Journal of Hand Therapy最新文献

{"title":"The Functional Dexterity Test in Adult Populations: An Exploration of a Simplified Test Protocol and Parameters Guided by Statistical Outcomes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jht.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jht.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>The Functional Dexterity Test<span> (FDT) is a standardized assessment used to quantify dexterity, in-hand manipulation, related to function. Recommendations to modify the scoring have been proposed to eliminate penalties, adapt the test protocol, and change the outcome parameter. A new psychometrically sound scoring system has been used in the </span></span>pediatric population; however, research in the adult population requires exploration.</p></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to test if alterations in test administration, outcome recording, and outcome parameters show predictive validity for measured outcomes for age, ethnicity, and self-identified gender. The new method of administering the FDT eliminates penalties for improper performance and uses a score of speed derived from the timed score. It was theorized that eliminating assessment of reported errors in quality of movement in the quantitative scoring may improve the test validity.</p></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><p>Clinical Measurement.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>The FDT was administered to 148 healthy adults aged between 18 and 78 years. No penalties were included in the quantitative scoring. Age, self-identified gender, ethnicity, and self-reported hand dominance were recorded. Time to complete the test was measured in seconds per usual protocol. The result was recorded as time and calculated as speed. </span>Linear regression was performed to predict FDT speed from age, hand dominance, and self-identified gender.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The three predictors (age, hand dominance, and gender) associated with a linear decline in dexterity were significant (<em>p</em> ≤0.02). Dexterity showed a linear decline with age, and participants showed faster speeds with the dominant hand. Gender was a significant predictor of speed, with males having faster speeds by an average of 0.047 pegs per second (<em>p</em> = 0.01).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Scores using a simplified administration and speed as an outcome showed moderate predictive validity with age, gender, and the dominant hand used in this adult population. Future research exploring relationships with activities of daily living is needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Therapy","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 469-474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50163817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing hand grasp in patients with systemic sclerosis using the 16-grasp test: Preliminary results from a multidisciplinary study group","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jht.2023.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jht.2023.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Reports on hand dysfunction and rehabilitation in SSc are quite scarce in the literature and mainly focus on functional assessment tools, such as the Duruoz Hand Index and the HAMIS test for evaluating hand mobility by simulating specific grasps with nine different objects.</p></div><div><h3>Purpose of the study</h3><p>This study aimed to provide an adequate assessment methodology for hand grasp dysfunctions in patients suffering from systemic sclerosis (SSc) through the 16-grasp test.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Case-control study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Ninety-seven consecutive SSc patients were recruited at our </span>Scleroderma<span> Unit, where a 16-grasp test was performed by all patients and supervised by an experienced hand therapist. Sixteen different patterns of grasp have been divided into power grasps and precision pinch and two more modalities: static and dynamic prehension evaluation on scale from 0 to 4. We also compared previous evaluations on 19 of patients recruited.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The majority of SSc patients (84 females and 13 males; mean age 56.0±12.0 years; mean disease duration 8.0±6.0 years) displayed grasp dysfunctions; in particular 48% and 54% reported slight difficulty in the right and left grasps respectively, 6% medium difficulty in both hands, and only 3% and 1% experienced severe difficulty respectively, while 31.5% had no issues in either hand. Our results showed that the limited cutaneous subset (lcSSc) scored a lower deficit for either grasp compared to diffuse form (dcSSc). No statistically significant differences in total grasp deficit had been noticed when comparing patients having a disease duration &lt; 5 years or longer. In the retrospective study on 19 of these patients, 8 out of 10 lcSSc patients showed no significant changes, while in 2 out of 10, slight improvements were observed in both hands. However, in the dcSSc group, 4 out of 9 worsened bilaterally while the grasp scores for 5 of them remained unchanged.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study reported hand involvement in both lcSSc and dcSSc forms, more significantly in dcSSc patients. This test is intended to be a more objective means of assessing grasp alterations linked to scleroderma hand deformities<span>. Furthermore, thanks to its intuitiveness, the test may be useful for engineers designing personalized ergonomic assistive devices.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Therapy","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 458-464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139718055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How should we define and assess painful sensitivity in the hand? An international e-Delphi study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jht.2023.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jht.2023.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Painful sensitivity in the hand is commonly seen with neuropathic pain, interfering with daily activities including rehabilitation. However, there are currently several terms used to describe the problem and a lack of guidance on what assessments should be used.</p></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><p><span>To gather expert opinion a) identifying current and common terminology used in hand therapy, b) developing a consensus definition of hypersensitivity, and c) developing consensus guidance on how to best assess </span>allodynia.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>International e-Delphi survey study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted an e-Delphi consensus study drawing on international experts in hand rehabilitation. We planned up to four rounds of consensus-seeking, defining consensus as 75% or more of participants agreeing with a definition or recommendation. Experts were identified from 21 countries, with the nomination of other experts encouraged for ‘snowball sampling’. The first round included clinical vignettes describing ‘painful sensitivity of the hand’ and asked participants to describe how they would assess each case. Definitions for hypersensitivity, tactile hyperesthesia<span>, and allodynia were also requested.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>We invited 68 participants: 44 more were added through nominations. Sixty-three agreed to participate and were sent the round one survey; 54 participants from 19 countries completed this survey and were invited to participate in all subsequent rounds. No two definitions of hypersensitivity were the same, while 87% of the definitions for allodynia and 78% for tactile </span>hyperesthesia were concordant with a published taxonomy. Over 700 assessment items were proposed in round one: ultimately 38 items representing eight distinct constructs reached a consensus for assessing allodynia.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Therapists definitions were consistent with an existing taxonomy for allodynia. Although hypersensitivity conceptualizations varied regarding the qualities of stimulus and response, a working definition was reached. Recommended assessments were relatively consistent internationally, holistic, and reflected a potential link between allodynia and central sensitization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Therapy","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 355-362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41160234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The trapeziometacarpal screw home torque mechanism as a clinical indicator of the posterior joint ligament complex integrity: A cadaveric investigation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jht.2023.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jht.2023.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To date, no clinical test provides specific objective information on the integrity of key ligamentous support of the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint.</p></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To examine the potential of the TMC joint screw home torque mechanism (SHTM) in estimating the integrity of the posterior ligament complex in older adult population.</p></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><p>Cross-sectional laboratory-based study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty cadaver hands presenting with various degrees of TMC joint degradation ranging from none to severe osteoarthritis<span><span> (OA) were radiographed in multiple positions to establish their degeneration status, joint mobility, and amount of dorsal </span>subluxation at rest and with the application of the SHTM. Comparisons and correlations between degeneration status, joint mobility, subluxation reduction and ligament status obtained from dissection were calculated.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>No significant statistical correlation was demonstrated with the subluxation reduction ratio of the SHTM and the combined ligament complex value however, a moderate negative correlation was found with dorsal central ligament injury at 21 Nm (</span><em>τ</em>b = −0.46, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and 34 Nm (<em>τ</em>b = −0.45, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). A statistically significant reduction of radial subluxation of the TMC joint was observed between the subluxation at rest (M = 5.2, SD = 1.9) and subluxation with SHTM of 21 Nm (M = 4.4, SD = 2.4), <em>t</em> (19) = 3.2, <em>p =</em> 0.01, 95% CI [0.3, 1.4] and subluxation with SHTM of 34 Nm (M = 4.3, SD = 2.6), <em>t</em> (19) = 2.6, <em>p =</em> 0.02, 95% CI [0.2, 1.5].</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results did not support the SHTM as indicator of the TMC posterior ligament complex integrity however, it demonstrated 100% stabilization effect with non-arthritic TMC population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Therapy","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 388-396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41168561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We can do better: Considering sex and gender with an intersectional lens in health research","authors":"Joy C. MacDermid","doi":"10.1016/j.jht.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jht.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Therapy","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 297-300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of finger dexterity through the DIGITS joint tracking web application—An evaluation study with comparison to the nine-hole pegboard test","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jht.2023.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jht.2023.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hand dexterity is an important clinical marker after hand surgery as it can greatly impact one’s ability to perform their day-to-day activities. With the increased focus on remote patient monitoring after hand surgery, new technologies are required to remotely monitor hand dexterity.</p></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The purpose of this study is to identify dexterity outcomes using the web application “DIGITS” and compare these outcomes to the nine-hole-pegboard test (NHPT).</p></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><p>Cross-sectional observational study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a two-part study with a pilot of our remote dexterity design using DIGITS followed by a validation study comparing DIGITS to a gold-standard metric of dexterity, NHPT. The pilot study recruited 42 healthy subjects<span> between the ages of 18–65 to perform a remote finger tapping exercise using DIGITS. The second part of the study included 50 subjects between the ages of 18–65. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and then completed three finger tapping sequences for 20 seconds using DIGITS and three trials of the NHPT with each hand. Correlational analyses were done to compare the DIGITS dexterity test with the NHPT.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Four outcome measures to assess dexterity were identified, which included (1) total sequences completed in 20 seconds, (2) time to complete 10 sequences, (3) average frequency per sequence, and (3) sequence accuracy. Significant negative correlations were found with the NHPT and total sequences completed in 20 seconds in both dominant and non-dominant hand trials. Additionally, significant negative correlations were found between the NHPT and the time to complete 10 sequences and average frequency in the non-dominant hand trials.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study shows promising results for the use of DIGITS as a remote measure of hand dexterity. The total number of sequences completed significantly correlates with the NHPT and should be further explored in representative patient populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Therapy","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 438-445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41161247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre- and post-treatment in flexor tendon tenolysis: An observational study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jht.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jht.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Glide deficit of the distal flexors’ tendons following primary repair in zone 1–3 are very common. Adhesions of tendons have multi factorial origins and are closely related to the healing of the affected tissues. The surgical practice used to resolve these complications is tenolysis.</p></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) relate to pain and Total Active Motion (TAM) of adult patients of both sexes undergoing tenolysis surgery. The results will then be compared to existing research to confirm their significance.</p></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><p>Case-series.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Retrospective data for TAM and pain VAS were extracted from the medical records for 63 patients (73 fingers) who underwent flexor tenolysis between 2017 and 2019. Data were compared pre-operatively and 3 months after surgery. All patients underwent pre- and post-surgery therapy by hand therapists.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The sample presented very encouraging improvements, except in the VAS and active range of motion (AROM) of thumb where some patients maintained the same assessment. The fingers reported statistically significant results, whereas the thumb group did not meet significant criteria. Overall, TAM improved from 134.6° to 196.7 and VAS decreased from 2.7 to 1.2.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>According to the results and the data change between pre- and post-treatment, the sample demonstrated improvements in all areas examined, reporting statistically significant results for the fingers with an improvement of TAM of 62.1° with a percentage value (%TAM) of 75.6%.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A specific treatment for this type of surgery is required for the patients so they can return to their daily and working activities. This article can be used as a starting point for further studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Therapy","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 412-418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139657371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of elbow flexion contractures during early childhood following brachial plexus birth injury","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jht.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jht.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Elbow flexion contracture development in school-age children with a </span>brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) is common. Reports indicate onset between 2 and 4 years; however, little is known about early childhood prevalence, development, and trajectory of these contractures.</p></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To determine the prevalence and predictors of BPBI elbow flexion contractures during early childhood.</p></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><p>A retrospective cross-sectional study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Demographic, diagnostic, treatment, and elbow contracture data were collected for children with a BPBI &lt;4 years between 2015 and 2019 from a prospectively collected database. Spinal root motor contributions and injury were determined using Active Movement Scale (AMS) scores at 6 weeks of age and used to predict contracture development.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 171 children that met inclusion criteria, 87% (<em>n</em> = 149) had upper plexus injuries. The mean age at the time of evaluation for an elbow contracture was 21.4 ± 12.7 months. The prevalence of elbow flexion contractures was 22% (<em>n</em> = 38), with mean onset at 13.4 ± 11.0 months. Mean contracture degree was −10.8 ± −6.9 degrees with 76% (<em>n</em><span> = 29) &lt;−10 degrees. AMS shoulder abduction, flexion, and external rotation; elbow flexion; forearm supination; and wrist extension scores at a mean 2.3 ± 1.4 months were significantly lower in children who developed elbow flexion contractures (</span><em>p</em><span> &lt; 0.001). Logistic regression found that low AMS elbow flexion with high elbow extension scores were a significant (</span><em>p &lt;</em> 0.003) predictor of elbow contracture development.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The prevalence of elbow flexion contractures in early childhood is greater than previously understood. These findings indicate that C5-C6 injury affecting elbow flexion with relative preservation of elbow extension is a predictor of contracture development. Further research is needed to investigate the nature and sequelae<span> of C5-C6 injury and its effects on elbow flexion contracture development.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Therapy","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 446-452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139718079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress fracture of capitate bone—A case report of an unusual fracture","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jht.2023.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jht.2023.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The capitate is the largest, most central bone and the first to ossify in the wrist. It has a well-protected anatomic location, making traumatic or stress fractures<span> extremely rare in clinical practice. Isolated fractures of the capitate bone are very uncommon and often without displacement due to the great stability provided by the intracarpal ligaments.</span></p></div><div><h3>Purpose of the study</h3><p>This study aimed to report a case of isolated stress fracture of the capitate related to the work activity of a mechanic.</p></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><p><span>We report the case of a 23-year-old patient complaining of pain and swelling in the left wrist for 2 months without improvement after using analgesics<span>. On physical examination, he presented pain on palpation in the central region of the wrist, pain when performing flexion and extension movements of the wrist, and frustrated edema. </span></span>Magnetic resonance imaging<span> diagnosed a stress fracture of the capitate bone. Conservative treatment with forearm-palmar immobilization for 2 months, analgesic medication, and physical therapy rehabilitation after immobilization were performed. After the complete resolution of the symptoms, the patient started to work in a new role.</span></p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p><span>There are five case reports of stress fractures in the capitate—two in teenagers and three in adults, but none of them was a mechanic. Clinical suspicion can be formulated when repetitive activity is associated with the wrist in extension and specific location of pain and swelling. Individuals with an immature </span>skeleton are more susceptible. The development of occupational disease should be considered in similar cases of insidious and persistent pain in the palm of people with high work demands.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Stress fractures of the capitate bone are a disease that must be suspected in insidious and persistent pain in the palm of the hand. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best image test to diagnose this disorder, and conservative treatment is indicated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Therapy","volume":"37 3","pages":"Pages 453-457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139718080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of muscle-biased manual therapy on shoulder kinematics, muscle performance, functional impairment, and pain in patients with frozen shoulder.","authors":"Chun-Kai Tang, Yi-Fen Shih, Chun-Shou Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jht.2024.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2024.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frozen shoulder (FS) is characterized by restricted active and passive shoulder mobility and pain.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Compare the effect of muscle-biased manual therapy (MM) and regular physical therapy (RPT) in patients with FS.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Pretest-post-test control group study design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 34 patients with FS and compared the effect of 12-session MM and RPT. The outcome measures were scapular kinematics and muscle activation, scapular alignment, shoulder range of motion, and pain intensity. Two-way analysis of variance was used to examine the intervention effect with α = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both programs resulted in similar improvements in pain and shoulder function. Compared to the RPT, MM resulted in increased posterior tilt (MM: 7.04°-16.09°, RPT: -2.50° to -4.37°; p = 0.002; ES = 0.261) and lower trapezius activation (MM: 260.61%-470.90%, RPT: 322.64%-313.33%; p = 0.033; ES = 0.134) during scaption, and increased posterior tilt (MM: 0.70°-15.16°, RPT: -9.66° to -6.44°; p = 0.007; ES = 0.205) during the hand-to-neck task. The MM group also showed increased GH backward elevation (MM: 37.18°-42.79°, RPT: 43.64°-40.83°; p = 0.004, ES = 0.237) and scapular downward rotation (MM: -2.48° to 6.80°, RPT: 1.93°-1.44°; p < 0.001; ES = 0.404) during the thumb-to-waist task, enhanced shoulder abduction (MM: 84.6°-102.3°, RPT: 85.1°-92.9°; p = 0.02; ES = 0.153), and improved scapular alignment (MM: 10.4-9.65 cm, RPT: 9.41-9.56 cm; p = 0.02; ES = 0.114).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MM was superior to the RPT regarding scapular neuromuscular performance. Clinicians should consider adding muscle-biased treatment when treating FS.</p>","PeriodicalId":54814,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hand Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}