Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health最新文献

{"title":"Early-life death of a sibling and primary care utilisation during middle age: a population-wide cohort study.","authors":"Bjørn-Atle Reme, Rannveig Kaldager Hart, Jo Thori Lind","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-222632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2024-222632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The death of a family member has been linked to higher mortality for those grieving. However, much less is known about different types of health problems of the surviving sibling during middle age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individual-level register data on all Norwegian residents born between 1969 and 1979 were linked to cause-specific primary care utilisation between 2015 and 2019. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of different types of health conditions in mid-life (age 36-50) were calculated, comparing individuals who experienced the death of a sibling during childhood or early adulthood (age 0-29) and those who did not.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 556 593 participants (mean (SD) age in 2017, 43.3 (3.15) years; 273 491 women (49.1%)). The death of a sibling was positively associated with all-cause primary care utilisation (IRR=1.11; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.13). The highest cause-specific estimates were found for psychological (IR=1.17; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.23) and cardiovascular (IRR=1.14; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.23) health problems. Suicide was the cause of death with the strongest association with all-cause primary care (IRR=1.16; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.23). When examining the intersection of type-specific health problems and causes of death, the highest estimate was found for psychological problems and sibling suicide (IRR=1.53, 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.77).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early-life sibling death was associated with more health problems several decades after the trauma. The persistence of these associations suggests that these problems are substantial, and at least partly caused by the trauma. More needs to be learnt interventions that could mitigate these adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green tea consumption, primary treatment outcome and survival after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer.","authors":"Kate Gersekowski, Anna DeFazio, Michael Friedlander, Andreas Obermair, Penelope M Webb","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-222687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2024-222687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drinking green tea prior to a diagnosis of ovarian cancer has been associated with improved survival; however, research on post-diagnosis consumption is limited. We investigated whether consuming green tea during primary chemotherapy was associated with improved treatment response and whether green tea drinking pre-diagnosis or post-treatment was associated with survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the Ovarian Cancer Prognosis and Lifestyle study, an Australian prospective cohort of 958 women with epithelial ovarian cancer. Tea consumption was self-reported at baseline and at 3 monthly intervals following diagnosis. Logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs for the association between green tea consumption during primary treatment and outcome. Flexible parametric survival models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the associations between green tea pre-diagnosis and post-treatment and survival. Black and herbal tea were included as negative controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No association was seen between green or black tea consumption during chemotherapy and treatment response. There was a suggestion that drinking at least one cup/day of green tea in the pre-diagnosis or post-treatment periods was associated with improved overall survival (pre-diagnosis: HR=0.78, 95%CI=0.60 to 1.00; post-treatment: HR=0.84, 95%CI=0.66 to 1.04), but not progression-free survival. Conversely, herbal tea consumption post-treatment was associated with improved progression-free but not overall survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We confirmed previous results suggesting green tea may be associated with better ovarian cancer survival but cannot rule out the possibility that residual confounding may be influencing these associations. Randomised trials are required to confirm any potential benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing prevalence of psychosocial occupational stressors and their impact on employee mental health across birth cohorts.","authors":"Mark Deady, Richard W Morris, Samuel B Harvey, Nick Glozier","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-223096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2024-223096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental illness is the leading cause of employee absence and vocational disability in many countries. The Job Demand-Control model posits that risk factors for mental illness include psychosocial stressors such as high job demands and low job control. We determined (1) if the prevalence of population-level work-related risk factors has changed over time (workplace change) and (2) whether the strength of the association between risk factors and mental health has changed over time (workforce change).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a nationally representative Australian longitudinal panel survey (N=19 499), we estimated the linear trend in prevalence of psychosocial stressors between 2001 and 2020. The strength of the association (marginal effects) of psychosocial stressors with mental health was calculated and differences between birth cohorts were tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over two decades, the population prevalence of high job demands increased (B_year (95% CI) = 0.017 (0.014, 0.021)); while there was no trend in low job control (B_year (95% CI) = 0.001 (-0.002, 0.004)). Moreover, the negative effect of job demands (highly stressful or potentially illness inducing) on mental health was greater in the youngest cohort (B_1990s-1980s(SE)=-0.21 (0.08), and -0.41 (0.09), while the benefit of control (having a lot of say at work) was less (B_1990s-1980s(SE)=-0.35 (0.07)).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Not only do employees increasingly view work as demanding, but the negative impact of this on younger employee mental health is greater, while younger workers benefit less from workplace autonomy than previous cohorts. These findings, compounding mental health trends in adolescents, will result in younger generations of employees at greater risk of mental illness unless employers, insurers and regulators adapt.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Peru's women's emergency centres on the reporting of physical, psychological and sexual intimate partner violence.","authors":"Renzo Calderon-Anyosa, Alissa Koski, Cesar Carcamo, Patricia J Garcia, Arijit Nandi, Jay Kaufman","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-222140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2024-222140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Violence against women is a global problem with serious consequences. In response, Peru established women's emergency centres or Centros de Emergencia Mujer (CEMs) in 1999, offering support services like psychological and legal counselling for women suffering from violence. CEMs also implemented preventive activities such as educational programmes and community outreach to prevent domestic violence. This study aimed to assess the impact of CEMs on physical, psychological and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) in Peru.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a secondary analysis of the Peru Demographic and Health Surveys' domestic violence module, from 2004, the first year of available data, to 2016. We use a difference-in-differences approach with the Callaway and Sant'Anna estimator to account for the staggered introduction of CEMs across districts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings showed that CEMs lead to an average increase of 3.00 percentage points (pp) (95% CI: 0.61 to 5.39) in the probability of reporting any form of physical, psychological or sexual IPV, primarily driven by psychological violence reporting (3.07 pp, 95 %CI: 0.60 to 5.55). Analyses of the effect of CEMs on physical and sexual violence were inconclusive but indicate that the CEMs did not have large impacts on these forms of violence.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>CEMs may have increased the reporting mainly of psychological IPV to the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). This increase in psychological IPV could be due to heightened sensitisation, leading to more individuals reporting to the DHS than before, or to a rise in incidence stemming from unaddressed root causes of violence or potential backlash effects. Our results are inconclusive regarding the impact of CEMs in IPV incidence and highlight the need to refine CEM preventive services and adopt comprehensive strategies to combat and to measure the impact of interventions in IPV. Further research is essential to understand the complexities of IPV prevention and measurement to continuously monitor the progress of such interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employment status and self-rated health among Chinese middle-aged and older workers: results from a nationwide longitudinal study.","authors":"Yuwei Pan, Martin Bobak, Anne Peasey, Hynek Pikhart, Jitka Pikhartova","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-223579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2024-223579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The ageing workforce in China poses a challenge to the healthcare and social systems. This study investigated the association between employment categories and self-rated health (SRH) among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed data from the baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (14 445 participants aged 45 years and older). The association between employment status and SRH was analysed using multivariable logistic regression. Multiple imputation combined with inverse-probability weighting was performed to deal with missing covariate data and to account for complex survey design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of poor SRH was 27.1%. After controlling for sociodemographic factors and health behaviours, adjusted ORs of poor SRH in non-agriculturally self-employed workers, agriculturally employed workers and agriculturally self-employed workers were 1.49 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.90), 1.58 (95% CI 1.13 to 2.22) and 2.17 (95% CI 1.76 to 2.68), compared with non-agricultural employees. The ORs of poor SRH were 2.61 (95% CI 2.04 to 3.35) in non-agricultural retirees and 4.37 (95% CI 3.41 to 5.59) in agricultural retirees.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are pronounced differences in SRH between employment categories and between rural and urban residents. Chinese non-agricultural employees had considerably better health than other working groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 testing, test positivity and vaccination in social housing residents compared with the general population: a retrospective population-based cohort study.","authors":"Gina Agarwal, Homa Keshavarz, Ricardo Angeles, Melissa Pirrie, Francine Marzanek, Francis Nguyen, Jasdeep Brar, J Michael Paterson","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-222526","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-222526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The consideration of unique social housing needs has largely been absent from the COVID-19 response, particularly in tailoring strategies to improve access to testing and vaccine uptake among vulnerable and high-risk populations in Ontario. Given the growing population of social housing residents, this study aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2 testing, positivity, and vaccination rates in a social housing population with those in a general population cohort in Ontario, Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based cohort study used administrative health data from Ontario to examine SARS-CoV-2 testing, positivity and vaccination rates in social housing residents compared with the general population from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021. All comparisons were unadjusted, stratified by sex and age and evaluated using standardised differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rates of SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing were lower among younger age groups and higher among older adults within the social housing cohort, compared with the general population cohort. SARS-CoV-2 test positivity was higher in social housing than in the general population among individuals aged 60-79 years (7.9% vs 5.3%, respectively) and 80 years and older (12.0% vs 7.9%, respectively). Overall, 34.3% of social housing residents were fully vaccinated, compared with 29.6% of the general population cohort. However, a smaller proportion of social housing residents had received a booster vaccine (36.7%) compared with the general population (52.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Improved and targeted outreach strategies are needed to increase the uptake of COVID-19 booster vaccines among social housing residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"233-238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights on health policies from a political philosophy perspective.","authors":"Daniel G Abiétar, Mariacarla Martí-González, Elena Aguiló, Nacho Sánchez-Valdivia","doi":"10.1136/jech-2023-220568","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2023-220568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health policies play a crucial role in shaping people's well-being. While public health often relies on evidence-based policy to improve health outcomes, many non-scientific factors determine the health policy-making process. This article explores how public health advocacy can be strengthened by examining the relationship between political philosophy and the scientistic aspirations of public health.We begin by critically assessing the deliberative decision-making model, offering insights on policy processes that could inspire new directions in health policy research. To enhance these efforts, we delve into the philosophical critique of scientism, aiming to liberate public health from its technocratic inclinations. Our analysis draws on political philosophy from two angles: first, we revisit Renaissance utopias to highlight the risks of a science-driven society devoid of ethics; second, we introduce modern perspectives on democratic justice, advocating for health policies that resist domination.Ultimately, we argue for a new model of health policy science that positions public health as a key political actor. By focusing on the everyday realities of policy-making, public health can tackle two fundamental questions: How are citizens' interests considered in health policy? And how do we deliberate the goals and means of health policy? By addressing these questions, our proposals aim to enhance public health advocacy, promoting research and actions that lead to more just and inclusive health policies, ensuring the protection of everyone's health.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"311-315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-person relationship between employment insecurity and mental health: a longitudinal analysis of the Understanding America Study.","authors":"Haomiao Jin, Woo Jung Lee, Daniel Maupin, Jungeun Olivia Lee","doi":"10.1136/jech-2023-221452","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2023-221452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Employment insecurity is a socioeconomic factor influencing mental health, yet the empirical evidence supporting this claim has important limitations. The fluctuations in employment insecurity throughout the COVID-19 pandemic offered a distinctive opportunity to delve deeper into this issue. By viewing employment as a dynamic process, this study explores the within-person relationship between shifts in employment status and corresponding changes in mental health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>24 waves of data between April 2020 and March 2021 from the Understanding America Study (N=3824) were analysed using a within-person multilevel model. Employment security was modelled as a dynamic process involving transitions between secure employment, underemployment and unemployment with or without benefits. Mental health was measured by questionnaires on core symptoms of depression and anxiety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Downward transitions in employment security, from secure employment to underemployment or unemployment without benefits, were associated with worse mental health. Persisting in unemployment without benefits was also associated with poorer mental health, and regaining job security did not immediately improve it. Timely provision of unemployment benefits mitigated the adverse mental health impacts. Significant cross-level moderation effects were observed for prepandemic mental health status, Hispanic ethnicity and education level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Downward transitions in employment security compromise mental health, and certain segments of the population experience worse consequences. Regaining job security is not associated with immediate improvement in mental health. Timely provision of unemployment benefits, providing support for both unemployment and underemployment and targeting vulnerable groups are vital for alleviating adverse mental health impacts from losing job security.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"265-271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Number of children and risk of dementia: a cohort study.","authors":"Katrin Wolfova, Rebecca A Hubbard, Pavla Brennan Kearns, Virginia W Chang, Paul Crane, Andrea Z LaCroix, Eric B Larson, Sarah Tom","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-222717","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-222717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Findings on the link between the number of children and dementia risk are inconsistent, mostly studied in females, suggesting pregnancy-related changes may be a key factor in this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Adult Changes in Thought Study is a cohort of adults aged ≥65 years from Kaiser Permanente Washington. The primary exposure was the number of children (0, 1, 2, 3 or ≥4), and the outcome was an incident dementia diagnosis. Cox proportional-hazards models were adjusted for demographic and early-life socioeconomic confounders. Models were then stratified by sex and by birth year <1928 versus ≥1928.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 4668 participants (average age at enrolment 74.1±SD 6.3 years; 59% female), 967 (21%) had 0 children, 484 (10%) had one child, 1240 (27%) had two children, 968 (21%) had three children and 1009 (22%) had four or more children. We found no association between the number of children and dementia overall or after stratification by birth cohort. When stratified by sex and adjusting for confounders, having ≥4 children compared with two children was associated with a higher rate of dementia in males (HR=1.31, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.71).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The number of children was not consistently associated with the risk of dementia. We observed a greater risk of dementia only among males who had ≥4 children, with the lower bound of the 95% CI marginally exceeding 1. These findings suggest that the number of children may influence the risk of dementia through other than pregnancy-related pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"280-287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Would the now shelved congestion tax narrow or widen the health equity gap if brought back to NYC?","authors":"Anthony Amin Milki, Nina Flores, Jeanette Stingone, Mychal Johnson, Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir","doi":"10.1136/jech-2024-223263","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jech-2024-223263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54839,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}