processes likely had a large impact on the preservation and visibility of coastal archaeological sites dating from the Early Period (Paleoindian) to the Middle Period (Shield Archaic). Of particular interest is the brief interval after 9300 cal. B.P. when ancestral Lake Superior dropped to its lowest level (Houghton) and human populations may have made incursions deeper into the basin. Elsewhere in the Upper Great Lakes, this period is associated with offshore archaeological sites submerged by rising water levels later in the Holocene. New geological data from the Thunder Bay, ON, region yield exceptional insight into the paleohydrology of the Houghton phase and, hence, the underwater archaeological prospects of this low water phase in the northern Lake Superior Basin. These data indicate that the lake reached its lowest level by at least ~9100 cal. B.P. but was highly unstable, at least initially, due to a combination of climate and meltwater runoff. Early underwater sites may be confined to two short, hydrologically closed, lowstands between ~9100 and 8700 cal. B.P. and would have been impacted by at least one lake transgression. Such sites, however, may still hold better potential for organic preservation and the visibility of large cultural features compared to their terrestrial counterparts. Coastal sites occupied when the lake was hydrologically closed may be especially well-preserved due to rapid inundation before the gradual, and generally erosional, Nipissing transgression occurred.","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"3-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21979","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Paleoecological data complete historical and archaeological archives: Human–environment nexus at the fluvio maritime city port of Chilia (Licostomo; Northern Danube delta) since the 14th century 古生态数据完整的历史和考古档案:智利沿海城市港口的人-环境关系(利科斯托莫);多瑙河三角洲北部)自14世纪以来

IF 1.7 3区地球科学

Geoarchaeology-An International Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21975

Luminița Preoteasa, Diana Hanganu, Anca Dan, Gabriela Florescu, Gabriela Sava, Daniela Pascal, Mihaela Dobre, Dan Olteanu, Laurențiu Țuțuianu, Aurel Stănică, Alfred Vespremeanu-Stroe

{"title":"Paleoecological data complete historical and archaeological archives: Human–environment nexus at the fluvio maritime city port of Chilia (Licostomo; Northern Danube delta) since the 14th century","authors":"Luminița Preoteasa, Diana Hanganu, Anca Dan, Gabriela Florescu, Gabriela Sava, Daniela Pascal, Mihaela Dobre, Dan Olteanu, Laurențiu Țuțuianu, Aurel Stănică, Alfred Vespremeanu-Stroe","doi":"10.1002/gea.21975","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21975","url":null,"abstract":"This study reconstructs the paleoecological settings of Chilia/Licostomo, the most important Genoese colony in the Danube delta. Our paleoenvironmental data (i.e., sedimentology, pollen, charcoal, radiocarbon ages) corroborate historical and archaeological information over the last seven centuries to document the habitation at Chilia and its military and socioeconomic activity during ca. 14th–19th centuries A.D. Palynological data show the continuous presence of humans, with anthropogenic pollen index calculation (API) values between 2% and 16% during the last five centuries. The variability of API, corroborated with the major peaks of the charcoal concentration, matches the documented military conflicts and population changes in the area: the Ottoman conquest of Dobrugea (15th century A.D.), the Zaporozhians Cossaks raids (17th century A.D.), and the Russian–Ottoman wars (18th–19th centuries A.D.). The presence of coprophilous fungi fits the Ottoman tradition of animal husbandry, whereas their appearance after the Zaporozhians Cossacks raids and their good correlation with open land vegetation suggest that the Chilia loess island was temporally used as a refuge from multiple menaces (e.g., wars, administrative crisis). These paleoecological data, together with the rare archaeological findings, exclude human habitation of the Chilia Plain earlier than the documented arrival of the Lipovans during the late 18th century A.D. The critical assessment of the correspondences between the paleoecological and historical data shows the relevance of the approach in deltaic environments, when applied to lagoon/lacustrine sediments, yet often limited to chronologically disparate, decennial- to multicentennial-scale temporal frameworks.","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 6","pages":"786-803"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47105860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Infrared spectra of mixtures of heated and unheated clay: Solving an interpretational conundrum 加热和未加热粘土混合物的红外光谱:解决一个解释难题

IF 1.7 3区地球科学

Geoarchaeology-An International Journal Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21976

Isaac Ogloblin Ramirez, Zachary C. Dunseth, Dina Shalem, Ruth Shahack-Gross

{"title":"Infrared spectra of mixtures of heated and unheated clay: Solving an interpretational conundrum","authors":"Isaac Ogloblin Ramirez, Zachary C. Dunseth, Dina Shalem, Ruth Shahack-Gross","doi":"10.1002/gea.21976","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21976","url":null,"abstract":"Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is frequently used for archaeological studies related to fire, allowing, among other things, researchers to distinguish between unheated and heated clay minerals. However, heat signatures are not always clear-cut in infrared spectra of bulk sediments, as spectra occasionally appear with ambiguous absorbance bands attributed to hydroxyl (OH) in clay minerals. This paper presents an experimental study addressing this interpretational problem by considering the effect of mixtures of heated and unheated clay, a phenomenon expected in archaeological sites. After creating experimental mixtures and testing them using bulk FTIR spectroscopy, our results indicate that even a relatively small amount of unheated clay—only ca. 5%–10% mixed into a fully heated deposit—will result in ambiguous infrared spectra that are difficult to interpret. For comparison, ambiguous bulk FTIR spectra from two archaeological contexts—an ashy fill within a pit installation and a hearth—were studied with FTIR microspectroscopy, which demonstrated the presence of unheated clay within a largely heated deposit. Micromorphological observations explain the mixed nature of the investigated archaeological contexts, in this case, primarily via bioturbation. Our results thus emphasize the importance of microcontextual analysis of clay minerals. Furthermore, these results indicate that heated deposits are likely missed altogether in some archaeological contexts where only bulk FTIR analyses have been conducted.","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 6","pages":"822-829"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21976","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43651013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The use of OBIA and petrography in the study of stone masonry: The case of La Palma, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta OBIA和岩石学在石质砌筑研究中的应用:以圣玛尔塔内华达山脉拉帕尔马为例

IF 1.7 3区地球科学

Geoarchaeology-An International Journal Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21974

Daniel Rodríguez Osorio, Marion Weber Scharff, Dayan Danilo Izurieta, Andrés Agudelo Bermúdez, Jonathan Renjifo, Joseph Knight

{"title":"The use of OBIA and petrography in the study of stone masonry: The case of La Palma, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta","authors":"Daniel Rodríguez Osorio, Marion Weber Scharff, Dayan Danilo Izurieta, Andrés Agudelo Bermúdez, Jonathan Renjifo, Joseph Knight","doi":"10.1002/gea.21974","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21974","url":null,"abstract":"In this case study, rubble masonry walls from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Northern Colombia were investigated. We applied a combined object-based image analysis (OBIA), photogrammetry, and petrography method to characterize and determine the provenance of the materials used in three targeted terraces of the archaeological site of La Palma. In situ data acquisition included detailed photographic records and petrographic descriptions of a selected section of masonry walls, as well as mapping of local geological units. Photographs were processed using OBIA. The data obtained allowed characterization and systematization of the constructive elements, via parameters that include architectural function within the construction (headers, stretchers, and wedges), roundness, and lithotype. This methodology enabled us to identify the source of the lithotypes from local rock outcrops (metagranodiorite and schist) as well as rock boulders and cobbles from the nearby riverbeds. The results suggest that pre-Hispanic communities had knowledge of the properties of the geological resources available in the region, which they used to build masonry that has endured more than five centuries. Vertical differences identified in segments of different terrace walls suggest changes in the constructive process and therefore may serve to determine a construction chronology.","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 6","pages":"804-821"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44135562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geoarchaeological and microstratigraphic view of a Neanderthal settlement at Rambla de Ahíllas in Iberian Range: Abrigo de la Quebrada (Chelva, Valencia, Spain) 伊比利亚山脉兰布拉·德·阿希拉斯尼安德特人定居点的地质考古和微观地层学观点：拉奎夫拉达外套（切尔瓦，瓦伦西亚，西班牙）

IF 1.7 3区地球科学

Geoarchaeology-An International Journal Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21973

M. Mercè Bergadà, Aleix Eixea, Valentín Villaverde

{"title":"Geoarchaeological and microstratigraphic view of a Neanderthal settlement at Rambla de Ahíllas in Iberian Range: Abrigo de la Quebrada (Chelva, Valencia, Spain)","authors":"M. Mercè Bergadà, Aleix Eixea, Valentín Villaverde","doi":"10.1002/gea.21973","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21973","url":null,"abstract":"The Abrigo de la Quebrada is a Middle Palaeolithic rockshelter located in the Rambla de Ahíllas in the Iberian Range (Valencia, Spain). Archaeological work began in 2007 and was completed in 2015, reaching the rockshelter substratum and uncovering a record that spans from MIS 5 to MIS 4/3. The data from the geoarchaeological and micromorphological study of the site allow us to deduce that it was formed by alluvial contributions from the ephemeral stream, in different subenvironments varying from channel/bar to floodplain facies. These alternate with debris from different displacement processes depending on the unit, such as solifluction–gelifluction, mass displacement, and diffuse runoff. In addition, collapse episodes of the overhanging rockshelter roof influenced the pedological evolution of the record, with implications for the archaeological levels, especially in Unit G (Level IV). From a paleoenvironmental point of view, a more contrasted variability is reflected in the upper units of the site (MIS 4/3), especially in Unit G (Level IV), which, based on data, suggests temperate conditions, and in Unit H (Levels III and II) indicate cold conditions. In contrast, the lower units (MIS 5) are generally temperate, with the exception of Unit C (Level VIIIa), which reflects a colder phase.","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 6","pages":"679-712"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21973","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43152298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconstructing formation processes at the Canary Islands indigenous site of Belmaco Cave (La Palma, Spain) through a multiproxy geoarchaeological approach 通过多元地质考古方法重建加那利群岛Belmaco洞穴（西班牙拉帕尔马）土著遗址的形成过程

IF 1.7 3区地球科学

Geoarchaeology-An International Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21972

Enrique Fernández-Palacios, Margarita Jambrina-Enríquez, Susan M. Mentzer, Caterina Rodríguez de Vera, Ada Dinckal, Natalia Égüez, Antonio V. Herrera-Herrera, Juan Francisco Navarro Mederos, Efraín Marrero Salas, Christopher E. Miller, Carolina Mallol

{"title":"Reconstructing formation processes at the Canary Islands indigenous site of Belmaco Cave (La Palma, Spain) through a multiproxy geoarchaeological approach","authors":"Enrique Fernández-Palacios, Margarita Jambrina-Enríquez, Susan M. Mentzer, Caterina Rodríguez de Vera, Ada Dinckal, Natalia Égüez, Antonio V. Herrera-Herrera, Juan Francisco Navarro Mederos, Efraín Marrero Salas, Christopher E. Miller, Carolina Mallol","doi":"10.1002/gea.21972","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21972","url":null,"abstract":"The indigenous populations of La Palma (Canary Islands), who arrived on the island from Northwest Africa ca. 2000 years B.P., were predominantly pastoralists. Yet, many aspects of their subsistence economy such as the procurement, management, and use of wild plant resources remain largely unknown. To explore this, we studied the 600–1100-year-old archaeological site of Belmaco Cave, which comprises a stratified sedimentary deposit representative of a fumier. Here, we present a high-resolution, multiproxy geoarchaeological study combining soil micromorphology, lipid biomarker analysis, X-ray diffraction, μ-X-ray diffraction, μ-X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and μ-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, to characterize formation processes and explore plant sources. Recurrent goat/sheep habitation and maintenance activities are represented by interstratified layers of unburned dung, charcoal-rich sediment, and dung ash. Lipid biomarker data show a herd diet mainly composed of herbaceous plants, which is key to understanding the mobility of indigenous shepherds. Our results also revealed an unusual suite of authigenic minerals including hazenite, aragonite, and sylvite, possibly formed through diagenetic processes involving interaction between ash, dung, urine, volcanogenic components, and bacterial activity, coupled with arid and alkaline conditions. Our study shows the potential of a multiproxy approach to a fumier deposit in a volcanogenic sedimentary context.","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 6","pages":"713-739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41793303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Lithological description and provenancing of a collection of bluestones from excavations at Stonehenge by William Hawley in 1924 with implications for the human versus ice transport debate of the monument's bluestone megaliths 威廉·霍利于1924年对巨石阵出土的一系列青石进行了岩性描述和来源证明，这对人类与冰运输对纪念碑青石巨石的争论具有重要意义

IF 1.7 3区地球科学

Geoarchaeology-An International Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-22 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21971

Richard Bevins, Rob Ixer, Nick Pearce, James Scourse, Tim Daw

引用次数: 0

An interdisciplinary approach to Late/Final Neolithic coastal gallery graves in Brittany, Western France: The 3D structure, origin of stone material, and paleoenvironmental setting of the Kernic and Lerret monuments 对法国西部布列塔尼晚期/最终新石器时代沿海画廊坟墓的跨学科方法:三维结构，石材起源，以及Kernic和Lerret纪念碑的古环境设置

IF 1.7 3区地球科学

Geoarchaeology-An International Journal Pub Date : 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21970

Aneta Gorczyńska, Bernard Le Gall, Pierre Stéphan, Yvan Pailler

{"title":"An interdisciplinary approach to Late/Final Neolithic coastal gallery graves in Brittany, Western France: The 3D structure, origin of stone material, and paleoenvironmental setting of the Kernic and Lerret monuments","authors":"Aneta Gorczyńska, Bernard Le Gall, Pierre Stéphan, Yvan Pailler","doi":"10.1002/gea.21970","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21970","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an interdisciplinary study of two Late/Final Neolithic gallery graves (Kernic and Lerret) located on the orthwestern coast of Brittany (Western France). These monuments show striking similarities in terms of architectural style and geographical position. This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the construction strategy of these monuments by (i) determining the origin of the megalithic blocks using comparative petro-structural analyses of blocks and surrounding rocks, (ii) reconstructing the coastal environment from sediment core analyses and (iii) defining the significance of these monuments in the territories from an intervisibility analysis. The study reveals marked differences between the two monuments studied. The Lerret gallery grave was erected close to a unique source of stone material on the margins of a marshland zone. In contrast, the Kernic monument, erected on the edge of an estuary, seems to have been built using a deliberate diversification of stone extraction sites. An intervisibility analysis shows a dense network of visual interconnections between a number of megalithic tombs present in the study area, where the two monuments occupy very distinct sites. The social implications of stone selection and the geographical location of Late/Final Neolithic funerary monuments are also discussed in an enlarged regional context.","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 6","pages":"740-770"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46293965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preliminary results on the applicability of neutron activation analysis (NAA) to identify cherts from the Munsungun Lake Formation, Maine, USA 中子活化分析（NAA）适用于识别美国缅因州蒙森贡湖组燧石的初步结果

IF 1.7 3区地球科学

Geoarchaeology-An International Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21969

Nathaniel R. Kitchel, Brandi L. MacDonald, Matthew T. Boulanger, Heather M. Rockwell

{"title":"Preliminary results on the applicability of neutron activation analysis (NAA) to identify cherts from the Munsungun Lake Formation, Maine, USA","authors":"Nathaniel R. Kitchel, Brandi L. MacDonald, Matthew T. Boulanger, Heather M. Rockwell","doi":"10.1002/gea.21969","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21969","url":null,"abstract":"Red chert attributed to the Munsungun Lake Formation, Maine, USA is common in late Pleistocene fluted-point-period archaeological sites located throughout the New England states and Quebec, appearing more frequently than any other material type in the region. Despite the assumed association between red Munsungun chert and fluted-point-period sites, until recently, it was not possible to link red chert artifacts from these sites to a specific source area within the Munsungun Lake Formation because outcrops of this material associated with direct evidence of past use were not documented. Here, we report the first results of a neutron activation analysis (NAA) study of red Munsungun chert from two quarry areas within the Munsungun Lake Formation. These results suggest that NAA can distinguish between chert source areas within the Munsungun Lake Formation and lookalike materials from the wider region. Additional analyses are required to include more comparative samples and evaluate the efficacy of less destructive geochemical techniques in characterizing cherts from the region. Despite the need for additional research, these results suggest that NAA will be useful for re-evaluating past identifications of chert from the Munsungun Lake Formation, providing an important foundation for additional geochemical research in the region.","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 5","pages":"665-676"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46779691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence for sophisticated raw material procurement strategies during the Lower Paleolithic—Hula Valley case study 旧石器时代下呼啦谷案例研究中复杂原材料采购策略的证据

IF 1.7 3区地球科学

Geoarchaeology-An International Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1002/gea.21968

Meir Finkel, Oded Bar, Yoav Ben Dor, Erez Ben-Yosef, Ofir Tirosh, Gonen Sharon

{"title":"Evidence for sophisticated raw material procurement strategies during the Lower Paleolithic—Hula Valley case study","authors":"Meir Finkel, Oded Bar, Yoav Ben Dor, Erez Ben-Yosef, Ofir Tirosh, Gonen Sharon","doi":"10.1002/gea.21968","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21968","url":null,"abstract":"The Hula Valley has two key Acheulian sites: Gesher Benot Ya'aqov (GBY), a large flake Acheulian site with hundreds of basalt bifaces and a significant number of flint handaxes, and Ma'ayan Barukh (MB), where more than 3500 flint handaxes were collected. Over the last one million years, the valley was filled by alluvium and basalt flows, devoid of flint sources suitable for handaxe production. We conducted archaeological and geological surveys combined with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry geochemical study to determine the source(s) of flint, comparing elemental compositions of handaxes from GBY and MB with those of different flint sources using a novel statistical method. The results demonstrate that Hula Valley Acheulian flint handaxes were derived from Eocene flint. For GBY, the nearest matching source for its small number of excavated handaxes is a secondary deposit of the Dishon streambed found ~8 km northwest of the site. A more likely source for both GBY and the thousands of MB handaxes is the Dishon flint extraction and reduction complex located 20 km to the west, a possibility also supported by the near absence of production waste flakes at the sites themselves. These findings support direct procurement strategy as early as the Lower Paleolithic.","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 5","pages":"649-664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21968","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42817585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1