Journal of Applied Geophysics最新文献

{"title":"A comparison and combination of stable platform and strapdown airborne gravimeters","authors":"Felix Johann ,&nbsp;Hannes Eisermann ,&nbsp;Graeme Eagles","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Airborne gravimetry is an important technique for gravity field determination and sub-surface interpretations in geophysics and exploration. Traditionally, stable platform gravimeters were used, which maintained the gravity sensor's alignment with the local vertical. Recent advancements resulted in an increased utilisation of strapdown gravimeters. This study compares the performance of a GT-2A stable platform gravimeter and an iMAR iNAV-RQH-1003 strapdown gravimeter, which were operated simultaneously in an airborne campaign at East Antarctica. Furthermore, novel combination approaches for the individual gravimeter solutions are presented and assessed. The strapdown gravimeter demonstrated superior overall precision (1.71 mGal without crossover adjustment, 1 mGal = 10⁻⁵ m/s²), lower high-frequency noise and lower line-to-line biases compared to the GT-2A (2.40 mGal) but was susceptible to significant flight-to-flight biases. However, the elimination of these flight biases is possible through the estimation of a single bias per flight via crossover adjustment. Moreover, the benefits of strapdown technology, including reduced space, weight, and operational requirements, contribute to the growing preference for strapdown over stable platform gravimeters. All combination approaches yielded improved solutions compared to the single gravimeter results, despite the different noise levels of the single gravimeter results. After crossover adjustment, a precision of 1.0 mGal was obtained. This highlights the potential for enhanced gravity field determination when using two or more high-precision gravimeters, provided that their frequency-dependent noise characteristics are considered appropriately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 105826"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of recent GOCE-based global geopotential models using Terrestrial Gravity stations in Egypt","authors":"Gomaa M. Dawod,&nbsp;Essam M. Al-Krargy","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the performance of six satellite-only GOCE-based Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) released between 2018 and 2023. They include the WHU-SWPU-GOGR2022S, GOSG2S, Tongji-GMMG2021S, GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R6, IGGT_R1C, and GOSG01S models. The assessment has been carried out using 221 first-order observed gravity stations in Egypt where 16 of them are of absolute gravity measurements. In addition, the assessment comprises the World Gravity Map 2012 (WGM 2012) as another unique open-source of gravity information worldwide. The accomplished findings have demonstrated that the WHU-SWPU-GOGR2022S model produces the least standard deviation of ±11.272 mGal over the available absolute gravity stations. On relative gravity points, the GOSG2S is the accurate GGM a with standard deviation equals ±15.480 mGal. Even though the WGM 2012 is not a GOCE-based GGM it has produced standard deviations of ±7.598 and ± 12.296 mGal at absolute and relative gravity locations respectively. Thus based on the available datasets and attained results, it can be concluded that the WGM 2012 and the WHU-SWPU-GOGR2022S GGM precisely describe the Earth's gravitational field over Egypt in particular. Furthermore, it is recommended to utilize those two sources of free-air gravity anomalies in geodetic activities chiefly for local geoid modelling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 105815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrophysical log responses of a core-drilled from the granite-gneiss complex of the Rio Negro Magmatic Arc (Neoproterozoic of Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil)","authors":"Viktor Souto Louback,&nbsp;Patrick Führ Dal’ Bó,&nbsp;Pedro Henrique Alves Novaes,&nbsp;Caio Almeida Paula,&nbsp;Caio Almeida Carvalho,&nbsp;Marco Antônio Braga,&nbsp;João Paulo Porto Barros,&nbsp;Maria Filipa Perez Gama,&nbsp;Alan Souza Cunha","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In many exploration projects, drill cores are not always recovered due to the high costs involved in drilling, recovering and storage. In some cases, the benefits of core recovery outweigh the costs and limitations, while in others it may be more advantageous to use alternative methods to obtain relevant information about the drilled hole. This study presents a vertical succession of rocks from the Rio Negro Magmatic Arc that are not normally seen because drill cores are rare and areas with vertical outcrops are difficult to access. The aim of this study is to correlate the petrophysical data measured in the UFRJ-01-RJ borehole with the geological features observed in the drill core in order to generate electrical facies that can be applied to other boreholes. In this work, wireline logging was carried out using optical and acoustic televiewers as well as bulk density, gamma ray and caliper. The rocks from borehole UFRJ-01-RJ belong to the Rio Negro Complex and returned 39.6 m of a sequence of orthogneisses interbedded with granites and pegmatites. Six main lithotypes were identified in the profiles based on differences in color, grain size, texture and fracture, which were easily recognizable in the core. The caliper profile shows practically no variations, as the gneisses are little altered. The bulk density showed only slight fluctuations throughout the borehole recording an average value of 2.62 g/cm³. The optical televiewer proved to be very useful for observing differences in color, grain size and orientation of the foliation, while the acoustic televiewer identified fracture zones and textural differences in the rocks. The bulk density and natural gamma ray values were found to be inversely proportional for most of the rocks in borehole UFRJ-01-RJ. This is due to the different mineralogy of the rocks, which alternate between mafic portions (with higher density and lower potassium content) and felsic portions rich in K-feldspar (with lower density and higher potassium content). The analysis of the different electrical facies patterns obtained with optical and acoustic televiewers made it possible to draw up a facies table of the main lithotypes described. These image features, in combination with gamma ray and bulk density profiles, proved to be of high value in identifying the lithotypes. Therefore, the geophysical tools used herein can equalize the lack of drill cores in many geological studies even for when applied for lithologies not commonly studied by geophysical methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 105807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of correlation and stacking techniques for retrieving reflected waves out of seismic ambient noise data: Case study of Dehdasht, Iran","authors":"Fatemeh Alsadat Tayeb Hosseini ,&nbsp;Zaher-Hossein Shomali ,&nbsp;Javad Jamali ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Hatami","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to identify the most appropriate correlation and stacking techniques for high-resolution retrieval of body-wave reflections from seismic ambient noise fields. To this end, four correlation and two stacking techniques, including classical cross-correlation, geometrically normalized cross-correlation, cross-coherency, phase cross-correlation, linear stacking, and time-frequency phase-weighted stacking, were applied to synthetic dataset, and the results were compared. Furthermore, different combinations of the four correlation and the two stacking methods were developed and applied to passive-seismic data acquired in Dehdasht, southwest Iran. Low-frequency array filtering was successfully employed to attenuate coherent linear events and hence improve the retrieval of target reflection hyperbolas. Regarding the retrieval of seismic reflections from Dehdasht data, optimal outputs were obtained using a combination of the classical cross-correlation with linear stacking. Two other combinations also demonstrated promising results: phase cross correlation combined with time-frequency phase weighted stacking and classical cross-correlation combined with time-frequency phase weighted stacking. Adaptive covariance filtering was codified and applied to correlograms corresponding to the passive seismic data acquired over 5 days, indicating its effectiveness in extracting linear events rather than reconstructing reflection hyperbolas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 105824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on time-frequency-fractal characteristics of EMR signals and energy evolution during coal rock rupture at different loading conditions","authors":"Xinyu Sun ,&nbsp;Baolin Li ,&nbsp;Enyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhonghui Li ,&nbsp;Xiong Cao ,&nbsp;Meng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) monitoring technology has the advantages of non-contact testing, high sensitivity, and reflecting much information (stress, deformation, and rupture), which has the prospect of application in rock burst disaster monitoring. Defining the characteristics of EMR signals from coal-rock ruptures is the basis for the application of this technology. During the occurrence of rock burst, coal and rock will be loaded in different ways (uniaxial loading, cyclic loading, graded loading). There are differences in the rupture process of coal and rock at different loading conditions, and the EMR signals will also show different characteristics. However, the current EMR signal characteristics of coal rock loading process are mostly focused on the uniaxial loading time and frequency domain, and lacks the comparison and analysis of EMR characteristics at different loading conditions. Therefore, compression experiments at different loading conditions were designed to analyze the EMR signals in the time domain, frequency domain, and fractal analysis of the whole process of coal rock compression, and discussed the process of energy evolution. The results show that: before coal-rock damage, in the time domain, the EMR energy and counts in general show a “sudden change type” or “slowly rising type”, which is highly correlated with the energy dissipation rate, and the dissipative energy is proportional to the average EMR energy; in the frequency domain, the center frequency will be shifted to the low frequency. Coal center frequency varies more widely at uniaxial loading and decreases less at cyclic and graded loading. The more violent the coal rock rupture is, the lower the center frequency is; in the fractal, ∆<em>α</em> shows a gradual increase or a sudden increase before coal-rock damage. The overall ∆<em>α</em> of coal is the highest at uniaxial loading, and ∆<em>α</em> is close to the same at the cyclic and graded loading. Rock usually has lower ∆<em>α</em> than coal, and similar in size regardless of the loading conditions. Coal rock rupture EMR time-frequency-fractal multi-parameter co-characterize of its response is more comprehensive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 105823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on compound dynamic disaster mechanism of deep tectonic-outburst coal seam and regional-local warning technology: A case study of Pingmei No.8 Mine","authors":"Gang Yang ,&nbsp;Dazhao Song ,&nbsp;Xueqiu He ,&nbsp;Liming Qiu ,&nbsp;Yingjie Zhao ,&nbsp;Yujie Peng ,&nbsp;Yi Zhu ,&nbsp;Peiwu Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are significant differences between deep outburst coal seam compound dynamic disaster and shallow outburst coal and gas disaster in main control factors and manifestation forms. This paper studies the occurrence mechanism and manifestation form of the compound dynamic disaster of deep tectonic-outburst coal seam, and puts forward the regional-local monitoring and warning technology based on the disaster mechanism. The microseismic system monitoring is used to monitor the disturbing power source, and the seismic wave CT inversion technology is used to invert the foundation stress of the workface, so as to predict the zoning and classification of the workface danger. The acoustic emission, electromagnetic radiation and gas early warning index and multi-parameter integrated early warning model were established, and the compound dynamic disaster risk of the mining face was monitored and warned in real time by calculating the comprehensive early warning R value. The engineering test of regional and local monitoring and early warning system is carried out in the deep mining face of Pingmei No. 8. In the dangerous area predicted by stress concentration area and the dynamic load disturbance area, the gas emission anomaly and the abnormal check value appear continuously in the predicted. The local acoustic-electric-gas monitoring and warning system realized abnormal gas emission early warning 1 h in advance, and abnormal check value early warning 17 h in advance, which verified the reliability of region-local prediction and warning technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 105822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypothetical analysis of ground deformation and its effects on archaeological sites of the Silk roads with SBAS-DInSAR: An exploratory application in Xi'an City, China","authors":"Meng Zhu ,&nbsp;Liang Tao ,&nbsp;Fulong Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Zhou ,&nbsp;Wei Zhou ,&nbsp;Xun Yao ,&nbsp;Xiaohuan Xi ,&nbsp;Wenbo Li ,&nbsp;Jianyang Chang ,&nbsp;Hongqiang Li ,&nbsp;Sheng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>“Silk Roads: Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor” is a series of heritage sites inscribed in the World Heritage List. Heritage sites are vulnerable to local ground deformations, but corresponding measurements to the Silk Roads are lacking. Xi'an City is the eastern origin of the Silk Roads and boasts the most sites of all cities along the corridor. Moreover, differential ground deformation in Xi'an has been given more prominence. The Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) is one of the time-series techniques analyzing a stack of multiple SAR image pairs to measure ground deformations, and has been well-assessed for heritage studies. Here we provide technical insights and references by investigating the ground's deformations through the use of SBAS-DInSAR, in some areas integrated with ground-based geodetic techniques to derive digital models of heritage entities. Specifically, we processed 97 Sentinel-1 SAR images from 2019 to 2022 through SBAS-DInSAR. The results revealed that the Great Wild Goose Pagoda (GWGP) and Small Wild Goose Pagoda (SWGP) were located at uplifting areas, while the Weiyang Palace (WP) of the Western Han Dynasty was located in a subsiding area. Along the Line-of-Sight direction, the uplifting rates at GWGP and SWGP exceeded 9 mm/year, and the time series showed positive correlations with groundwater recharging. Based on the fundamental assumption that injections into the aquifer resulted in uplifting, groundwater recharging nearby benefited the restoration of the GWGP, providing an insightful example for the treatment of leaning problems in other ancient buildings. The south palace wall of WP was subsiding less than 4 mm/year. The Daming Palace of the Tang Dynasty remained stable throughout the monitoring period. The Xingjiaosi Pagodas (XP) remained stable with ∼1 mm of accumulative deformation until May 2022 when a subsiding trend was observed. On-site observations and numerical modeling revealed the southwest-leaning status of Xuanzang Pagoda (XZP) at XP, which may be exacerbated by the local northwest leaning observed by InSAR. The findings were speculative and lacked quantitative validation or ground-truth support. Nevertheless, InSAR documents the past, while 3D laser scanning records the present. Analyzing the scientific data from the past and present is of great significance for future preservations of World Heritages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 105816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rock physics application for shaly sand evaluation: A case study for Lower Nubian Sandstone Reservoir, Eastern Sirte Basin, Libya","authors":"Bahia M. Ben Ghawar ,&nbsp;Fathi M. Salloum ,&nbsp;Azealdeen Salih Al-Jawadi ,&nbsp;Yaseen S. Shebani","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rock physics makes significant improvements in assessing reservoir characteristics. Rock physical parameters such as velocity ratio (Vp/Vs), acoustic impedance (AI), LamdaRho (λρ), and MuRho (μρ) can provide vital information about lithology, diagenetic history, and elasticity. As a result, six oil wells in the Abu Attifel Oil Field, a massive rock reservoir in Libya's Eastern Sirte Basin, are subjected to the use of rock physics templates (RPT) of the Lower Nubian Sandstone Formation (L.N.S.s) from the Cretaceous. Thus, the petrophysical evaluation of these rocks reveals a clastic sequence composed of sandstone, shale, and shaly sand lithofacies, with an average total porosity of 15 %. Furthermore, it has a triple division, defined by gamma ray (GR) and photoelectric factor (PEF) logs. In addition, montmorillonite, mixed-layer, muscovite, illite, and kaolinite are the most common clay minerals in the triple division.</div><div>In contrast, the (Vp/Vs) ratio versus AI cross plots of the L.N.S.s Formation shows that cementing and brine sand are the primary diagenetic processes of the three divisions of the L.N.S.s. The pressure and shale zones recognize the Middle Lower Nubian Sandstone M.L.N.S.s division. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the (λρ) and (μρ) parameters revealed greater values of λρ than μρ of the formation, indicating the presence of incompressible water and low stiffness. In addition, Poisson's ratio (PR) values greater than 0.28 emphasize the reservoir's low rigidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 105813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case study of chromium-containing solid waste deposit quantitation through time domain induced polarization signatures in a non-engineered waste disposal site","authors":"Chunmei Han ,&nbsp;Ruijue Zhao ,&nbsp;Weidong Li ,&nbsp;Shiliang Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Meng ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Deqiang Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid waste deposits are one of the leading environmental crises in soil and groundwater protection, and their negative impacts will last for decades. In recent years, geophysical methods have been recognized as effective techniques for providing imaging of environmental investigations. A time domain induced polarization (TDIP) survey was undertaken to map solid waste deposits and discriminate contaminant types, supplemented by borehole logs and soil sample analyses. The whole dataset was inverted using a laterally constrained inversion scheme for reconstructing the electrical parameters of soils in terms of electrical resistivity and phase. The results reveal resistivity &lt;2 Ωm or phase &gt;10 mrad zones that show a good agreement with the extent of chromium-containing sludge or municipal solid waste. The thickness and location of waste types from surface measurements are further validated and quantified by borehole information. Four zones of solid waste deposits are discriminated with a total volume of 42,355 m³. TDIP responses also expose a quasi-linear relationship with concentrations of total chromium and total organic carbon. In conclusion, the non-invasive TDIP survey provides quantitative information for future land planning and remediation actions in the area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 105820"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shear wave velocity-based liquefaction geohazard study of alluvial deposit in the south of the foothills of tectonically active Himalayan region","authors":"Abul Aas,&nbsp;Satish Kumar Sinha,&nbsp;Krishna Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Jitendra Argal","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105818","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Moderate-size earthquakes, and the presence of water saturated soil in the near surface can trigger the liquefaction geohazard causing buildings to settle / tilt or collapse, damaging bridges, dams, and roads. A number of paleo-seismic research have focused on the Himalayan area as a potential site for liquefaction.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The present study site is in the south of the tectonically active Himalayan foothills and lies in earthquake Seismic Zone III. Therefore, the region can experience earthquakes from nearby regions and can potentially damage civil infrastructures due to liquefaction. The objective of this paper is to determine the susceptibility of alluvial soil deposits to liquefaction for seismic hazard and risk mitigation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Liquefaction geohazard study of alluvial deposits was carried out using shear wave velocity (&lt;em&gt;Vs&lt;/em&gt;) profiling. Preliminary assessment of the soil is made by building the average shear wave velocity map up to 30 m depth (&lt;em&gt;Vs30&lt;/em&gt;) and by constructing the corrected shear wave velocity (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) maps. It was observed from the &lt;em&gt;Vs30&lt;/em&gt; map that a major portion of the studied area lies in Site Class CD and only a small portion lies in Site Class D. Moreover, it is also noticed from the &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; map that a smaller section of the area has &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; lower than the upper limit of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∗&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (215 m/s) below which liquefaction may occur. The region showing lower values of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; is further examined for liquefaction hazard as per the guidelines given by &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Andrus et al. (2004)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Resistance of the soil to liquefaction, stated as cyclic resistance ratio (CRR), and the magnitude of cyclic loading on the soil induced by the earthquake shaking, stated as cyclic stress ratio (CSR) are computed for the area. Several maps of factor of safety (FS) for different depths are prepared by taking the ratio of CSR and CRR. When FS &lt; 1, the soil is considered prone to liquefaction. Furthermore, susceptibility of soil to liquefaction against different peak horizontal ground surface acceleration (PHGSA) and varying depth of water table is also evaluated in terms of factor of safety. It is observed from this study that for lower levels of PHGSA (up to 0.175 g) the soil can be considered safe. However, the soil becomes more vulnerable to liquefaction when PHGSA is above 0.175 g and with rising water table. The comparison of the factor of safety (FS) obtained using the SPT-N method and the &lt;em&gt;Vs&lt;/em&gt;-derived approach shows consistent results, with both methods confirming the absence of liquefaction in the studied so","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 105818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}