Journal of Applied Geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Facies associations dispersion via rule-based simulation with genetic algorithm and kriging: A methodology conditioned by seismic facies","authors":"Luciano Garim Garcia ,&nbsp;Vinícius Lôndero ,&nbsp;Eric Lubín Cayo ,&nbsp;Andressa Bressane ,&nbsp;Ariane Santos da Silveira ,&nbsp;Paulo Roberto Moura de Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rule-based simulation of facies is a valuable tool in oil and gas field exploration. The manuscript presents a hybrid methodology for simulating facies associations, using paleobathymetry as the main data and seismic facies as the secondary. A dispersion model of facies, which is based on paleobathymetry and wave energy is proposed, and the parameters of this dispersion are optimized via genetic algorithm, using seismic facies. The relationship between seismic facies e facies associations is quantified in order to construct a fitness function used in genetic algorithm to select good parameters for the dispersion model. In order to refine the model generated by the genetic algorithm, we use indicator kriging to adjust the simulation to the available well data. The methodology was applied to data from the Sapinhoa field-Brazil, focusing on three ages, 113 Ma, 114 Ma, and 115 Ma. The results obtained demonstrate that the simulated facies association maps largely respect the geometries observed in the seismic facies, and at the same time, honor the data from wells along the simulated area. The results demonstrate that the simulated facies association maps largely respect the geometries observed in the seismic facies while honoring well data across the simulated area. This approach addresses the inherent uncertainties and biases in traditional facies modeling, providing a more reliable and automated method for calibrating facies intervals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 105524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating pore pressure in tight sandstone gas reservoirs: A comprehensive approach integrating rock physics models and deep neural networks","authors":"Han Jin,&nbsp;Cai Liu,&nbsp;Zhiqi Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pore pressure serves as an important driving power for subsurface fluid migration and therefore has a significant impact on gas accumulation and enrichment in tight sandstone reservoirs. Tight gas is typically produced in overpressure regions, where pressure coefficients are notably elevated. Thus, it is crucial to establish an effective methodology for precise pore pressure estimation. This study introduces an approach to improve pore pressure prediction by incorporating rock physical modeling and deep neural networks (DNNs) into the classical Eaton method. Compared to conventional techniques relying on empirical correlations between pressure coefficients and elastic properties, the proposed method considers the influence of porosity, fluids, and lithology, which could enhance reliability in pore pressure prediction. Meanwhile, a prediction model is developed using logging data and DNNs to estimate mineralogical volumetric fractions based on elastic properties. This prediction model allows improved estimation of rock matrix elastic properties using seismic-inverted data, which is crucial for estimating normal compaction velocity to extend pore pressure prediction from individual boreholes to the whole study area. Real data applications demonstrate that the predicted pressure coefficients derived from seismic data using the method presented in this paper align well with the gas enrichment estimated in previous studies for the tight sandstone reservoirs. Furthermore, regions with high values of pressure coefficients correspond to high gas content. These findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, which can provide valuable insights for identifying potential tight sandstone reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 105526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pn-wave spectral inversion technique based on trust region reflective algorithm","authors":"Wang Weiping,&nbsp;Wang Hongchun,&nbsp;Zhu Haofeng,&nbsp;Xu Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper suggests utilizing the trust region reflective (TRR) algorithm to address the inverse problem related to seismic spectrum analysis of Pn waves. By applying this approach, it becomes feasible to simultaneously deduce the seismic moment, corner frequency, tomographic model of Pn-wave attenuation, and site responses while incorporating appropriate constraints based on prior knowledge to ensure solution accuracy. The efficacy of this method has been validated using synthetic data. Specifically, the recorded Pn waves from four underground explosions in North Korea were employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique. The derived seismic moment and corner frequency for these events were found to align with the characteristics of the seismic data, earthquake magnitude calculations, and empirical data. The resulting tomographic model of Pn-wave attenuation revealed a spatial distribution of high and low attenuation, indicating significant lithospheric heterogeneity in northeastern China. Areas with low <em>Q</em>_<em>0</em> and low <em>η</em>, such as the Xialiaohe Basin and southwestern Changbai Mountain, suggest a high-temperature environment in the upper mantle cap layer or the presence of molten substances. Conversely, regions with high <em>Q</em>_<em>0</em> and high <em>η</em>, like the northern Changbai Mountain and the vicinity of the eastern Tanlu Fault Zone, characterized by high Pn-wave velocity and thick crust, indicate minimal modification or destruction in the lithosphere. Furthermore, site responses were determined for 75 seismic stations in northeastern China, with their characteristics preliminarily analyzed and interpreted in conjunction with geological context. The iterative process based on the TRR algorithm for Pn-wave spectral inversion proposed in this study demonstrates robust convergence and enhances the fitting accuracy of the observed spectrum. The inversion outcomes from this spectral technique yielded synthetic Pn-wave spectra that closely matched the observed spectra of the four underground explosions in North Korea across various frequency bands for over 90 % of the stations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 105525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of reservoir properties using pre-stack seismic inversion and neural network in mature oil field, Upper Assam basin, India","authors":"Pawan Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Uma Shankar","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mature oil fields require comprehensive characterization for enhanced hydrocarbon production, and subsequently demands estimation of reservoir properties. The key properties viz. volume of clay, effective-porosity, hydrocarbon-saturation has been evaluated for an aging Oligocene reservoir of Upper Assam basin, located in northeastern India from seismic and well log data. Elastic properties (acoustic and shear impedance) and density are derived from pre-stack inversion of 3D seismic data. These elastic properties are analyzed for their sensitivity for discrimination of lithology and fluid-content, and many derived attributes are computed from elastic properties. These attributes are assessed for their predictability to predict the target reservoir properties using multi-attribute analysis. For each of the target property neural network is trained with the most predictable attributes, and multi-dimensional, non-linear neural network models are created using multilayered feed forward neural network (MLFN), followed by Probabilistic neural network (PNN). The specific neural network models for each target property are employed for quantitative estimate of volume of clay, effective-porosity, hydrocarbon-saturation in inter-well regions. The estimated properties leverage the identification of untapped oil reserves and provide promising opportunity for enhanced production through drilling of infill wells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 105523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the relationships between radon and the geology of the Sterkfontein cave","authors":"Jacques Bezuidenhout,&nbsp;Rikus le Roux","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, has become a subject of increasing interest and concern, particularly in the context of subterranean environments such as caves. This research investigates these dynamics in the Sterkfontein Cave in South Africa, which has formed in the karst geology of the Cradle of Humankind, Gauteng. Additionally, it set out to compile a radon map for the cave, identifying potential radon hotspots. Twenty-four electret ion chambers were placed in the tourist section of the cave and left for a period of 24 h. The radon concentrations were found to be between 53 Bq/m³ and 2770 Bq/m³. Three regions within the cave exhibited elevated radon concentrations, with these occurrences being linked to phosphatic deposits. A subterranean lake also concentrates radon gas in the lower areas of the cave. While the cave's average radon concentration of 427 Bq/m³ exceeds the World Health Organization's (WHO) hazardous level of 300 Bq/m³, occupational exposure remains minimal during a typical cave tour. Consequently, there is no discernible risk during an average tour through the cave.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 105522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926985124002386/pdfft?md5=aa0967d3569c91a3206885e33d9f7cce&pid=1-s2.0-S0926985124002386-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic acquisition systems based on RTH method","authors":"Vadim Agafonov ,&nbsp;Vitaliy Bryksin ,&nbsp;Gennady Erokhin ,&nbsp;Andrey Ronzhin","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conventional seismic acquisition systems deal with, as a rule, regular topology of sources and receivers layout because it is oriented to a horizontal structure of media. However, the need to involve so-called unconventional hydrocarbon deposits in development requires the use of more complex media models that describe, for example, structures such as fractured-cavernous oil traps. As a result, a new seismic processing methods are emerging, which, in turn, require changes in the seismic recording systems themselves. It turns out that stochastic seismic acquisition systems, which differ from conventional regular systems by randomly placing both sources and receivers, are optimal from the point of view of estimating environmental parameters for new methods of vector seismic exploration on scattered waves. The purposes of paper to describe the features of the one of such approach called Reverse Time Holography and show the new possibilities of its acquisition systems. We demonstrate that substantial reductions in both the number of sources and receivers can be achieved without compromising the quality of seismic attributes using the new approach. Through empirical validation we illustrate that sources reduction can reach up to 8 times, while receivers reduction can reach up 3 times.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 105520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of archaeological structure on the slope ground using geophysical methods: The case of the Castle of Canossa","authors":"Annalisa Capurso ,&nbsp;Lara De Giorgi ,&nbsp;Ivan Ferrari ,&nbsp;Francesco Giuri ,&nbsp;Giovanni Leucci","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Canossa Castle is located in the municipality of Canossa 18 km South of Reggio Emilia (North Italy). It was constructed in 940 by Adalberto Atto, son of Sigifredo of Lucca. Lombard chieftains needed this strategic hill to defend their lands against intrusions of other barbarian tribes. Subsequent improvements made the stronghold one of the best-defended castles in the country. Canossa Castle became particularly famous as a site of reconciliation between King Henry IV and Roman Pope Gregory VII during the Investiture Controversy in 1077.</p><p>To redevelop the area and create an easy tourist route, the Superintendence of Archaeology, Fine Arts and Landscape for the Metropolitan City of Bologna and the Provinces of Modena, Reggio Emilia and Ferrara planned excavations in the area close to the Castle. To get precise information on where to carry out excavations geophysical surveys were undertaken in the spring of 2021. The castle stands on a rock with a steep slope and dense vegetation and this makes it very difficult to carry out geophysical prospecting. This guided the choice of geophysical methodologies to be used. For this reason, electrical resistivity tomography was used along the steep slope, while in the narrow flatter area, the ground penetrating radar methodology was used. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the chosen geophysical methodologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 105521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal acquisition time estimation method for CSEM with high-order pseudo-random signal","authors":"Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Chen Xiong ,&nbsp;Heng Zhang ,&nbsp;Min Huang ,&nbsp;Wenyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuzhen Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-order pseudo-random signal is gradually being applied in controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) exploration. In contrast to the conventional single-frequency sweep mode, the high-order pseudo-random signal enables simultaneous transmission of multiple frequencies. However, estimating a fixed acquisition time based on observed noise levels often results in poor adaptability for high-order pseudo-random signal, which only require reception of one set of waveform. In this study, we presented an estimation method for acquisition time for CSEM with high-order pseudo-random signal using an improved logistic function. The improved logistic function was proposed to introduce a time-decay factor into the governing equation for the first time. By considering the transformation rule of noise statistical characteristics with time, the specific parameters of the function have been determined to better describe the dynamic evolution process of the signal quality. The effective frequencies were extracted at various acquisition times based on the noise evaluation number, and the resulting quantity of effective frequencies was used as the fitting target. Guidance for the fieldwork was determined based on the average time of the saturation period, in accordance with the properties of the function. The reliability of the improved logistic function was validated through a transmission current data simulation. The proposed method was demonstrated through the measured data from both strong and weak interference areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 105517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of rock pore and micromorphology on electromagnetic radiation characteristics","authors":"Wenlong Yan ,&nbsp;Menghan Wei ,&nbsp;Dazhao Song ,&nbsp;Xueqiu He ,&nbsp;Majid Khan ,&nbsp;Mengli Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is a crucial tool for monitoring and early warning of underground engineering disasters. Investigating the inherent pore characteristics of rocks is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the EMR phenomenon. The EMR was monitored during various types of rock splitting failures. The pore structure and micromorphology of rocks are studied using quantitative methods such as mercury intrusion porosimetry, fractal analysis, and the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Results indicate that the fractal dimension of red sandstone is significantly lower than the other three rocks. The fractal complexity increases sequentially from red sandstone to marble, granite, and limestone. As the fractal dimension decreases, the signal waveform characteristics of the four rocks become more complex before the main fracture, with a significant increase in signals during the compaction and elasticity stages. Higher fractal dimensions lead to a shift in energy and count from elasticity stage to the post-peak stage. The main fracture amplitudes of the four rocks generally exhibited a consistent pattern, following the sequence of granite &gt; marble &gt; limestone &gt; red sandstone. The main fracture amplitude decreases with increasing complexity of the rock's pore micromorphology. Rock pore characteristics affect frequency domain characteristics by influencing rock strength and crack expansion. An increase in the average pore diameter tends to decrease both the main and center frequencies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 105518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized gradient boosting models and reliability analysis for rock stiffness C13","authors":"Tuan Nguyen-Sy","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2024.105519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Extreme gradient boosting algorithm XGBoost has been confirmed to be an accurate method for predicting rock stiffnesses and anisotropic parameters from basic input features such as rock porosity, density, vertical compression stress, pore pressure and burial depth (Nguyen-Sy, T., To, Q.D., Vu, M.N., Nguyen, T.D. and Nguyen, T.T., 2020. Study the elastic properties and the anisotropy of rocks using different machine learning methods. Geophysical Prospecting, 68(8), 2557–2578). This study has the following contributions: reducing the R2-error score (that is, 1-R2) by 35 %, RMSE by 21 % and MAE by 16 % comparing to the previous study by considering an advanced CatXG hybrid boosting model in combination with the optimizer Optuna for predicting <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>13</mn></msub></math></span> (the most difficult stiffness to accurately predict); 2-conduct a reliability analysis for the predicted stiffness <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>13</mn></msub></math></span> with respect to the randomness of the input features. We also discuss the use of <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>11</mn></msub></math></span> or <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>33</mn></msub></math></span> as additional input features for accurately predicting <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>13</mn></msub></math></span> as well as the prediction of the related anisotropic parameter <span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span>. This significant improvement of predicted stiffness <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>13</mn></msub></math></span> is extremely important because it encourages petrophysical engineers to use machine learning for predicting the elastic stiffnesses of rocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 105519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}