Information and Software Technology最新文献

{"title":"A lot of talk and a badge: An exploratory analysis of personal achievements in GitHub","authors":"Fabio Calefato,&nbsp;Luigi Quaranta,&nbsp;Filippo Lanubile","doi":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context:</h3><p><span>GitHub</span> has introduced a new gamification element through personal achievements, whereby badges are unlocked and displayed on developers’ personal profile pages in recognition of their development activities.</p></div><div><h3>Objective:</h3><p>In this paper, we present an exploratory analysis using mixed methods to study the diffusion of personal badges in <span>GitHub</span>, in addition to the effects and reactions to their introduction.</p></div><div><h3>Method:</h3><p>First, we conduct an observational study by mining longitudinal data from more than 6,000 developers and performed correlation and regression analysis. Then, we conduct a survey and analyze over 300 <span>GitHub</span> community discussions on the topic of personal badges to gauge how the community responded to the introduction of the new feature.</p></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><p>We find that most of the developers sampled own at least a badge, but we also observe an increasing number of users who choose to keep their profile private and opt out of displaying badges. Additionally, badges are generally poorly correlated with developers’ skills and dispositions such as timeliness and desire to collaborate. We also find that, except for the <span>Starstruck</span> badge (reflecting the number of followers), their introduction does not have an effect. Finally, the reaction of the community has been in general mixed, as developers find them appealing in principle but without a clear purpose and hardly reflecting their abilities in the current form.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions:</h3><p>We provide recommendations to the designers of the <span>GitHub</span>platform on how to improve the current implementation of personal badges as both a gamification mechanism and as sources of reliable cues for assessing the abilities of developers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54983,"journal":{"name":"Information and Software Technology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 107561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584924001666/pdfft?md5=7dc16813d20c4c9c7f058e8d063fcd37&pid=1-s2.0-S0950584924001666-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DCM-GIFT: An Android malware dynamic classification method based on gray-scale image and feature-selection tree","authors":"Jinfu Chen ,&nbsp;Zian Zhao ,&nbsp;Saihua Cai ,&nbsp;Xiao Chen ,&nbsp;Bilal Ahmad ,&nbsp;Luo Song ,&nbsp;Kun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context:</h3><p>The boom of Android market makes mobile products more popular and convenient. However, in the face of the complex Android application market, how to efficiently and accurately identify malware has become one of the focuses of research. Various new types of disguised malware lurk in the web pages, links and major application malls. Therefore, people’s privacy and property security have become a major obstacle to the continued development of mobile devices.</p></div><div><h3>Objective:</h3><p>Most of the existing malware classification methods are fixed on one or several types of characteristics of Android devices, such as static characteristics, dynamic characteristics and traffic characteristics. Single feature detection or fixed feature fusion models limit the dimension of detection software, and also cause imbalanced classification results. This paper proposes an Android Malware Dynamic Classification Method based on Gray-scale Image and Feature-selection Tree (DCM-GIFT), which aims to improve and stabilize the precision of Android software classification and enhance the robustness of malware classification.</p></div><div><h3>Method:</h3><p>In this paper, we construct gray-scale images for the original Android traffic to retain the characteristics of the time series and spatial structure of the original network traffic. At the same time, we take the dynamic information and static information of Android software as auxiliary features to build a feature selection tree. The feature-selection algorithm helps the classifier dynamically select the optimal feature fusion scheme, and the resulting fusion feature vector will be trained and predicted using machine learning clusters for model training.</p></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><p>We evaluate the performance of DCM-GIFT on multiple datasets published at the Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity, the area under the accuracy, precision, recall and <span><math><mrow><mi>F</mi><msub><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>. The results show that the proposed DCM-GIFT model has significantly better prediction performance compared to other software classification models.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion:</h3><p>It can be concluded that: (1) In terms of accuracy, precision, recall and <span><math><mrow><mi>F</mi><msub><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, the DCM-GIFT model has a higher average value. (2) The DCM-GIFT model effectively solves the problem of imbalanced classification results in Android software. (3) The DCM-GIFT model achieves the goal of dynamic feature fusion and significantly improves the utilization of system resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54983,"journal":{"name":"Information and Software Technology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 107560"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bringing architecture-based adaption to the mainstream","authors":"Negar Ghorbani,&nbsp;Joshua Garcia,&nbsp;Sam Malek","doi":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Software architecture has been shown to provide an appropriate level of granularity for representation of a managed software system and reasoning about the impact of adaptation choices on its properties. Software architecture-based adaptability is the ability to adapt a software system in terms of its architectural elements, such as its components and their interfaces. Despite its promise, architecture-based adaptation has remained largely elusive, mainly because it involves heavy engineering effort of making non-trivial changes to the manner in which a software system is implemented. In this paper, we present <span>Acadia</span>—a framework that automatically enables architecture-based adaptation of practically any Java 9+ application without requiring any changes to the implementation of the application itself. <span>Acadia</span> builds on the <em>Java Platform Module System (JPMS)</em>, which has brought extensive support for architecture-based development to Java 9 and subsequent versions. <span>Acadia</span> extends JPMS with the ability to provide and maintain a representation of an application’s architecture and make changes to it at runtime. The results of our experimental evaluation, conducted on three large open-source Java applications, indicate that <span>Acadia</span> is able to efficiently apply dynamic changes to the architecture of these applications without requiring any changes to their implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54983,"journal":{"name":"Information and Software Technology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 107550"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do software practitioners perceive human-centric defects?","authors":"Vedant Chauhan ,&nbsp;Chetan Arora ,&nbsp;Hourieh Khalajzadeh ,&nbsp;John Grundy","doi":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context:</h3><p>Human-centric software design and development prioritises the way users prefer to complete their jobs, rather than expecting users to adapt to the software. Software users can have different genders, ages, cultures, languages, disabilities, socioeconomic statuses, and educational backgrounds, among many other differences. Due to the inherently varied nature of these differences and their impact on software usage, preferences and issues of users can vary, resulting in user-specific defects that we term as <em>‘human-centric defects’ (HCDs)</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Objective:</h3><p>This research aims to understand the perception and current management practices of such HCDs by software practitioners, identify key challenges in reporting, understanding and fixing them, and provide recommendations to improve HCDs management in software engineering.</p></div><div><h3>Methods:</h3><p>We conducted a survey and interviews with software engineering practitioners to gauge their knowledge and experience on HCDs and the defect tracking process.</p></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><p>We analysed fifty (50) survey- and ten (10) interview-responses from SE practitioners and identified that there are multiple gaps in the current management of HCDs in software engineering practice. There is a lack of awareness regarding human-centric aspects, causing them to be lost or under-appreciated during software development. Our results revealed that handling HCDs could be improved by following a better feedback process with end-users, a more descriptive taxonomy, and suitable automation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion:</h3><p>HCDs, given their diverse end-user base, present a major challenge to software practitioners. In the software engineering domain, research on HCDs has been limited and requires effort from research and practice communities to create awareness and support for human-centric aspects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54983,"journal":{"name":"Information and Software Technology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 107549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095058492400154X/pdfft?md5=31ebde54765e3c996c418b4582749ef2&pid=1-s2.0-S095058492400154X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In memoriam of professor Guenther Ruhe: Contributions to the software product management research and practice","authors":"Hans-Bernd Kittlaus ,&nbsp;Andrey Saltan","doi":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For many years, Guenther Ruhe was a fellow of the International Software Product Management Association, playing an important role in shaping the academic and practical landscapes of Software Product Management (SPM). This editorial note honors Ruhe's enduring impact on the SPM Body of Knowledge, evaluating his extensive contributions to SPM research and practice, and recognizing his legacy in shaping the future trajectory of the field. By examining Ruhe's academic publications and his role in developing the SPM Body of Knowledge, we highlight key areas of his influence, particularly in release planning and requirements engineering. His integration of empirical research into SPM has notably enhanced the discipline's rigor and relevance. Ruhe's contributions to the SPM Body of Knowledge are profound and far-reaching, establishing his work as a cornerstone for ongoing research and practice in SPM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54983,"journal":{"name":"Information and Software Technology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 107548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584924001538/pdfft?md5=99aecd0b78aeb2502ea75938529a17d7&pid=1-s2.0-S0950584924001538-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"XDrain: Effective log parsing in log streams using fixed-depth forest","authors":"Changjian Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Tian ,&nbsp;Siyu Yu ,&nbsp;Donghui Gao ,&nbsp;Yifan Wu ,&nbsp;Suqun Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaochun Hu ,&nbsp;Ningjiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Logs record rich information that can help operators diagnose system failure <span><span>[1]</span></span>. Analyzing logs in log streams can expedite the diagnostic process and effectively mitigate the impact of failures. Log parsing is a prerequisite for automated log analysis, which transforms semi-structured logs into structured logs. However, the effectiveness of existing parsers has only been evaluated on a limited set of logs, which lack sufficient log types. After conducting a more comprehensive evaluation of the existing log parser, we identified the following deficiencies: (1) Variable-starting logs can make some log parsers error-prone. (2) The order of logs in a log stream can have a great impact on the effectiveness. We proposes XDrain to satisfy these challenges by using fixed-depth forest. XDrain first shuffles the order of logs and the order of words within each log a few times. Secondly, XDrain will generate parsing forest for all the logs generated after the shuffling. Finally, the final log template is generated by voting. Evaluation results show that XDrain outperforms existing log parsers on two widely-used accuracy metrics and is immune to inappropriate log order. XDrain only takes about 97.89 s to parse one million logs on average.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54983,"journal":{"name":"Information and Software Technology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 107546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Don’t forget to change these functions! recommending co-changed functions in modern code review","authors":"Yang Hong,&nbsp;Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn,&nbsp;Patanamon Thongtanunam,&nbsp;Aldeida Aleti","doi":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context:</h3><p>Code review is effective and widely used, yet still time-consuming. Especially, in large-scale software systems, developers may forget to change other related functions that must be changed together (aka. co-changes). This may increase the number of review iterations and reviewing time, thus delaying the code review process. Based on our analysis of 66 projects from five open-source systems, we find that there are 16%–33% of code reviews where at least one function must be co-changed, but was not initially changed.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives:</h3><p>This study aims to propose an approach to recommend co-changed functions in the context of modern code review, which could reduce reviewing time and iterations and help developers identify functions that need to be changed together.</p></div><div><h3>Methods:</h3><p>We propose <span>CoChangeFinder</span>, a novel method that employs a Graph Neural Network (GNN) to recommend co-changed functions for newly submitted code changes. Then, we conduct a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of <span>CoChangeFinder</span> with 66 studied large-scale open-source software projects.</p></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><p>Our evaluation results show that our <span>CoChangeFinder</span> outperforms the state-of-the-art approach, achieving 3.44% to 40.45% for top-k accuracy, 2.00% to 26.07% for Recall@k, and 0.04 to 0.21 for mean average precision better than the baseline approach. In addition, our <span>CoChangeFinder</span> demonstrates the capacity to pinpoint the functions related to logic changes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion:</h3><p>Our <span>CoChangeFinder</span> outperforms the baseline approach (i.e., TARMAQ) in recommending co-changed functions during the code review process. Based on our findings, <span>CoChangeFinder</span> could help developers save their time and effort, reduce review iterations, and enhance the efficiency of the code review process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54983,"journal":{"name":"Information and Software Technology","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 107547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584924001526/pdfft?md5=c441a69fab78652cf4e529fda2be63fc&pid=1-s2.0-S0950584924001526-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FCTree: Visualization of function calls in execution","authors":"Fangfang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yilun Fan ,&nbsp;Shenglan Lv ,&nbsp;Lijia Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhuo Chen ,&nbsp;Jian Yuan ,&nbsp;Feijiang Han ,&nbsp;Haojin Jiang ,&nbsp;Genghuai Bai ,&nbsp;Ying Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Function calls in execution contain rich bivariate, hierarchical, and chronological information. Many visualizations have been adopted to analyze function calls in execution for program testing, vulnerability locating, and malware detection. However, we conducted a pilot study and revealed that existing single-viewed function call visualizations fail to present the bivariate, hierarchical, and chronological information comprehensively. A new function call visualization named FCTree is proposed in this work to deal with this situation. Learned from advantages of existing visualizations and iterative discussions with actual users, FCTree uses a compact and aligned hierarchical layout design to present the bivariate and hierarchical information and adopts a glyph design to present the chronological information. Subjective and objective experiments in the laboratory and a field study in a real-world scenario were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of FCTree.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54983,"journal":{"name":"Information and Software Technology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 107545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rule-based decision model to support technical debt decisions: A multiple case study of web and mobile app startups","authors":"Abdullah Aldaeej ,&nbsp;Carolyn Seaman","doi":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><p>Software startups are immature software organizations that focus on the development of a single software product or service. This organizational context accumulates a lot of technical debt to cope with constraints such as limited resources and product-market fit uncertainty. While some research has explored technical debt in startups, there is no study that investigates how software startups should make technical debt decisions throughout the startup evolution stages.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective of this study is to understand how technical debt decisions are made, and how such decisions should have been made in hindsight.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We conducted a multiple embedded case study to investigate technical debt decisions in five web/mobile app startups. For each case, we interviewed the case founder and developer (a total of 17 participants across cases). In addition, we collected some public documents about the five startups. The data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We developed a rule-based decision model that summarizes the logic to effectively make technical debt decisions throughout the startup evolution stages. In addition, we evaluated the model by conducting follow-up interviews with three participants.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study provides a decision model that reflects actual practice, and is designed to help software teams in startups when making technical debt decisions throughout the startup evolution stages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54983,"journal":{"name":"Information and Software Technology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 107542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On meetings involving remote software teams: A systematic literature review","authors":"Anielle S.L. de Andrade ,&nbsp;Victoria Jackson ,&nbsp;Rafael Prikladnicki ,&nbsp;André van der Hoek","doi":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context:</h3><p>The adoption of remote work models and the global nature of software projects have significantly transformed collaboration and communication within the software development industry. Remote meetings have become a common means of collaboration for software development teams.</p></div><div><h3>Objective:</h3><p>This study seeks to enhance our understanding of remote meeting practices in software teams. It identifies the benefits of remote meetings, the problems associated with remote meetings, tools used to facilitate remote meetings and provides recommended good practices. The study employs a systematic literature review to assist remote teams in improving their meeting practices and identifying areas for future research.</p></div><div><h3>Methods:</h3><p>We conducted a systematic literature review that involved searching multiple databases and employing quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques on the identified set of studies to answer our research questions.</p></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><p>The search yielded 30 papers offering valuable insights into remote meeting practices in software teams. Remote meetings offer advantages over traditional in-person meetings such as increased effectiveness and ease of attendance. However, challenges exist such as technological issues, ineffective collaboration, and reduced team socialization. Identified good practices to mitigate the challenges include inserting breaks in longer meetings, catch-up time at the start of meeting, communicating goals in advance of the meeting, and pre-recording demos.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion:</h3><p>The study explored remote meetings in software teams. We identified advantages that remote meetings have in comparison to in-person meetings, challenges to remote meetings, and good practices along with supportive tooling. While the practices help in promoting effective meetings, additional research is required to further improve remote meeting experiences. Researching topics such as investigating different types of meetings common to software development teams along with the potential for novel tools to better support meetings will help identify additional practices and tools that can benefit remote teams.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54983,"journal":{"name":"Information and Software Technology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 107541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}