EPJ Quantum Technology最新文献_第2页

Numerical model of N-level cascade systems for atomic Radio Frequency sensing applications 用于原子射频传感应用的 N 级级联系统数值模型

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00291-5

Liam W. Bussey, Yogeshwar B. Kale, Samuel Winter, Fraser A. Burton, Yu-Hung Lien, Kai Bongs, Costas Constantinou

{"title":"Numerical model of N-level cascade systems for atomic Radio Frequency sensing applications","authors":"Liam W. Bussey, Yogeshwar B. Kale, Samuel Winter, Fraser A. Burton, Yu-Hung Lien, Kai Bongs, Costas Constantinou","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00291-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00291-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A ready-to-use numerical model has been developed for the atomic ladder (cascade) systems which are widely exploited in Rydberg Radio Frequency (RF) sensors. The model has been explicitly designed for user convenience and to be extensible to arbitrary N-level non-thermal systems. The versatility and adaptability of the model is validated up to 4-level atomic systems by direct comparison with experimental results from the prior art. The numerical model provides a good approximation to the experimental results and provides experimentalists with a convenient ready-to-use model to optimise the operation of an N-level Rydberg RF sensor. Current sensors exploit the 4-level atomic systems based on alkali metal atoms which require visible frequency lasers and these can be expensive and also suffer from high attenuation within optical fiber. The ability to quickly and simply explore more complex N-level systems offers the potential to use cheaper and lower-loss near-infrared lasers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00291-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electromagnetic side-channel attack risk assessment on a practical quantum-key-distribution receiver based on multi-class classification 基于多类分类的实用量子密钥分发接收器电磁侧信道攻击风险评估

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00290-6

John J. Pantoja, Victor A. Bucheli, Ross Donaldson

{"title":"Electromagnetic side-channel attack risk assessment on a practical quantum-key-distribution receiver based on multi-class classification","authors":"John J. Pantoja, Victor A. Bucheli, Ross Donaldson","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00290-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00290-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While quantum key distribution (QKD) is a theoretically secure way of growing quantum-safe encryption keys, many practical implementations are challenged due to various open attack vectors, resulting in many variations of QKD protocols. Side channels are one such vector that allows a passive or active eavesdropper to obtain QKD information leaked through practical devices. This paper assesses the feasibility and implications of extracting the raw secret key from far-field radiated emissions from the single-photon avalanche diodes used in a BB84 QKD quad-detector receiver. Enhancement of the attack was also demonstrated through the use of deep-learning model to distinguish radiated emissions due to the four polarized encoding states. To evaluate the severity of such side-channel attack, multi-class classification based on raw-data and pre-processed data is implemented and assessed. Results show that classifiers based on both raw-data and pre-processed features can discern variations of the electromagnetic emissions caused by specific orientations of the detectors within the receiver with an accuracy higher than 90%. This research proposes machine learning models as a technique to assess EM information leakage risk of QKD and highlights the feasibility of side-channel attacks in the far-field region, further emphasizing the need to utilise mechanisms to avoid electromagnetic radiation information leaks and measurement-device-independent QKD protocols.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00290-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

KANQAS: Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Quantum Architecture Search KANQAS：用于量子架构搜索的柯尔莫哥洛夫-阿诺德网络

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00289-z

Akash Kundu, Aritra Sarkar, Abhishek Sadhu

{"title":"KANQAS: Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Quantum Architecture Search","authors":"Akash Kundu, Aritra Sarkar, Abhishek Sadhu","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00289-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00289-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum architecture Search (QAS) is a promising direction for optimization and automated design of quantum circuits towards quantum advantage. Recent techniques in QAS emphasize Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP)-based deep Q-networks. However, their interpretability remains challenging due to the large number of learnable parameters and the complexities involved in selecting appropriate activation functions. In this work, to overcome these challenges, we utilize the Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) in the QAS algorithm, analyzing their efficiency in the task of quantum state preparation and quantum chemistry. In quantum state preparation, our results show that in a noiseless scenario, the probability of success is 2× to 5× higher than MLPs. In noisy environments, KAN outperforms MLPs in fidelity when approximating these states, showcasing its robustness against noise. In tackling quantum chemistry problems, we enhance the recently proposed QAS algorithm by integrating curriculum reinforcement learning with a KAN structure. This facilitates a more efficient design of parameterized quantum circuits by reducing the number of required 2-qubit gates and circuit depth. Further investigation reveals that KAN requires a significantly smaller number of learnable parameters compared to MLPs; however, the average time of executing each episode for KAN is higher.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00289-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Teaching quantum information science to secondary school students with photon polarization and which-path encoding 用光子偏振和路径编码向中学生教授量子信息科学

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00287-1

Giacomo Zuccarini, Claudio Sutrini, Maria Bondani, Chiara Macchiavello, Massimiliano Malgieri

{"title":"Teaching quantum information science to secondary school students with photon polarization and which-path encoding","authors":"Giacomo Zuccarini, Claudio Sutrini, Maria Bondani, Chiara Macchiavello, Massimiliano Malgieri","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00287-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00287-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research and curriculum development on quantum information science is a novel but technologically and socially significant challenge for physics education. While the debate is open on the core content, the approaches, and the strategies for addressing the need of effective instruction on the subject-matter, some indications have begun to emerge. Among them, the importance of an earlier start of education and of helping students develop not only a theoretical knowledge, but also high-level experimental skills including ideal design and conduction of experiments. Such skills are challenging to attain in existing traditional programs and may be considered inaccessible at introductory level because of the difficulties connected with qubit implementations. Here we present the design process, the structure, and a preliminary evaluation of a course for secondary school that is aimed to promote the building of a basic but integrated understanding of quantum information science, including experimental design and lab activities. The course was developed within the model of educational reconstruction, and embedded into a conceptual change framework in physics and computation. The encoding of polarization and which-path information of a photon is used to engage students in the development of a global model of logical encoding and processing, in ideal experimental design of gates and circuits, and in their implementation on the optical bench. Data show the effectiveness of the course in promoting student engagement in the modelling of gates in different encodings, in fostering an understanding of the computational role of physical setups, and a positive attitude and interest towards quantum computation and innovative teaching methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00287-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generation of phonon quantum states and quantum correlations among single photon emitters in hexagonal boron nitride 六方氮化硼中声子量子态的产生和单光子发射器之间的量子相关性

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00286-2

Hugo Molinares, Fernanda Pinilla, Enrique Muñoz, Francisco Muñoz, Vitalie Eremeev

引用次数: 0

A computational study and analysis of Variational Quantum Eigensolver over multiple parameters for molecules and ions 分子和离子多参数变量量子求解器的计算研究与分析

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00280-8

Ashwin Sivakumar, Harishankar K Nair, Aurum Joshi, Kenson Wesley R, Akash P Videsh, Reena Monica P

{"title":"A computational study and analysis of Variational Quantum Eigensolver over multiple parameters for molecules and ions","authors":"Ashwin Sivakumar, Harishankar K Nair, Aurum Joshi, Kenson Wesley R, Akash P Videsh, Reena Monica P","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00280-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00280-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Material discovery is a phenomenon practiced since the evolution of the world. The discovery of materials has led to significant development in varied fields such as Science, Engineering and Technology. Computationally simulating molecules has been an area of interest in the industry as well as academia. However, simulating large molecules can be computationally expensive in terms of computing power and complexity. Quantum computing is a recent development that can improve the efficiency in predicting properties of atoms and molecules which will be useful for material design. The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is one such quantum algorithm used to calculate the ground state energy of molecules or ions. In this study, we have done a comparative analysis of the parameters that constitute the VQE algorithm. This includes components such as basis, qubit mapping, ansatz, and optimizers used. We have also developed a database consisting of 79 single atoms and their variations of oxidation states and 33 molecules with the data of their Hamiltonian and ground state energy and dipole moment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00280-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum data encoding: a comparative analysis of classical-to-quantum mapping techniques and their impact on machine learning accuracy 量子数据编码：经典到量子映射技术的比较分析及其对机器学习准确性的影响

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00285-3

Minati Rath, Hema Date

{"title":"Quantum data encoding: a comparative analysis of classical-to-quantum mapping techniques and their impact on machine learning accuracy","authors":"Minati Rath, Hema Date","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00285-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00285-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the integration of quantum data embedding techniques into classical machine learning (ML) algorithms; to assess performance enhancements and computational implications across a spectrum of models. We explored various classical-to-quantum mapping methods; ranging from basis encoding and angle encoding to amplitude encoding; for encoding classical data. We conducted an extensive empirical study encompassing popular ML algorithms, including Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machines, and ensemble methods like Random Forest, LightGBM, AdaBoost, and CatBoost. Our findings reveal that quantum data embedding contributes to improved classification accuracy and F1 scores, particularly notable in models that inherently benefit from enhanced feature representation. We observed nuanced effects on running time, with low-complexity models exhibiting moderate increases and more computationally intensive models experiencing discernible changes. Notably, ensemble methods demonstrated a favorable balance between performance gains and computational overhead.</p><p>This study underscores the potential of quantum data embedding to enhance classical ML models and emphasizes the importance of weighing performance improvements against computational costs. Future research may involve refining quantum encoding processes to optimize computational efficiency and explore scalability for real-world applications. Our work contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the intersection of quantum computing and classical machine learning, offering insights for researchers and practitioners seeking to harness the advantages of quantum-inspired techniques in practical scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00285-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An advanced quantum support vector machine for power quality disturbance detection and identification 用于电能质量干扰检测和识别的先进量子支持向量机

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00283-5

Qing-Le Wang, Yu Jin, Xin-Hao Li, Yue Li, Yuan-Cheng Li, Ke-Jia Zhang, Hao Liu, Long Cheng

{"title":"An advanced quantum support vector machine for power quality disturbance detection and identification","authors":"Qing-Le Wang, Yu Jin, Xin-Hao Li, Yue Li, Yuan-Cheng Li, Ke-Jia Zhang, Hao Liu, Long Cheng","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00283-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00283-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum algorithms have demonstrated extraordinary potential across numerous fields, offering significant advantages in solving practical problems. Power Quality Disturbances (PQDs) have always been a critical factor affecting the stability and safety of electrical power systems, and accurately detecting and identifying PQDs is crucial for ensuring reliable system operation. This paper explores the application of quantum algorithms in the field of power quality and proposes a novel method using Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVM) to detect and identify PQDs, which marks the first application of QSVM in PQD analysis. The QSVM model employed involves three main stages: quantum feature mapping, quantum kernel computation, and model training. Quantum feature mapping uses quantum circuits to map classical data into a high-dimensional Hilbert space, enhancing feature separability. Quantum kernel computation calculates the inner products between features for model training. Rigorous theoretical and experimental analyses validate our approach. This method achieves a time complexity of <span>(O(N^{2} log (N)))</span>, superior to classical SVM algorithms. Simulation results show high accuracy in PQDs detection, achieving a 100% detection rate and a 96.25% accuracy rate in single PQD identification. Experimental outcomes demonstrate robustness, maintaining over 87% accuracy even with increased noise levels, confirming its effectiveness in PQDs detection and identification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00283-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142453129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A methodology to select and adjust quantum noise models through emulators: benchmarking against real backends 通过仿真器选择和调整量子噪声模型的方法：以真实后端为基准

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00284-4

J. A. Bravo-Montes, Miriam Bastante, Guillermo Botella, Alberto del Barrio, F. García-Herrero

引用次数: 0

Trainability maximization using estimation of distribution algorithms assisted by surrogate modelling for quantum architecture search 利用代用建模辅助的分布估计算法实现可训练性最大化，用于量子架构搜索

IF 5.8 2区物理与天体物理

EPJ Quantum Technology Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00282-6

Vicente P. Soloviev, Vedran Dunjko, Concha Bielza, Pedro Larrañaga, Hao Wang

{"title":"Trainability maximization using estimation of distribution algorithms assisted by surrogate modelling for quantum architecture search","authors":"Vicente P. Soloviev, Vedran Dunjko, Concha Bielza, Pedro Larrañaga, Hao Wang","doi":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00282-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00282-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum architecture search (QAS) involves optimizing both the quantum parametric circuit configuration but also its parameters for a variational quantum algorithm. Thus, the problem is known to be multi-level as the performance of a given architecture is unknown until its parameters are tuned using classical routines. Moreover, the task becomes even more complicated since well-known trainability issues, e.g., barren plateaus (BPs), can occur. In this paper, we aim to achieve two improvements in QAS: (1) to reduce the number of measurements by an online surrogate model of the evaluation process that aggressively discards architectures of poor performance; (2) to avoid training the circuits when BPs are present. To detect the presence of the BPs, we employed a recently developed metric, information content, which only requires measuring the energy values of a small set of parameters to estimate the magnitude of cost function’s gradient. The main idea of this proposal is to leverage a recently developed metric which can be used to detect the onset of vanishing gradients to ensure the overall search avoids such unfavorable regions. We experimentally validate our proposal for the variational quantum eigensolver and showcase that our algorithm is able to find solutions that have been previously proposed in the literature for the Hamiltonians; but also to outperform the state of the art when initializing the method from the set of architectures proposed in the literature. The results suggest that the proposed methodology could be used in environments where it is desired to improve the trainability of known architectures while maintaining good performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":547,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Quantum Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://epjquantumtechnology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-024-00282-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0