IEEE Latin America Transactions最新文献

{"title":"Non-intrusive load disaggregation based on digital signal processing for microcontroller application","authors":"Maximiliano Véliz;Alejandro Otero","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11194772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11194772","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a low complexity non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) approach for residential electric powerbased on digital signal processing. The aim is to identify the real operating frames of each household appliance from the aggregated current signal frames. In the methodology, two detection methods are derived. The first method, named direct method, identifies the active frames of each device by identifying the most probable combination between devices in the aggregated signal. The second method, termed indirect method, identifies the active frames of a particular device by means of a projection of the aggregated signal onto a Fourier subspace representing the characteristic footprint of the device. The methodology is tested on 4 datasets collected in Argentina. and high performance metrics are achieved. A pilot test is carried out with an ATSAMD21G18 microcontroller on the Itsy Bitsy M0 Express.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 11","pages":"1070-1080"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11194772","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Rectangular Slotted-Patch Antenna Array-Sensor for Breast-Tumor Detection","authors":"Divya Chaturvedi;V L Bhavani Maddirala;Arvind Kumar","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11194761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11194761","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a slotted rectangular microstrip patch antenna-array-sensor is proposed for breast tumor detection operating in Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) frequency band at 5.8 GHz. To increase the sensitivity and better coverage region, a 14 antenna-array with overall size 0.96 g 2.5 g has been developed instead of a single element. To excite each antenna element, a 1:4 power divider is employed in corporate feeding with microstrip technology. To acquire the conforming ability on hemispherical surface, the antenna array sensor is realized on RT Duroid 5880 of thickness 0.508 mm. A monostatic radar-based technique using microwave signals is used to detect the contrast between healthy and malignant tissues. Initially, the sensors performance has been evaluated over a multi-layered breast equivalent phantom comprising skin and fat layers along with tumor. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis is conducted to assess the variations in the biological tissues of the breast equivalent phantom, distinguishing between healthy and malignant tissues. Also, experimental results reveal that the 14 array sensor provides improved sensitivity, gain, and directional energy delivery, enabling better detection of tumors at varying sizes and depths.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 11","pages":"1143-1149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11194761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Electric Vehicle Charging Stations and Distributed Generators in Smart Grids: A Multi-Objective Meta-Heuristic Approach","authors":"VenkataKirthiga Murali;Divya Bharathi Raj","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11194767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11194767","url":null,"abstract":"The global transition towards electric mobility has significantly increased the demand for efficient and consumer-friendly Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCSs). As electric vehicles (EVs) continue to penetrate transportation systems, optimal integration of EVCSs within power distribution infrastructure becomes critical, not only to ensure seamless user experience but also to maintain the reliability and efficiency of electrical networks. Traditionally, EVCS planning has been carried out solely within the context of Radial Distribution Networks (RDNs), neglecting key consumer-centric factors such as travel comfort and accessibility within the road network (RN). This paper proposes a novel, consumer-aware methodology for optimally placing EVCSs and Distributed Generators (DGs) in a combined RDN-RN framework. The objective is to minimize active power loss, voltage variation, and EV consumer cost, measured through two proposed indices, while accounting for realistic travel behavior and preferences. The proposed approach utilizes a Modified Weighted Teaching Learning Based - Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (MWTLB-PSA) and proceeds in three stages: EVCS site selection based on road network considerations, DG placement using predetermined EVCS locations, and a final stage of simultaneous optimization of both elements. To validate the approach, a standard IEEE 33-bus RDN integrated with a 25-node RN is employed as the test system. Results demonstrate that the joint optimization of DGs and EVCSs via the proposed method significantly enhances network performance and consumer convenience. Notably, the solution achieves a reduced active power loss of 57.75 kW and an EVCCI value of 0.3958, indicating a substantial improvement over existing hybrid TLBO and PSO-based techniques. Furthermore, the proposed method leads to installation cost savings ranging from 2.51% to 18.21% compared to earlier strategies, underscoring its practical value in smart grid planning and deployment.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 11","pages":"1022-1035"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11194767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Table of Contents November 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11194764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11194764","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 11","pages":"938-939"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11194764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coverage and Performance Analysis of a Private LoRaWAN Network Deployed in Urban Areas","authors":"Luís Eduardo Mena Barreto Pereira;Lahis Gomes de Almeida;Luca Quiriconi;S´ergio Abreu;André Luiz Printes;Israel Gondres Torné","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11195785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11195785","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) requires communication protocols capable of supporting long-range connectivity, low power consumption, and robustness against urban interference. LoRaWAN has emerged as a promising Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology, but most existing studies have evaluated its performance in controlled or rural environments. This work investigates the coverage and performance of a private LoRaWAN network deployed in Manaus, Brazil, focusing on urban conditions where reflections, obstacles, and multipath phenomena significantly affect communication. The methodology consisted of conducting four testbeds across different city regions using a mobile end device equipped with a LoRa transceiver (RAK3172) configured with AU915 MHz, Adaptive Data Rate, and periodic message transmission intervals of 10 seconds and 1 minute. Messages containing geolocation and timestamps were sent to 11 gateways distributed throughout the city, with data collected and analyzed in terms of signal quality (RSSI, SNR) and network performance (Packet Delivery Ratio PDR). The experimental results demonstrated RSSI values mostly between 100 and 120 dBm, remaining within the operational limits of LoRaWAN, although strongly affected by environmental noise and non-line-of-sight conditions. SNR values varied from 19.8 to +13.3 dB, reflecting interference and mobility impacts.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 11","pages":"1090-1098"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11195785","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic Phonetic Segmentation of the Yuhmu Language Using Mel Scale Spectral Parameters","authors":"Eric Ramos-Aguilar;J. Arturo Olvera-Lopez;Ivan Olmos-Pineda;Ricardo Ramos-Aguilar","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11195167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11195167","url":null,"abstract":"The application of digital signal processing techniques and machine learning, along with implicit segmentation, poses a challenge in the study of phonetic segmentation of indigenous languages in Mexico, given their linguistic and phonetic diversity. The analysis of Mel-scaled spectrograms offers an effective approach to identify patterns that can outline relevant information. By comparing the results with the actual number of phonemes in a word, both successes and areas for improvement can be observed. This article proposes a methodology for automatic segmental analysis of the Yuhmu language, considering parameter search in the Mel scale and implementing the cosine distance between spectrogram vectors. Additionally, relevant data within the resulting matrices are taken into account based on four key thresholds in information selection. The analysis yields a Segment Error Rate (SER) ranging from 38.79% to 41.35%, which aligns with the results reported in the literature on the subject.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 11","pages":"950-959"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11195167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Average Power as an Alternative Variable for Power grip Control in Robotic Hands Without Using Force Measurements","authors":"Juan Felipe Solarte;Carlos Gaviria","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11194777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11194777","url":null,"abstract":"Power grip is one of the fundamental functionalities of a robotic hand prosthesis, as it is essential for performing various activities of daily living. This study proposes the use of the average electrical power consumed by the actuators as a variable correlated with grip force in mechanisms with an effective degree of freedom equal to one. This approach enables the implementation of closed-loop grip force control schemes without the need for force sensors. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, a five-finger underactuated robotic hand prototype was developed, along with a cascade control scheme to track an average power reference. The system was implemented in the Simulink environment of Matlab, using an Arduino Mega 2560 board for signal acquisition and actuator control. The powerforce relationship was validated using a variable stiffness device, in accordance with recommendations from a standardized protocol for evaluating the quality of robotic hand prostheses. The results show that average electrical power exhibits a stronger correlation with grip force than electric current, which has been used for similar purposes in previous studies. This work addresses the challenge of controlling grip force without force sensors, introducing a variable that has not been previously exploited for this purpose","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 11","pages":"1121-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11194777","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Implementation of an IIoT-based Monitoring System for a Remote Radio Astronomy Station: The CASIRI Case Study","authors":"Felipe Rubio;Juan M. Rey;Julian Rodriguez-Ferreira;Natalia Duarte;Iván Hernández","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11150605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11150605","url":null,"abstract":"Industry 4.0 has progressed rapidly due to advances in the Internet of Things (IoT), which have significantly reduced implementation costs while enhancing technological capabilities. These developments have fostered the emergence of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), particularly within scientific and industrial domains. In response to the growing demand for skilled professionals in this field, this paper presents the design and implementation of an IIoT-based monitoring system for the CASIRI radio astronomy station, a mobile platform used to characterize potential sites for radio observatories in Colombia and Antarctica. The proposed system is integrated into a broader IIoT platform designed to support both operational monitoring and educational activities. The IIoT solution features real-time data acquisition, robust hardware and software components, and reliable communication protocols within a modular and scalable architecture. Its performance and component interoperability were validated through a series of experimental tests under simulated conditions. Additionally, this work introduces educational guides to facilitate hands-on training in Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 10","pages":"865-876"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11150605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid GEO-PO Algorithm for Dual-Input Wireless Power Transfer and Photovoltaic-Fed DC-DC Converter in Electric Vehicle Charging Applications","authors":"Ganesh Babu Mattaparthi;Srinivasa Rao Nayak P","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11150632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11150632","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for efficient and sustainable electric vehicle (EV) charging solutions has driven the development of advanced multi-input charger systems. This paper introduces a closed-loop EV charger powered by dual energy inputs, i.e., wireless power transfer (WPT) and photovoltaic (PV) sources. The dual-input charger integrates these energy sources to ensure stable and efficient constant voltage battery charging. The output voltage is continuously compared with the required EV battery charging voltage and regulated using a proportional-integral (PI) controller. To address the nonlinear and dynamic characteristics of the input sources, a novel Hybrid GEO-PO optimization algorithm, which combines the strengths of the Golden Eagle Optimizer (GEO) and the Puma Optimizer (PO), is proposed to determine the optimal PI controller parameters. MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental validation demonstrate that the Hybrid GEO-PO algorithm outperforms its parent algorithms in regulating EV battery charging voltage. The hybrid algorithm achieves faster response times, lower overshoot, and enhanced robustness compared to the standalone GEO and PO algorithms. Additionally, the successful implementation of the system using an FPGA controller highlights its practicality and suitability for real-world applications. This study establishes the Hybrid GEO-PO algorithm as a superior and promising approach for optimizing dual-input EV chargers, paving the way for next-generation intelligent charging infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 10","pages":"888-900"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11150632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Didactic Hardware in the Loop Platform: A Low-Cost Open-Source Approach","authors":"Shadai Ojeda-Mancera;Jesus Carranco-Martínez;Víctor Sámano-Ortega;Juan Martínez-Nolasco;Coral Martínez-Nolasco;Mauro Santoyo-Mora","doi":"10.1109/TLA.2025.11150634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2025.11150634","url":null,"abstract":"In evaluating and validating a physical system, real-time Hardware in the Loop (HIL) emulation offers advantages such as time and cost reduction, fault prevention, and the ability to conduct validations in an environment similar to its final application. On the other hand, low-cost technologies such as microcontrollers, digital signal processors, and FPGAs have been employed to leverage the advantages of HIL emulation in the teaching process. This article describes the implementation of a low-cost, open-access HIL didactic platform for use in subjects such as differential equations, systems dynamics, and control systems, among others. The platform is based on a Raspberry Pi Pico development board and features a graphical user interface (GUI). In the GUI, the user can visualize graphs of the emulated systems variables and real-time animation of its state and export the acquired data to a comma-separated file. The functionalities offered by the platform make it an affordable tool that allows users to evaluate the response of a dynamic system, whether it is open-loop or closed-loop, without the need for classrooms or specialized equipment. Unlike similar works where HIL techniques with low-cost hardware are employed for educational purposes, the proposal in this work is more cost-effective and integrates the described GUI. All the files necessary for implementing the didactic platform are openly available in a public repository, including those needed for PCB manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":55024,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Latin America Transactions","volume":"23 10","pages":"910-921"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11150634","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}