Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law最新文献_第4页

Entrenching Inequity, Eroding Democracy: State Preemption of Local Housing Policy. 巩固不平等，侵蚀民主:国家优先考虑地方住房政策。

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-10234156

Jamila Michener

{"title":"Entrenching Inequity, Eroding Democracy: State Preemption of Local Housing Policy.","authors":"Jamila Michener","doi":"10.1215/03616878-10234156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-10234156","url":null,"abstract":"Housing is a fundamental right and a vital determinant of health. Health equity is not possible without widespread access to safe, affordable, high-quality housing. Local housing policy is a central conduit for advancing such ends. However, preemption of local law is a powerful institutional mechanism that state legislatures sometimes deploy to inhibit or nullify municipal efforts to address housing-based inequities. Local housing policies often have high stakes, are ideologically laden, and are politically salient. This makes them a clear target for preemptive action. Political science research to date has focused on broadly explaining the causes of preemption, with scant emphasis on its consequences and minimal attention to the implications for racial and economic equity. This article highlights the political repercussions of state preemption. Drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews, the article examines how local tenant organizations that work to build power within racially and economically marginalized communities perceive and respond to state preemption. The findings demonstrate how both the reality and the threat of state preemption prompt tenant organizations to adjust (and often minimize) their policy goals and to adapt their political strategies in ways that strain their capacity. By burdening local organizations that are crucial power resources in marginalized communities, state preemption of local housing policy risks entrenching inequity and eroding democracy.","PeriodicalId":54812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9681538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Introduction: Entrenchment and Health Equity. 导言:防御工事和卫生公平。

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-10234128

Eric M Patashnik

引用次数: 0

Anniversary Narratives of the Health Care State: Institutional Entrenchment in Retrospect. 医疗保健国家的周年纪念叙述:回顾制度堑壕。

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-10234212

Carolyn Hughes Tuohy

{"title":"Anniversary Narratives of the Health Care State: Institutional Entrenchment in Retrospect.","authors":"Carolyn Hughes Tuohy","doi":"10.1215/03616878-10234212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-10234212","url":null,"abstract":"Institutional narratives, appealing both to the intellect and the imagination, are powerful mechanisms of entrenchment. Drawing on close examination of legislative debates, interview transcripts, and official documents, this article analyzes institutional narratives of the British National Health Service (NHS) and American Medicare and Medicaid. These narratives take the form of epics, featuring founding heroes, adversaries, stewards, saviors, and other characters, and are retold on multiple occasions, and especially on anniversaries of the founding date. In the process, certain elements of history are remembered, and others forgotten. The myth of the NHS as a single national institution obscured much of the complexity and compromise that went into its founding and subsequent development, but preserved fidelity to its founding principles. In the United States, the dominant narrative belonged to Medicare, while Medicaid featured as an afterthought. In the case of the NHS, narrative entrenchment served to preserve universal access to comprehensive health care. In the case of American Medicare, entrenchment preserved the original mission of the institution but kept it from expanding to a broader swath of the population, even as its less-entrenched companion Medicaid provided a vehicle for coverage of an increasingly wide range of population groups. A distinct Medicaid narrative developed only after incremental expansion was well underway.","PeriodicalId":54812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9681539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Criminal Records and Licensure in Five Allied Health Professions: Is There Evidence of a Disparate Impact on Historically Marginalized Groups? 五种联合医疗专业的犯罪记录和执照:是否有证据表明对历史上边缘化群体的不同影响?

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-10234198

Jing Liu, David A Hyman

{"title":"Criminal Records and Licensure in Five Allied Health Professions: Is There Evidence of a Disparate Impact on Historically Marginalized Groups?","authors":"Jing Liu, David A Hyman","doi":"10.1215/03616878-10234198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-10234198","url":null,"abstract":"Context: In health care, licensing is pervasive. Restrictions on applicants with criminal records may have a disparate impact on historically marginalized groups. There is bipartisan interest in evaluating whether occupational licensing requirements are too strict.Methods: The authors analyze how 12 representative states (California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, and Texas) respond when people with criminal records apply for a license for five entry-level allied health professions (dental hygienist, occupational therapy assistant, physical therapy assistant, radiologic technologist, and respiratory therapist).Findings: With one exception for one allied health profession, all states require their licensing boards to consider past serious criminal convictions. A majority of states require the conviction to be substantially related to the scope of professional duties for it to provide a basis for disqualification. Most states make it difficult for applicants with criminal records to determine whether they may obtain a license.Conclusions: State licensing boards have considerable discretion in handling applicants with a criminal record. The trend is toward fewer restrictions, but more could be done to increase the transparency of state licensing board guidelines, practices, and procedures-particularly in the states that still rely on a \"good moral character\" test.","PeriodicalId":54812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9681534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Entrenchment and Health Equity: Lessons for Advocates, Policy Makers, and Researchers. 防御工事与卫生公平:给倡导者、政策制定者和研究人员的教训。

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-10234226

Eric M Patashnik

引用次数: 0

County-Level Segregation and Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes. 县级隔离与 COVID-19 结果中的种族差异。

IF 3.3 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-10234170

Jessica Trounstine, Sidra Goldman-Mellor

{"title":"County-Level Segregation and Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes.","authors":"Jessica Trounstine, Sidra Goldman-Mellor","doi":"10.1215/03616878-10234170","DOIUrl":"10.1215/03616878-10234170","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Segregation has been linked to unequal life chances. Individuals from marginalized communities experience more crime, higher levels of poverty, poorer health, and less civic engagement. In addition, segregated metropolitan regions have been found to display inequality in access to basic services. This article builds on these findings by linking segregation to infection and deaths from COVID-19.Methods: Using census data matched to COVID infection and death statistics at the county level, this article offers a theoretical basis for the researchers' choice of segregation measures and predictions for different racial groups. It analyzes the relationship between two dimensions of segregation-racial isolation and racial unevenness-and COVID outcomes for different racial and ethnic groups.Findings: In counties where Black and Latino residents lived in more racially isolated neighborhoods, they were much more likely to contract COVID-19. This pattern was exacerbated in counties with a high proportion of frontline workers. In addition, racial segregation increased COVID-19 death rates for Black, Latino, and white residents.Conclusions: These findings suggest that devastating outcomes of the coronavirus pandemic were linked to a long history of racial marginalization and entrenched discrimination produced by structural inequalities embedded in our geographies. This knowledge should be used to inform public health planning.","PeriodicalId":54812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9684495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Escaping Policy Traps: Strategic Options for Overcoming Entrenchment. 逃离政策陷阱:克服堑壕的战略选择。

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-10234142

Paul Starr

{"title":"Escaping Policy Traps: Strategic Options for Overcoming Entrenchment.","authors":"Paul Starr","doi":"10.1215/03616878-10234142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-10234142","url":null,"abstract":"Policy entrenchment per se is a neutral concept; both good and bad policies may become entrenched. A policy trap, however, is entrenchment's pathological form: a self-reinforcing array of policies that simultaneously creates (1) well-established, often widely recognized failures in society, and (2) high barriers to change. A familiar type of policy trap arises when the benefits of a policy are concentrated while the costs, albeit greater, are widely diffused, opaque to many who bear them, or seemingly remote. But policy traps are not necessarily permanent; they may persist only as long as reformers are unable to identify their vulnerabilities and seize moments of political opportunity. Reconstituting a domain of policy ultimately requires formulating an alternative. Without presuming to be exhaustive, this article outlines four general strategies for overcoming policy entrenchment: Schumpeterian innovation, globally oriented innovation, institutional conversion, and social creativity (the nonmarket analog to Schumpeterian change). Focusing on three areas, the article examines how policy traps have arisen and might be overcome in fossil fuels, the internet economy, and the US health care system.","PeriodicalId":54812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9681540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Political Economy of Market Power in Pharmaceuticals. 制药业市场力量的政治经济学。

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-10234184

Amy Kapczynski

引用次数: 2

Ethically Challenged: Private Equity Storms US Health Care 道德挑战:私募股权风暴美国医疗保健

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-10640255

Daniel Scott

引用次数: 3

Sickening: Anti-Black Racism and Health Disparities in the United States 令人作呕:美国的反黑人种族主义和健康差异

3区医学

Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-10640241

Michelle Ko

{"title":"Sickening: Anti-Black Racism and Health Disparities in the United States","authors":"Michelle Ko","doi":"10.1215/03616878-10640241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-10640241","url":null,"abstract":"Book Review| March 24 2023 Sickening: Anti-Black Racism and Health Disparities in the United States Anne Pollock. Sickening: Anti-Black Racism and Health Disparities in the United States. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2021. 216 pp. $21.95 paper. Michelle Ko Michelle Ko University of California, Davis Michelle Ko is an associate professor of health policy and management at the University of California, Davis. Her work addresses different areas of racism, health and policy, including broad elements of structural racism such as residential segregation and racism in community violence and law enforcement, on health, aging, and the healthcare safety net. She also examines institutional racism within academic medicine and health services research, and consequences for workforce diversity, equity, and inclusion. Dr. Ko is a past chair of the AcademyHealth Disparities Interest Group and former co-director of the UC Davis Center for Health Workforce Diversity.mijko@ucdavis.edu Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google J Health Polit Policy Law 10640241. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-10640241 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation Michelle Ko; Sickening: Anti-Black Racism and Health Disparities in the United States. J Health Polit Policy Law 2023; 10640241. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-10640241 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsJournal of Health Politics, Policy and Law Search Advanced Search Copyright © 2023 by Duke University Press2023 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Books You do not currently have access to this content.","PeriodicalId":54812,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136126947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0