Hereditas最新文献

{"title":"Kinetochore structure and chromosome orientation: a tribute to Gunnar Östergren","authors":"Waheeb K. Heneen","doi":"10.1111/hrd2.00076","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hrd2.00076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gunnar Östergren (1918–1998), a cytologist-geneticist of rank (Fig. 1), was active at the Inst. of Genetics, Univ. of Lund (Sweden) during the years 1940–1964, intermitted by a stay in Stockholm (Nobel Institute, 1947–1951), and followed by being a professor of genetics, and later professor emeritus, at the Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala (1964–1998). Gunnar Östergren (G.Ö.) had connections with HEREDITAS in two ways. Firstly, during the years at the Inst. of Genetics in Lund, where the editorial office of HEREDITAS was located, he assisted in the editorial work of this periodical by handling the pictorial material of accepted articles. This task was handed over to me when he left for Uppsala, after giving me useful guidelines that I made use of during my years at this post. Secondly, HEREDITAS was the forum where he published the majority of his work. His most cited publication is his PhD thesis on chromosome orientation during cell division (Östergren <span>1951</span>), briefly highlighted here. This work laid the grounds for, and was ratified by, recent findings.</p><p>In addition to these connections to HEREDITAS that motivated me to write about G.Ö. is the fact that he has been my supervisor and mentor during the time I worked for my PhD degree (1958–1963). My respect and admiration of G.Ö. is great.</p>","PeriodicalId":55057,"journal":{"name":"Hereditas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2014-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/hrd2.00076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32894824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The origin of the Mendelian Society in Lund and the start of Hereditas","authors":"Mattias Höglund,&nbsp;Bengt O. Bengtsson","doi":"10.1111/hrd2.00078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hrd2.00078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Mendelian Society in Lund was founded in 1910. The initiative came from two young biologists supported by a wide circle of interested plant breeders and academics. Already from the start the society was dominated by the towering personality Herman Nilsson-Ehle. After two active years, the Society went into temporal hibernation until it resumed its activities in spring 1916, when Nilsson-Ehle was on his way to become Sweden's first professor of genetics. One of the aims of the Society was to launch a scientific journal for local scientists directed at an international audience. After a successful fundraising campaign, <span>Hereditas</span> was started in 1920. One of the original instigators of the Mendelian Society, Robert Larsson, became its first editor, and he remained in this position for more than 30 years. Both he and Nilsson-Ehle were fascinating personalities, deeply rooted in their time's scientific and ideological debates.</p>","PeriodicalId":55057,"journal":{"name":"Hereditas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2014-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/hrd2.00078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32896475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome organization and DNA methylation patterns of B chromosomes in the red fox and Chinese raccoon dogs","authors":"Monika Bugno-Poniewierska,&nbsp;Przemysław Solek,&nbsp;Mariusz Wronski,&nbsp;Leszek Potocki,&nbsp;Grażyna Jezewska-Witkowska,&nbsp;Maciej Wnuk","doi":"10.1111/hrd2.00049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hrd2.00049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The molecular structure of B chromosomes (Bs) is relatively well studied. Previous research demonstrates that Bs of various species usually contain two types of repetitive DNA sequences, satellite DNA and ribosomal DNA, but Bs also contain genes encoding histone proteins and many others. However, many questions remain regarding the origin and function of these chromosomes. Here, we focused on the comparative cytogenetic characteristics of the red fox and Chinese raccoon dog B chromosomes with particular attention to the distribution of repetitive DNA sequences and their methylation status. We confirmed that the small Bs of the red fox show a typical fluorescent telomeric distal signal, whereas medium-sized Bs of the Chinese raccoon dog were characterized by clusters of telomeric sequences along their length. We also found different DNA methylation patterns for the B chromosomes of both species. Therefore, we concluded that DNA methylation may maintain the transcriptional inactivation of DNA sequences localized to B chromosomes and may prevent genetic unbalancing and several negative phenotypic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":55057,"journal":{"name":"Hereditas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2014-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/hrd2.00049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32893977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of microsatellite-based genetic diversity, protein and mineral content in chickpea accessions grown in Kyrgyzstan","authors":"Elnura Torutaeva,&nbsp;Abdybek Asanaliev,&nbsp;Maria Luisa Prieto-Linde,&nbsp;Anna Zborowska,&nbsp;Rodomiro Ortiz,&nbsp;Tomas Bryngelsson,&nbsp;Larisa Garkava-Gustavsson","doi":"10.1111/hrd2.00042","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hrd2.00042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The genetic diversity of 23 chickpea accessions representing Kyrgyz landraces and cultivars, ICARDA breeding lines, Spanish and Turkish cultivars was characterized using nine microsatellite (SSR) markers which generated a total of 122 alleles. The number of alleles (Na) per locus varied from 9 to 20. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged between 0.05 and 0.43 (average 0.13) whereas both the expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.71 to 0.90 (average 0.83). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 62% of the total genetic variation was found within accessions while the remaining 38% was found among accessions. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) indicated the presence of two groups. The two Kyrgyz cultivars were found apart from these groups. Cluster analysis generally confirmed the results of PCoA and also separated the Kyrgyz cultivars from the subcluster formed by Kyrgyz landraces and the subclusters formed by breeding lines from ICARDA along with landraces from Turkey and Spain. In addition, protein content and mineral concentration were determined. Protein content and mineral concentrations for Ca, S, Mg, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn varied significantly among accessions. The results show that Kyrgyz germplasm provides a source of diversity for improvement of chickpea.</p>","PeriodicalId":55057,"journal":{"name":"Hereditas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/hrd2.00042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32786674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutation of potential MAPK phosphorylation sites in the Notch antagonist Hairless","authors":"Anja C. Nagel,&nbsp;Anette Preiss","doi":"10.1111/hrd2.00066","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hrd2.00066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cellular differentiation during eumetazoan development is based on highly conserved signalling pathways. Two of them, the Notch and the EGFR signalling pathways, are closely intertwined. We have identified two potential target sites of the Mitogen activated kinase (MAPK), the downstream effector kinase of EGFR, within Hairless (H), the major antagonist of Notch signalling in <i>Drosophila</i>. Assuming that phosphorylation of these sites modulates H activity, a direct influence of EGFR signalling on Notch pathway regulation might be possible. This hypothesis was tested by generating a phospho-deficient and a phospho-mimetic H isoform and by assaying for their biological activity. We first addressed the binding of known H interaction partners Su(H), Gro, CtBP and Pros26.4 which was similar between mutant and wild type H. Next we assayed eye, wing and bristle development which are strongly affected by the overexpression of H due to the inhibition of Notch signalling. Overexpression of the mutant constructs resulted in phenotypes similar to wildtype H overexpression, yet with subtle differences in phenotypic severity. However, large variations suggest that the mutated residues may be critical for the overall structure or stability of H. Albeit of minor impact, EGFR may fine tune Notch signalling via MAPK dependent phosphorylation of H.</p>","PeriodicalId":55057,"journal":{"name":"Hereditas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/hrd2.00066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32786676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of diversity in Harpagophytum with RAPD and ISSR markers provides evidence of introgression","authors":"Mbaki Muzila,&nbsp;Gun Werlemark,&nbsp;Rodomiro Ortiz,&nbsp;Jasna Sehic,&nbsp;Moneim Fatih,&nbsp;Moffat Setshogo,&nbsp;Wata Mpoloka,&nbsp;Hilde Nybom","doi":"10.1111/hrd2.00052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hrd2.00052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The genus <i>Harpagophytum</i> has two species: <i>H. procumbens</i> which is an important medicinal plant in southern Africa, and <i>H. zeyheri</i>. Genetic diversity in 96 samples, obtained by germinating seeds collected from Botswana, was assessed using six inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and 10 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. These DNA markers yielded a total of 138 polymorphic bands. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.06 to 0.39 for ISSR primers, and from 0.09 to 0.43 for RAPD primers. Jaccard's similarity coefficients were highest when seedlings derived from the same fruit capsule were compared, while seedlings from different fruits on the same plant had intermediate values. The lowest values were recorded among seedlings from different plants. These results were consistent with an outcrossing breeding system in <i>Harpagophytum</i>. Analysis of molecular variance revealed significant differentiation (P &lt; 0.01) between taxonomic units within <i>Harpagophytum</i>. About 39% of the variability occurred between the two species, <i>H. procumbens</i> and <i>H. zeyheri</i>. Plants with an intermediate morphology, i.e. putative hybrids (PH), showed 21% differentiation when compared with <i>H. procumbens</i> ssp. <i>procumbens</i> (PP), and 19% when compared with <i>H. procumbens</i> ssp. <i>transvaalense</i> (PT) or with <i>H. zeyheri</i> (ZZ). In addition, a deviating variant of PT was identified, here termed ‘<i>procumbens</i> new variety’ (PN). PN showed only 9% differentiation when compared with PT, 22% when compared with PP or with PH, and 41% when compared with ZZ. Considerable differentiation between the two <i>Harpagophytum</i> species was revealed also by a cluster analysis. Introgression was, however, suggested by the intermediate position of the putative hybrid plants in a principal component analysis while inter-specific gene flow was shown by a Bayesian genetic structure analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":55057,"journal":{"name":"Hereditas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/hrd2.00052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32786675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of wild and cultivated grapevine accessions from southeast Turkey","authors":"Dilek Deǧirmenci Karataş,&nbsp;Hüseyin Karataş,&nbsp;Valérie Laucou,&nbsp;Gölge Sarikamiş,&nbsp;Leila Riahi,&nbsp;Roberto Bacilieri,&nbsp;Patrice This","doi":"10.1111/hrd2.00039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hrd2.00039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wild grapevine genetic diversity in southeast Turkey has not been documented to date. In the present work, in order to clarify the relationships between wild and cultivated grape accessions from southeastern Turkey, 22 nuclear and three chloroplast microsatellite loci were used on 21 wild grapevine <i>Vitis vinifera L</i>. ssp. <i>sylvestris (Gmelin</i>) and 13 cultivated grapevine <i>Vitis vinifera</i> ssp. <i>sativa</i> accessions. The number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from 4 (VVIn16) to 20 (VVIv67) and the mean allele number per locus was 10.09. Expected locus heterozygosity ranged from 0.586 (locus VVIb01) to 0.898 (locus (VVIv67)). The three cpSSR molecular markers presented variation in size both in cultivars and in wild Turkish accessions. Two size variants were detected for cpSSR3 (106 and 107 bp) for cpSSR5 (104 and 105 bp), and for cpSSR10 (115 and 116 bp). The six alleles in wild grapevines fell into three haplotypes B, C and D. A genetic structure according to accessions taxonomic status (wild or cultivated) was revealed by UPGMA analysis. This highlighted a clear separation between domesticated and wild accessions in Turkish germplasm. The results pointed out the need to further collect and characterize this wild and cultivated grapevine germplasm.</p>","PeriodicalId":55057,"journal":{"name":"Hereditas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/hrd2.00039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32786673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a rice major gene Ur1 (Undulate rachis -1) on panicle and grain traits","authors":"Masayuki Murai,&nbsp;Toru Hata,&nbsp;Tomohiro Kosumi,&nbsp;Hirotaka Seike","doi":"10.1111/hrd2.02280","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hrd2.02280","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A rice dominant gene, <i>Ur1</i>, increases spikelet number per panicle, thereby enlarging sink size. The effects of <i>Ur1</i> on panicle and grain traits were examined using ‘Nishihikari’ (N), its <i>Ur1</i> isogenic line (N^U) and their F₁, and the <i>sd1-d</i> isogenic line of Taichung 65 (d), the <i>sd1-d-Ur1</i> isogenic line (u) and their F₁. <i>Ur1</i> increased number of primary branches per panicle (NB1), number of secondary branches per primary branch (NB2) and number of spikelets per single secondary branch (SB2). Increase in NB1 was higher in N^U than in u but those in NB2 and SB2 were lower in N^U than in u, all of which brought about a lower percentage of secondary-branch spikelets for N^U. Regarding secondary-branch spikelets as well as whole spikelets, N^U had a higher ripened-grain percentage caused by its higher fertilized-spikelet percentage than u. The above characteristics of N^U contribute to its high yielding ability, suggesting that N is a favorable genetic background for <i>Ur1</i>. In addition, number of differentiated (developed + degenerated) secondary branches per primary branch and presence of twined spikelets in the uppermost primary branch of a panicle could be new indicators to discriminate <i>Ur1/Ur1</i> plants from <i>Ur1/+</i> and +/+ plants in a segregating population like an F₂.</p>","PeriodicalId":55057,"journal":{"name":"Hereditas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2014-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/hrd2.02280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32650304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissection of additive, epistatic effect and QTL × environment interaction of quantitative trait loci for sheath blight resistance in rice","authors":"Yi Liu,&nbsp;Liang Chen,&nbsp;Dong Fu,&nbsp;Qiaojun Lou,&nbsp;Hanwei Mei,&nbsp;Liang Xiong,&nbsp;Mingshou Li,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Xu,&nbsp;Xiaohan Mei,&nbsp;Lijun Luo","doi":"10.1111/hrd2.00026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hrd2.00026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from a cross between ‘HH1B’ and ‘RSB02’ (a deep-water rice variety with resistance to sheath blight) was planted in two locations for four different growing seasons. Seven traits were used to evaluate the disease severity, namely disease rating (DR), lesion length (LL), lesion height (LH), relative lesion length (RLL), relative lesion height (RLH), plant height (PH) and heading date (HD). Based on a linkage map of 163 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, a total of 37 QTLs were mapped on nine chromosomes. Additionally, 32 epistatic QTLs were identified, distributed on all the 12 chromosomes. The contribution of a single QTL's additive and epistatic effect was of low magnitude for most cases (from 0.39% to 24.62%). Among QTL × environment interaction test, 28 additive QTLs and six pairs of epistatic interactions were involved. Correlation analysis showed that DR had significant positive correlations with LL, RLL and RLH, but had a negative correlation with PH, two of six QTLs controlling DR were mapped in the same chromosome regions as the QTLs controlling PH. The alleles which can enhance disease resistance and increase PH are from the resistant parent ‘RSB02’, indicating that PH has certain effect on sheath blight resistance in the present study.</p>","PeriodicalId":55057,"journal":{"name":"Hereditas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2014-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/hrd2.00026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32518799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplexing with three-primer PCR for rapid and economical microsatellite validation","authors":"Salla Vartia,&nbsp;Patrick C. Collins,&nbsp;Thomas F. Cross,&nbsp;Richard D. Fitzgerald,&nbsp;David T. Gauthier,&nbsp;Philip McGinnity,&nbsp;Luca Mirimin,&nbsp;Jens Carlsson","doi":"10.1111/hrd2.00044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hrd2.00044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The next generation sequencing revolution has enabled rapid discovery of genetic markers, however, development of fully functioning new markers still requires a long and costly process of marker validation. This study reports a rapid and economical approach for the validation and deployment of polymorphic microsatellite markers obtained from a 454 pyrosequencing library of Atlantic cod, <i>Gadus morhua,</i> Linnaeus 1758. Primers were designed from raw reads to amplify specific amplicon size ranges, allowing effective PCR multiplexing. Multiplexing was combined with a three-primer PCR approach using four universal tails to label amplicons with separate fluorochromes. A total of 192 primer pairs were tested, resulting in 73 polymorphic markers. Of these, 55 loci were combined in six multiplex panels each containing between six and eleven markers. Variability of the loci was assessed on <i>G. morhua</i> from the Celtic Sea (n = 46) and the Scotian Shelf (n = 46), two locations that have shown genetic differentiation in previous studies. Multilocus <i>F</i>_ST between the two samples was estimated at 0.067 (P = 0.001). After three loci potentially under selection were excluded, the global <i>F</i>_ST was estimated at 0.043 (P = 0.001). Our technique combines three-primer and multiplex PCR techniques, allowing simultaneous screening and validation of relatively large numbers of microsatellite loci.</p>","PeriodicalId":55057,"journal":{"name":"Hereditas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2014-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/hrd2.00044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32518065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}