Alessandro Bonfiglio, Elisabetta Farella, David Tacconi, Raoul M Bongers
{"title":"Effects of Different Inertial Measurement Unit Sensor-to-Segment Calibrations on Clinical 3-Dimensional Humerothoracic Joint Angles Estimation.","authors":"Alessandro Bonfiglio, Elisabetta Farella, David Tacconi, Raoul M Bongers","doi":"10.1123/jab.2023-0276","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jab.2023-0276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calibrating inertial measurement units (IMUs) involves converting orientation data from a local reference frame into a clinically meaningful reference system. Several solutions exist but little work has been done to compare different calibration methods with each other and an optical motion capture system. Thirteen healthy subjects with no signs of upper limb injury were recruited for this study and instrumented with IMU sensors and optical markers. Three IMU calibration methods were compared: N-pose calibration, functional calibration, and manual alignment. Subjects executed simple single-plane single-joint tasks for each upper limb joint as well as more complex multijoint tasks. We performed a 3-way analysis of variance on range of motion error, root mean squared error, and offset to assess differences between calibrations, tasks, and anatomical axes. Differences in the 3 IMU calibrations are minor and not statistically significant for most tasks and anatomical axes, with the exception of the offset interaction calibration × axes (P < .001, ηG2=.056). Specifically, manual alignment gives the best offset estimation on the abduction/adduction and internal/external rotation axes. Therefore, we recommend the use of a static N-pose calibration procedure as the preferred IMU calibration method to model the humerothoracic joint, as this setup is the simplest as it only requires accurate positioning of the trunk sensor.</p>","PeriodicalId":54883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tadahiko Kato, Kei Maeda, Jun Mizushima, Akira Maeda
{"title":"Investigation of a Theoretical Model for the Rotational Shot Put Technique.","authors":"Tadahiko Kato, Kei Maeda, Jun Mizushima, Akira Maeda","doi":"10.1123/jab.2023-0233","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jab.2023-0233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biomechanics of the rotational shot put technique have been demonstrated. However, the causal relationships among kinematics and kinetics for achieving higher release velocity remain poorly understood. This study investigated these causal relationships among biomechanical variables for achieving a higher release velocity in the rotational shot put technique. The study included 22 male shot putters whose 3-dimensional motion was captured during official competitions. Key kinematic and kinetic variables throughout the shot put motion were calculated, as suggested by previous studies. Path analysis was used to explore a hierarchical model that postulates both direct and indirect effects among variables. The findings revealed that the impulse of the shot, system angular momentum, and system linear momentum were critical kinetic variables contributing directly to release velocity. Additionally, 8 kinematic variables significantly affected the impulse of the shot, including shoulder rotation, shot path length, and trunk tilt, while movements such as swings and extensions of the lower extremities were related to system momentum. This model not only provides a detailed understanding of the mechanics involved in the rotational technique but also informs technical coaching strategies in the shot put.</p>","PeriodicalId":54883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"528-536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebekah L Lawrence, Renee Ivens, Cheryl A Caldwell, Marcie Harris-Hayes
{"title":"The Effect of Scapular Orientation on Measures of Rotator Cuff Tendon Impingement: A Simulation Study.","authors":"Rebekah L Lawrence, Renee Ivens, Cheryl A Caldwell, Marcie Harris-Hayes","doi":"10.1123/jab.2024-0037","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jab.2024-0037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mechanical impingement of the rotator cuff tendons against the acromion (subacromial) and glenoid (internal) during shoulder motions has long been thought to contribute to tears. Clinically, the risk for impingement is thought to be influenced by scapular movement impairments. Therefore, our purpose was to determine the extent to which simulated changes in scapular orientation impact the proximity between the rotator cuff tendon footprint and the acromion and glenoid during scapular plane abduction. Specifically, shoulder kinematics were tracked in 25 participants using a high-speed biplane videoradiography system. Scapular movement impairments were simulated by rotating each participant's scapula from their in vivo orientation about the scapular axes (±2°, ±5°, and ±10°). Subacromial and internal proximities were described using minimum distances, proximity center locations, and prevalence of contact. Statistical parametric mapping was used to investigate the extent to which these measures were impacted by simulated changes in scapular orientation. Simulated changes in scapular orientation significantly altered proximity patterns in a complex manner that depended on the impingement mechanism, humerothoracic elevation angle, and magnitude of the simulated change. Clinicians should be mindful of these factors when interpreting the potential effects during a clinical examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":54883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"501-511"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madeleine E McCreary, Chloe M Lapish, Nora M Lewis, Ryland D Swearinger, Daniel P Ferris, Erika M Pliner
{"title":"Effects of Stroboscopic Goggles on Standing Balance in the Spatiotemporal and Frequency Domains: An Exploratory Study.","authors":"Madeleine E McCreary, Chloe M Lapish, Nora M Lewis, Ryland D Swearinger, Daniel P Ferris, Erika M Pliner","doi":"10.1123/jab.2023-0285","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jab.2023-0285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Balance training paradigms have been shown to effectively reduce fall risk. Visual feedback is an important sensory mechanism for regulating postural control, promoting visual perturbations for balance training paradigms. Stroboscopic goggles, which oscillate from transparent to opaque, are a form of visual perturbation, but their effect on standing balance has not been assessed. In this study, 29 participants stood in bilateral and tandem stances as the center of pressure was recorded for 6 consecutive minutes wherein there were no stroboscopic perturbations in the first and last minutes. Spatial-temporal, frequency domain, and nonlinear standing balance parameters were calculated for each period. More differences in spatial-temporal parameters due to the strobe were found in the medial-lateral direction than the anterior-posterior direction. More differences in frequency domain parameters were observed in the anterior-posterior direction than the medial-lateral direction, but this did not occur for each variable. The nonlinear parameters were strongly affected by the strobe. Stroboscopic perturbations did not affect the bilateral and tandem stances equally. Spatial-temporal parameters for the tandem stance were greater in magnitude during the strobe period than the no strobe periods. This effect was not seen with the bilateral stance. This indicates that the efficacy of stroboscopic perturbations for challenging standing balance depends on task difficulty. Balance training paradigms that utilize stroboscopic perturbations will need to harmonize these perturbations with task difficulty.</p>","PeriodicalId":54883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"462-469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relationship Between Supporting Leg Stiffness and Trunk Kinematics of the Kicking Leg During Soccer Kicking.","authors":"Akihiro Tamura,Keita Shimura,Yuri Inoue","doi":"10.1123/jab.2023-0301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.2023-0301","url":null,"abstract":"The stiffness of the supporting leg may alter the energy transfer to the trunk and lower extremities of the kicking leg, which may affect kick performance. This study aimed to clarify whether the stiffness of the supporting leg affects the trunk kinematics during kicking and kicking performance in soccer players. Twenty-two male collegiate soccer players participated in the study. The data for the stiffness properties of the supporting leg and trunk kinematics were obtained and calculated using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system. The results showed that a greater leg stiffness of the supporting leg was associated with a lower trunk rotation angle during kicking. There were no significant correlations between the maximum swing speed and the stiffness of the supporting leg (P < .05). These results suggest that stiffness of the supporting leg may restrain trunk rotation during the kicking motion. However, the lack of a relationship with swing speed indicates the need for further investigation into its effects on kicking performance.","PeriodicalId":54883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomechanics","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
McKenzie S White, Lucia M Mancini, Luke Stoneback, Riann M Palmieri-Smith, Lindsey K Lepley
{"title":"Chronic Adaptions in Quadriceps Fascicle Mechanics Are Related to Altered Knee Biomechanics After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.","authors":"McKenzie S White, Lucia M Mancini, Luke Stoneback, Riann M Palmieri-Smith, Lindsey K Lepley","doi":"10.1123/jab.2023-0252","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jab.2023-0252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), patients exhibit abnormal walking mechanics and quadriceps dysfunction. Quadriceps dysfunction has been largely attributed to muscle atrophy and weakness. While important, these factors do not capture intrinsic properties of muscle that govern its ability to generate force and withstand load. While fascicle abnormalities after ACLR have been documented in early stages of recovery (<12 mo), long-term effects of ACLR on fascicle mechanics remain unexplored. We evaluated quadriceps fascicle mechanics during walking 3 years post-ACLR and examined the relationship with knee mechanics. Participants included 24 individuals with ACLR and 24 Controls. Linear mixed models compared the ACLR, Contralateral, and Controls limbs for (1) quadriceps strength, (2) fascicle architecture and mechanics, and (3) knee mechanics. No difference in strength or overall fascicle length excursions was found between limbs. The ACLR limb exhibited longer fascicles at heel strike and peak knee extension moment (P < .001-.004), and smaller fascicle angles at heel strike, peak knee extension moment, and overall suppressed fascicle angle excursions (P < .001-.049) relative to the Contralateral and/or Control limb. This indicates an abnormality in fascicle architecture and mechanics following ACLR and suggests abnormalities in contractile function that cannot be explained by muscle weakness and may contribute to long-term gait irregularities.</p>","PeriodicalId":54883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"346-355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harry S Battersby, Ryan J Evans, Iwi J Eghobamien, Derek N Pamukoff
{"title":"Measurement Position Influences Sex Comparisons of Distal Femoral Cartilage Thickness With Ultrasound Imaging.","authors":"Harry S Battersby, Ryan J Evans, Iwi J Eghobamien, Derek N Pamukoff","doi":"10.1123/jab.2024-0006","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jab.2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose was to examine (1) the effect of measurement position and sex on femoral cartilage outcomes, and (2) the association between gait biomechanics and cartilage outcomes. Fifty individuals participated (25 males and 25 females; age = 20.62 [1.80] y). Ultrasound measured femoral cartilage thickness and echo-intensity at 90°, 115°, and 140° of knee flexion. Gait outcomes included the external knee adduction and knee flexion moments. Cartilage outcomes were compared using 2 (sex) × 3 (position) repeated-measures analysis of variance. Gait and cartilage associations were assessed using stepwise regression. Medial cartilage was thicker when measured at 90° compared with 115° (P = .02) and 140° (P < .01), and 115° compared with 140°, (P < .01) in males but not in females. Cartilage was thicker at 90° compared with 140° across both sexes within all regions (P < .01). Males had thicker cartilage than females in all positions (P < .01). Echo-intensity was lower at 90° than 115° (P < .01) and 140° (P = .01) in the central and lower at 90° than at 115° (P < .01) and 140° (P = .03) in lateral regions. No association was found between gait and cartilage outcomes. Ultrasound imaging position effects cartilage features more in males compared with females. Imaging position and sex influence cartilage outcomes and should be considered in study designs and clinical evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"333-345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joshua M Leonardis, Alyssa J Schnorenberg, Lawrence C Vogel, Gerald F Harris, Brooke A Slavens
{"title":"Sex-Related Differences in Shoulder Complex Joint Dynamics Variability During Pediatric Manual Wheelchair Propulsion.","authors":"Joshua M Leonardis, Alyssa J Schnorenberg, Lawrence C Vogel, Gerald F Harris, Brooke A Slavens","doi":"10.1123/jab.2022-0276","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jab.2022-0276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than 80% of adult manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injuries will experience shoulder pain. Females and those with decreased shoulder dynamics variability are more likely to experience pain in adulthood. Sex-related differences in shoulder dynamics variability during pediatric manual wheelchair propulsion may influence the lifetime risk of pain. We evaluated the influence of sex on 3-dimensional shoulder complex joint dynamics variability in 25 (12 females and 13 males) pediatric manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury. Within-subject variability was quantified using the coefficient of variation. Permutation tests evaluated sex-related differences in variability using an adjusted critical alpha of P = .001. No sex-related differences in sternoclavicular or acromioclavicular joint kinematics or glenohumeral joint dynamics variability were observed (all P ≥ .042). Variability in motion, forces, and moments are considered important components of healthy joint function, as reduced variability may increase the likelihood of repetitive strain injury and pain. While further work is needed to generalize our results to other manual wheelchair user populations across the life span, our findings suggest that sex does not influence joint dynamics variability in pediatric manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":54883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"112-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138178041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Combined Influence of Infant Carrying Method and Motherhood on Gait Mechanics.","authors":"Kathryn L Havens, Sarah Goldrod, Erin M Mannen","doi":"10.1123/jab.2023-0127","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jab.2023-0127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postpartum mothers are susceptible to lumbopelvic pain which may be exacerbated by loading, like carrying their infant in arms and with baby carriers. Nulliparous women carrying infant mannequins may biomechanically mimic mother-infant dyad, but this has not been studied. The purpose of our study was to investigate biomechanical differences of 10 mothers carrying their infants and 10 nulliparous women carrying infant mannequins under 3 gait conditions: carrying nothing, carrying in arms, and carrying in a baby carrier (babywearing). Spatiotemporal gait parameters, peak ground reaction forces and impulses, and lower extremity and trunk kinematics were collected using motion capture and force plates and compared using a mixed 2 × 3 (parity × condition) analysis of variance (α ≤ .05). The largest differences occurred between carrying conditions: carrying in arms or babywearing increased vertical and anteroposterior ground reaction forces, trunk extension, ankle dorsiflexion, and hip and knee flexion. Kinematic differences were identified between arms and babywearing conditions. Together this suggests alterations in joint loading for both groups. Our study also contributes a novel understanding of postpartum health by demonstrating alterations in step time, anterior forces, and ankle and knee mechanics, suggesting that during gait, mothers carrying their own infants choose different propulsive strategies than nulliparous women carrying mannequins.</p>","PeriodicalId":54883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138178042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimentally Induced Pain Results in Reduced Activity of the Rotator Cuff Muscles in Healthy Subjects.","authors":"Jennifer L Cooper, Andrew R Karduna","doi":"10.1123/jab.2022-0006","DOIUrl":"10.1123/jab.2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shoulder pain is a complex, prevalent problem that is multifactorial in nature. While there are many potential causes, one common suspect is the rotator cuff musculature. The purpose of the present study was to induce pain in the supraspinatus muscle of healthy subjects and observe the resulting changes in muscle activity. Eight muscles on 23 subjects were assessed using electromyography: anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid; pectoralis major; upper trapezius; latissimus dorsi; serratus anterior; supraspinatus; and infraspinatus. It was hypothesized that the rotator cuff muscles would display reduced activity during pain, and that reductions in activity would remain after the pain had dissipated. Both of the rotator cuff muscles measured did indeed display reduced activity in a majority of the dynamic, isometric, and maximal contractions. Many of those reductions remained after the pain had subsided.</p>","PeriodicalId":54883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71489093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}