Journal of Applied Geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Monitoring subsurface velocity variation using seismic ambient noise generated by wind turbines: A feasibility study","authors":"Yixin Liu ,&nbsp;Haoran Su ,&nbsp;Jintian Yang,&nbsp;Haoyan Chen,&nbsp;Zhengyi Song,&nbsp;Yudi Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ambient-noise tomography has been widely used to characterize subsurface models across scales. The wind farm generates a large amount of seismic energy, which provides a powerful cultural seismic source. The wind turbines (WTs) are typically distributed inhomogeneously in space, which makes it difficult to use the conventional ambient noise tomography that assumes a uniform distribution of noise sources in space. However, because the seismic noise generated by WTs is consistent in time, the wind farm can be used as a stable source although inhomogeneous in space, to monitor the variation of the subsurface model. In this paper, we used a seismic survey line to monitor the subsurface velocity variation of a wind farm area in Hubei Province of China in three months by using ambient noise generated by WTs. Based on the analysis of the dominant backazimuth of the noise source, we verified the relatively high spatial and temporal stability of ambient-noise data in the frequency range between 5 and 10 Hz, which is confirmed to be mainly generated by WTs. On this basis, we obtained the cross-correlation functions and surface-wave dispersion spectra from the ambient-noise data. We analyzed the temporal change of surface-wave phase velocity over three months, which shows the velocity variation of the subsurface model. This study proved the feasibility of using wind turbines as a noise source for the monitoring of subsurface properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure prediction of gas-bearing coal–rock combination with different high ratios based on acoustic emission response characteristics","authors":"Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Ke Yang,&nbsp;Penghui Guo,&nbsp;Xin Lyu,&nbsp;Wenjie Liu,&nbsp;Chaochen Fan,&nbsp;Caiqing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the problems of unclear main control factors, incomplete acquisition of precursory feature information and poor model prediction effects are needed in the prediction of damage and failure of coal–rock combinations. Based on the multi-index characteristic data of acoustic emission (AE) during the uniaxial compression process of gas-bearing coal–rock combinations, the time–frequency characteristics of AE signals in the whole process of damage and failure are analyzed, and a prediction model of the deep residual attention denoising network (DRADN) is proposed. The dominant factors influencing the damage of coal–rock assemblages are identified using the ReliefF algorithm. A Conv-Sparse attention module (CSAM) is designed to extract the temporal feature information of the main controlling factors in the process of damage and failure, and a soft threshold is introduced to optimize the time–frequency features for eliminating noise information. A time–frequency feature transfer module (TFFTM) is established to learn the spatial structure of features. The nonlinear relationship between the mapping feature information and the risk type of the multilayer perceptron network is used to predict the risk level of damage and failure of the gas-bearing coal–rock combination. Experimental results demonstrate that the constructed damage and failure indices effectively guide the stage division of uniaxial compression. Comparative evaluation reveals that the DRADN achieves accuracy, precision, and recall rates of 98.63%, 98.73%, and 98.63%, respectively. The generalizability and stability of the DRADN under the experimental data of different high-ratio combinations, as well as its better noise resistance in noisy environments, are verified via cross-domain experiments and simulated noise experiments. This study expands the application of AE technology in the prediction of coal–rock risk levels and provides a technical reference for the prevention and control of gas-bearing coal–rock dynamic disasters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angle-dependent image-domain least-squares migration using the amplitude-preserving migration operator — Part I: Hessian operator and imaging resolution function","authors":"Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents an angle-dependent image-domain least-squares migration method using the amplitude-preserving migration operator. This work is split into two parts. In Part I, I derive the explicit formulas of the angle-dependent Hessian operator and imaging resolution function using the amplitude-preserving migration operator. The benefit of the amplitude-preserving migration operator is that it can improve spatial resolution and provide partial illumination compensation, compared to the adjoint migration operator with the cross-correlation imaging condition. Hence, the angle-dependent Hessian operator through the amplitude-preserving migration operator will be closer to unity, and its condition number is explicitly decreased. In addition, I clarify the relation between the angle-dependent Hessian operator and the imaging resolution function. The angle-dependent imaging resolution function can generally be assumed to be a blurring kernel localized at its spatial position. Therefore, the angle-dependent Hessian operator can be approximately reconstructed through the localized version of imaging resolution functions, which will contribute to the forward Hessian operator to efficiently simulate the angle-domain common-image gathers. Through some numerical experiments, I test the effectiveness of the Hessian operator through the imaging resolution functions and obtain two insights. Firstly, the forward Hessian operator through the imaging resolution functions can efficiently and effectively simulate the angle-domain common-image gathers and capture the accurate effects of spatial resolution, wavelet stretching, illumination, and amplitude variation observed in the migrated angle-domain common-image gathers. Thanks to the localization property of imaging resolution functions, the application of the Hessian operator to an angle-dependent reflectivity image achieves computational efficiency three orders of magnitude greater than that of forward modeling and migration operators. Secondly, the amplitude-preserving migration operator will be more suitable for constructing the angle-dependent Hessian operator and imaging resolution function, due to its higher spatial resolution and better fidelity in amplitude.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal-spatial laws of microseismic events induced by the fracture evolution of overburden strata and the relationship with gas emission during coal mining engineering","authors":"Xiangguo Kong ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yankun Ma ,&nbsp;Ting Liu ,&nbsp;Pengxiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Ali Muhammad ,&nbsp;Di He ,&nbsp;Aohan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep coal mining faces significant challenges due to high geostress, gas pressure, and geological complexity. This study leverages microseismic monitoring to establish spatiotemporal correlations between rock mechanical behavior and gas dynamics, critical for disaster early warning. Analysis of microseismic indices (event frequency, energy release, b-value, s-value) revealed three distinct spatial zones: Zone A (characterized by high frequency and high energy), Zone B (medium frequency and medium energy), and Zone C (low frequency and low energy), with roof-associated events concentrated at 20–30 m depth. Coal/rock instability manifested through intensified microseismic activity, decreasing b-values, and rising s-values. Gas emission thresholds showed clear ties to s-value variations: when absolute gas emissions exceeded 15 m³/min, s-values fluctuated around 0.135, while gas concentrations surpassing 0.2 % elevated s-values to 0.14. Maximum gas concentration (22 m roof depth) spatially aligned with microseismic patterns, confirming multi-parameter monitoring reliability. By integrating the spatial evolution of microseismic activity with temporal gas emission trends, we developed a predictive warning system for mining-induced gas outbursts. The proposed framework enhances operational safety in deep mining environments through three key advances: (1) quantitative linkage between microseismic zoning and gas distribution, (2) threshold-based b-value and s-value warning criteria, and (3) synergistic interpretation of Coal and rock mass fracture signals and gas dynamics. These findings provide actionable strategies for optimizing real-time monitoring systems and data-driven risk management in coal mines with similar geological conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105965"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic attributes, sedimentary petrography, and ultrasonic laboratory measurements in enhanced reservoir characterization: The thin viola carbonates, Kansas, U.S.A","authors":"Abdelmoneam Raef ,&nbsp;Muhammed Jallow ,&nbsp;Victor Cimino ,&nbsp;William Hagood ,&nbsp;Mohamed Reda ,&nbsp;Mohamed W. Abd El-Moghny ,&nbsp;Mattheow Totten","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3D seismic data has revolutionized the oil and gas industry by providing fundamental access into the stratigraphy, geologic structures, and sedimentology of sedimentary basins worldwide. However, reliably identifying prospects, delineating hydrocarbon reservoirs, and understanding their properties rely on the quality and resolution of the seismic reflection data. Thin-layer seismic reflections interference in carbonate reservoirs characterization, which is known for rock heterogeneities and a significant share of hydrocarbon reserves, introduces additional uncertainty in relating seismic attributes variation to petrophysical properties and pore-fluid composition. The increase or decrease of seismic attributes, caused by thin-layer tuning “geometrical effect” interference between adjacent reflectors of geological layers, adversely impacts the utility of seismic attributes in characterizing rock properties for reservoirs. Thus, distinguishing seismic attribute anomalies diagnostic of petrophysical properties from geometric effects poses significant challenges of uncertainty. In this study, we integrate two-methods tunning-corrected seismic amplitudes with a set of microphotographs and ultrasonic P-wave velocities to better link reservoir rock properties to seismic amplitude variation of the thin Viola carbonate reservoir of Morrison NE Filed, Kansas, U.S.A.; lower ultrasonic P-wave velocities (lower peak reflection amplitude) of the reservoir facies core-plugs were observed. This study resulted in a better understanding of the characteristic seismic amplitude anomalies associated with good-quality reservoir properties of the Viola carbonate formation. Moreover, this study presents an effective data-driven method to isolate and remove thickness (tuning) effects on seismic horizon attributes. The proposed “detuning” approach employs two distinct methods: statistical and deterministic, each offering unique insights into the tuning phenomenon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105969"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into CO2-caprock interaction through seismic and ultrasonic monitoring: An experimental study","authors":"Zeenat Maniar ,&nbsp;Serhii Lozovyi ,&nbsp;Anna Stroisz ,&nbsp;Pierre Cerasi ,&nbsp;Lars Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sealing capacity and structural integrity of caprocks determine the safe and long-term storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in a reservoir. To assess the risk of CO₂ leakage, it is important to evaluate changes in the physical properties of the caprock caused by CO₂-caprock interactions and monitor CO₂ plume migration. In this study, we exposed upper Miocene caprock mudstones of the Vagn Formation in the Danish Central Graben to CO₂-saturated brine under in-situ stress conditions to simulate CO₂ injection at a laboratory scale. The goal was to observe the evolution of elastic stiffness parameters, such as Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, as well as acoustic velocities (P- and S-waves) during different stages of fluid exposure to identify changes, serving as a proxy for time-lapse seismic surveys. Dynamic Young's moduli and Poisson's ratios were measured using the low-frequency (1–143 Hz) forced-oscillation method, while acoustic velocities were estimated through high-frequency (250 kHz / 500 kHz) pulse transmission. A 3–6 % reduction in both elastic and acoustic properties was observed after CO₂ exposure. Mineralogy and porosity likely influenced how the rock interacted with carbonated brine. Notably, due to the limited impact of CO₂ on these mudstones, they have the potential to function as an effective seal for long-term CO₂ storage. These findings are valuable for reducing risks in prospective CO₂ storage sites and for developing improved seismic monitoring strategies for active operational sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Split-step Fourier migration of TEM pseudo wavefields via enhanced time-sweep wavefield transformation","authors":"Ziyuan Li ,&nbsp;Hang Yang ,&nbsp;Jie Ma ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Qi ,&nbsp;Xiu Li ,&nbsp;Yanfu Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ground-airborne transient electromagnetic (GATEM) method is a crucial technique in geophysical exploration. However, conventional imaging methods often struggle to resolve detailed subsurface geological interfaces, limiting their effectiveness in complex environments. To address this limitation, this study implements a migration imaging technique for pseudo wavefields in transient electromagnetic fields of the grounded wire sources, based on the principles of split-step Fourier migration imaging. Additionally, an improved method is proposed for the inverse transformation from the diffusion field to the pseudo wavefield, which leverages the correspondence between diffusion time and virtual time to convert TEM diffusion field data into a pseudo wavefield within the time-sweep wavefield transformation framework. This approach significantly enhances the stability of the inverse transformation by reducing the condition number of the kernel matrix in each time window. The proposed method is validated using synthetic data from uniform half-space, layered, and mining area models. Furthermore, a comparison with conventional one-dimensional inversion using a three-layer model demonstrates our method's superior interface resolution and computational efficiency. Application to field data from a mining area in Gansu Province successfully delineates low-resistivity anomalies consistent with known geological information, confirming the method's practical feasibility for identifying subsurface structures and electrical interfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A full waveform inversion with noise models in GPR detection","authors":"Zihan Xia ,&nbsp;Songtao Xue ,&nbsp;Zhu Peng ,&nbsp;Futian Liu ,&nbsp;Liyu Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noise in engineering is inevitable, and existing methods often eliminate weak target signals along with the noise, resulting in suboptimal accuracy in ground penetrating radar (GPR) detection. A full waveform inversion (FWI) with noise models is proposed. Noisy FWI is achieved by incorporating comprehensive noise models of electromagnetic propagation during GPR operations as prior information in the forward modeling of FWI. The mathematical models corresponding to the characteristics of thermal noise, antenna noise, surface and subsurface wrap-around noise, and multipath interference noise during GPR detection are first summarized and incorporated into the theoretical framework of noisy FWI. Then, the feasibility and robustness of noisy FWI are verified through numerical simulations. Finally, the measurements of concrete moisture content demonstrate the effectiveness of the noise FWI. This method improves GPR detection accuracy in noisy environments, providing a novel approach for subsurface characterization in geotechnical and civil engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angle-dependent image-domain least-squares migration using the amplitude-preserving migration operator, Part II: Inverse problem","authors":"Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Least-squares migration is a powerful technique for building high-resolution and high-fidelity seismic images in complex geological structures relative to seismic migration alone. Least-squares migration can be effectively and efficiently performed in the image domain with the help of an explicit Hessian matrix. This research introduces an angle-dependent image-domain least-squares migration method using the amplitude-preserving migration operator. This work is split into two parts. In this paper, Part II of a two-part series, I will focus on the solution of the inverse problem in the angle-dependent least-squares migration method, explain the benefits of amplitude-preserving migration operator to the inverse problem, and showcase the numerical experiments. Specifically, I have derived the alternating direction method of multipliers for the regularized least-squares migration method and compared the least-squares migration methods in terms of adjoint and amplitude-preserving migration operators. Through numerical experiments with synthetic and field data, I test the effectiveness of the proposed least-squares migration method and highlight three key benefits. First, the proposed least-squares migration method formulated in terms of the amplitude-preserving migration operator can provide a faster convergence rate and invert angle-domain common-image gathers with higher spatial resolution and better amplitude fidelity than that formulated in terms of the adjoint operator, thanks to a small condition number of the Hessian operator. Second, the proposed least-squares migration method can efficiently and effectively recover the high-resolution and high-fidelity angle-domain common-image gathers in the case of inhomogeneous migration velocity. Furthermore, the amplitude variation with the reflection angle from the proposed image-domain inversion can match the reference value in the presence of the complex overburden. Third, the angle-dependent least-squares migration method requires the simultaneous application of at least two regularization terms to effectively retrieve a high-resolution image while suppressing migration artifacts in the inverted angle-domain common-image gathers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ stress prediction and its distribution mechanism of multiple coal seams: A case study of Panguan syncline, Guizhou Province, China","authors":"Shuai Xu ,&nbsp;Caifang Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Fang ,&nbsp;Fangfang Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Cheng ,&nbsp;Peng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.105964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The logging prediction method is especially suitable for in-situ stress prediction in multiple coal seam areas. This study investigates different blocks in the Panguan Syncline, Guizhou, China. Using conventional logging data from 14 boreholes and constrained by measured in-situ stress and static mechanical parameters from 8 parameter wells, in-situ stress prediction models at the block scale are constructed to reveal the mechanism of in-situ stress distribution. The combined spring model, modified Ge's model and Anderson modified model are suitable for in-situ stress prediction in the Northwest block, Jinjia block and Huopu block, with accuracies of 92.62 %, 92.74 % and 93.15 %. The stress mechanism of coal seam has the characteristics of vertical zoning. The coal seams at depths shallower than 600 m are dominated by strike-slip faulting stress regime (<em>σ</em>_<em>H</em>&gt;<em>σ</em>_<em>v</em>&gt;<em>σ</em>_<em>h</em>), while all the coal seams above 800 m are in normal faulting stress regime (<em>σ</em>_<em>v</em>&gt;<em>σ</em>_<em>H</em>&gt;<em>σ</em>_<em>h</em>). The depth of 600–800 m is affected by both strike-slip and normal faulting stress regimes, which form a stress transition zone. Coal reservoir permeability decreases nonlinearly with increasing burial depth and increases significantly near the stress transition zone. Considering factors such as in-situ stress and pore pressure, 12#, 13# and 15# can be regarded as continuous coal seams for coalbed methane (CBM) development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 105964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}