{"title":"‘A Formula Which I Derived Many Years Ago’ Boole, Reichenbach and Popper on Probability and Conditionals","authors":"H. Rott","doi":"10.1080/01445340.2021.2003670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2021.2003670","url":null,"abstract":"This note presents a very brief history of the observation that the probability of the material conditional is in general different from, but cannot be less than, the conditional probability of B given A. The difference between the two probabilities is significant for the interpretation of conditionals and for the possibility of inductive probability. It can be quantitatively specified in so-called ‘excess laws’ for which Popper appears to have claimed priority. I argue that such a priority claim should be rejected and credit should instead be given, if to anyone, to Boole and Reichenbach instead.","PeriodicalId":55053,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of Logic","volume":"43 1","pages":"383 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45888170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peirce's Speculative Grammar: Logic as Semiotics","authors":"A. K. Atkin","doi":"10.1080/01445340.2021.2017112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2021.2017112","url":null,"abstract":"Copernican revolution) instantiates the Husserlian principle of going back to the things themselves. Focusing on mathematical notions can shore up two weaknesses of Hartimo’s reading. It provides a better account of mathematicians’ goals, as distinct from their practices, and it can strengthen Hartimo’s pluralistic interpretation of Husserl’s approach. Giving primacy to mathematical notions increases the defensibility of a pluralistic position that is not anti-realistic.","PeriodicalId":55053,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of Logic","volume":"43 1","pages":"398 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46771984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Follows from the Impossible: Everything or Nothing? (An Interpretation of the ‘Avranches Text’ and the Ars Meliduna)","authors":"Wolfgang Lenzen","doi":"10.1080/01445340.2021.2008222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2021.2008222","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main controversies of the Logic Schools of the 12th century centered on the question: What follows from the impossible? In this paper arguments for two diametrically opposed positions are examined. The author of the ‘Avranches Text’ who probably belonged to the school of the Parvipontani defended the view that from an impossible proposition everything follows (‘Ex impossibili quodlibet’). In particular he developed a proof to show that by means of so-called ‘disjunctive syllogism’ any arbitrary proposition B can be logically derived from a pair of contradictory propositions A and Not-A. The author of the Ars Meliduna instead argued that nothing follows from an impossible proposition (‘ex falso nihil sequitur’). This view is supported by various counterexamples which aimed to show that the admission of impossible premises would give rise to inconsistent conclusions. Upon closer analysis these inconsistencies do not, however, have the formal structure of a real contradiction like A and Not-A, but rather the structure of two rivalling conditionals like ‘If B then A’ and ‘If B then Not-A’. Hence these counterexamples rather have to be considered as refutations of the basic principles of ‘connexive logic’.","PeriodicalId":55053,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of Logic","volume":"43 1","pages":"309 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44251397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Logic from Kant to Russell. Laying the Foundations for Analytic Philosophy","authors":"A. Schumann","doi":"10.1080/01445340.2021.2006590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2021.2006590","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55053,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of Logic","volume":"43 1","pages":"400 - 404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45646619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Logic and African philosophy: seminal essays on African systems of thought","authors":"E. Ofuasia","doi":"10.1080/01445340.2021.1988431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2021.1988431","url":null,"abstract":"Besides this, Maimon’s own preference becomes clear: ‘Even though many philosophers of his time elevated the status of the genius, Maimon prioritized the methodical inventor, whose character had been celebrated in the prior century’ (ibid.). Chikurel’s book provides a clear, comprehensive insight into this important aspect of Maimon’s philosophy and its applicability to other fields of scientific knowledge. At the same time, she hints at the significance of Maimon’s theory of invention for his thinking in general and for philosophy as such by mentioning his ‘contribution to the process of human perfectibility and the advancement of knowledge’ (p. 155). Furthermore, Chikurel also states that Maimon’s theory goes well beyond questions of science and logic, since for him ‘invention is not only a popular topic in philosophy, but also a guiding principle of life’ (p. 5). At this point I would like to suggest that the distinction between philosophy and life may not fully work in this context, since the thought of the never-ending, incompletable process of human perfectibility – in knowledge and beyond, individually and generally – can be understood as the very core of Maimon’s own philosophy of life, or his philosophy of existence as striving for unachievable perfection, which may be seen as the underlying central motif of his ‘Nichtsystem’ (Maimon 1790/2004, 236).","PeriodicalId":55053,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of Logic","volume":"43 1","pages":"303 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43016489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dao Companion to Chinese Philosophy of Logic","authors":"Yuan Ren","doi":"10.1080/01445340.2021.1988837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2021.1988837","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55053,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of Logic","volume":"43 1","pages":"196 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46648031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Salomon Maimon’s theory of invention. Scientific genius, analysis and Euclidean geometry","authors":"D. Elon","doi":"10.1080/01445340.2021.1989240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2021.1989240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55053,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of Logic","volume":"43 1","pages":"301 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43173859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leibniz: Dissertation on Combinatorial Art. Translated with Introduction and Commentary","authors":"M. Antognazza","doi":"10.1080/01445340.2021.1986363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2021.1986363","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55053,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of Logic","volume":"43 1","pages":"187 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41744661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Form of Truth: Hegel’s Philosophical Logic","authors":"J. E. Maybee","doi":"10.1080/01445340.2021.1989239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2021.1989239","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55053,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of Logic","volume":"43 1","pages":"201 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42157174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Representing Buridan’s Divided Modal Propositions in First-Order Logic","authors":"J. Dagys, Živilė Pabijutaitė, H. Giedra","doi":"10.1080/01445340.2021.1976042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2021.1976042","url":null,"abstract":"Formalizing categorical propositions of traditional logic in the language of quantifiers and propositional functions is no straightforward matter, especially when modalities get involved. Starting with the formulas for non-modal categoricals, we consider various ways of modalizing the formulas and semantic criteria of their evaluation that can be derived from Buridan. In addition to the logical relations included in the octagon of divided modal propositions, three interrelated aspects are taken into account—existential import, sensitivity to ampliation of terms in modal contexts, and quantification over possibilia. We end by suggesting a representation of Buridan’s divided modal propositions that relies on the use of actualist quantification over variable domains. The formulas adequately capture the truth conditions given by Buridan, and they preserve all relations of the octagon, as well as permissible conversions in modal S5.","PeriodicalId":55053,"journal":{"name":"History and Philosophy of Logic","volume":"43 1","pages":"264 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46143491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}