G. Scott, D. Mariscal, D. Canning, R. Heeter, M. Krieger, R. Wallace, C. McGuffey, J. Peebles, R. Simpson, C. Stoeckl, T. Ma
{"title":"Demonstration of plasma mirror capability for the OMEGA Extended Performance laser system.","authors":"G. Scott, D. Mariscal, D. Canning, R. Heeter, M. Krieger, R. Wallace, C. McGuffey, J. Peebles, R. Simpson, C. Stoeckl, T. Ma","doi":"10.1063/5.0067467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0067467","url":null,"abstract":"A plasma mirror platform was developed for the OMEGA-EP facility to redirect beams, thus enabling more flexible experimental configurations as well as a platform that can be used in the future to improve laser contrast. The plasma mirror reflected a short pulse focusing beam at 22.5° angle of incidence onto a 12.5 μm thick Cu foil, generating Bremsstrahlung and kα x rays, and accelerating ions and relativistic electrons. By measuring these secondary sources, the plasma mirror key performance metrics of integrated reflectivity and optical quality are inferred. It is shown that for a 5 ± 2 ps, 310 J laser pulse, the plasma mirror integrated reflectivity was 62 ± 13% at an operating fluence of 1670 J cm-2, and that the resultant short pulse driven particle acceleration and x-ray generation indicate that the on target intensity was 3.1 × 1018 W cm-2, which is indicative of a good post-plasma mirror interaction beam optical quality. By deriving the plasma mirror performance metrics from the secondary source scalings, it was simultaneously demonstrated that the plasma mirror is ready for adoption in short pulse particle acceleration and high energy photon generation experiments using the OMEGA-EP system.","PeriodicalId":54761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"39 1","pages":"043006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89854553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Giudici, G. Acconcia, I. Labanca, M. Ghioni, I. Rech
{"title":"4 ns dead time with a fully integrated active quenching circuit driving a custom single photon avalanche diode.","authors":"A. Giudici, G. Acconcia, I. Labanca, M. Ghioni, I. Rech","doi":"10.1063/5.0087341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0087341","url":null,"abstract":"At the present time, Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) are the enabling devices in many applications, ranging from medical imaging to laser ranging and from remote sensing to quantum key distribution. Even though they belong to different scientific domains, these applications share the need for a detector capable of attaining high count rates possibly without trading it off with other key detector's features, such as afterpulsing probability, photon detection efficiency, and dark counts. In this work, we present the characterization of a fast integrated active quenching circuit capable of driving high-performance external custom-technology SPADs for single photon detection in the visible wavelength range. Combining the prompt intervention of the electronic circuitry and the performance of a custom-technology SPAD, we attained count rates up to 250 MCps while keeping the afterpulsing probability within 2%.","PeriodicalId":54761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"21 1","pages":"043103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75191980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Laso Garcia, A. Hannasch, M. Molodtsova, A. Ferrari, J. P. Couperus Cadabağ, M. Downer, A. Irman, S. Kraft, J. Metzkes-Ng, L. Naumann, I. Prencipe, U. Schramm, K. Zeil, R. Zgadzaj, T. Ziegler, T. Cowan
{"title":"Calorimeter with Bayesian unfolding of spectra of high-flux broadband x rays.","authors":"A. Laso Garcia, A. Hannasch, M. Molodtsova, A. Ferrari, J. P. Couperus Cadabağ, M. Downer, A. Irman, S. Kraft, J. Metzkes-Ng, L. Naumann, I. Prencipe, U. Schramm, K. Zeil, R. Zgadzaj, T. Ziegler, T. Cowan","doi":"10.1063/5.0078443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0078443","url":null,"abstract":"We report the development of a multipurpose differential x-ray calorimeter with a broad energy bandwidth. The absorber architecture is combined with a Bayesian unfolding algorithm to unfold high energy x-ray spectra generated in high-intensity laser-matter interactions. Particularly, we show how to extract absolute energy spectra and how our unfolding algorithm can reconstruct features not included in the initial guess. The performance of the calorimeter is evaluated via Monte Carlo generated data. The method accuracy to reconstruct electron temperatures from bremsstrahlung is shown to be 5% for electron temperatures from 1 to 50 MeV. We study bremsstrahlung generated in solid target interaction showing an electron temperature of 0.56 ± 0.04 MeV for a 700 μm Ti titanium target and 0.53 ± 0.03 MeV for a 50 μm target. We investigate bremsstrahlung from a target irradiated by laser-wakefield accelerated electrons showing an endpoint energy of 551 ± 5 MeV, inverse Compton generated x rays with a peak energy of 1.1 MeV, and calibrated radioactive sources. The total energy range covered by all these sources ranges from 10 keV to 551 MeV.","PeriodicalId":54761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"10 1","pages":"043102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81864200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transient abnormal signal acquisition system based on approximate entropy and sample entropy.","authors":"Jun Jiang, Shulin Tian, Yu Tian, Yi Zhou, Cong Hu","doi":"10.1063/5.0073423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0073423","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of time domain measurement, with increasing complexity of measured signals, the periodic stationarity of signals is destroyed and the transient non-stationarity starts to stand out, specifically manifested as frequent presence of transient abnormal signals, such as burrs, harmonics, noises, and modulating waves in the periodic signals. By applying the entropy estimation of signals to the field of time domain measurement, this paper designs a transient abnormal signal acquisition system based on approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn). In the process of data acquisition, the ApEn and SampEn of sampled data are computed in real time and the complexities of measured signals are differentiated, thus realizing abnormal signal detection. The experimental results demonstrate that SampEn generally has a higher sensitivity and wider application than ApEn in the detection process of transient abnormal signals. The study can provide a new method for the design of a time-domain measuring instrument with abnormal signal detection ability.","PeriodicalId":54761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"6 1","pages":"044702"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87739404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pengcheng He, Yiping Liang, Wei Qi, L. Bai, Quanxin Zhou, J. Zhang
{"title":"A high voltage capacitance measurement method based on alternating coupled signal injection.","authors":"Pengcheng He, Yiping Liang, Wei Qi, L. Bai, Quanxin Zhou, J. Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0085871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0085871","url":null,"abstract":"As high voltage pulse power capacitors, ceramic capacitors are widely used in high voltage pulse generators, trigger circuits, laser generators, and other fields. The capacitance of ceramic capacitors is closely related to the direct current (DC) bias voltage. However, the current capacitance measurement methods can only achieve a DC bias of 1 kV, which cannot meet the measurement requirements in high voltage environments. This paper proposes a capacitance measurement method that can accurately measure the capacitance under a DC bias of 3 kV. This method decouples the high DC bias voltage and high frequency alternating small signals and realizes low voltage calibration and high voltage isolation. The experimental results show that the proposed method measures the capacitance under a DC bias of 3 kV with a relative error within ±1%, which makes it possible to accurately quantify the capacitance hysteresis deviation in the process of increasing and decreasing back the voltage.","PeriodicalId":54761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"13 1","pages":"044704"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85880769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Tollkühn, P. J. Ritter, M. Schilling, B. Hampel
{"title":"THz microscope for three-dimensional imaging with superconducting Josephson junctions.","authors":"M. Tollkühn, P. J. Ritter, M. Schilling, B. Hampel","doi":"10.1063/5.0084207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0084207","url":null,"abstract":"Superconducting Josephson junctions have a wide range of applications ranging from quantum computing to voltage standards, and they may also be employed as versatile sensors for high-frequency radiation and magnetic fields. In this work, we present a unique measurement setup utilizing a single Josephson junction on a cantilever for high-resolution spatial measurements of spectroscopically resolved THz and microwave field distributions. This THz microscope can be utilized to measure power and frequency of electromagnetic radiation from ∼1 GHz to 5 THz. It may also be used to measure static magnetic fields and provide topological scans of samples. The samples can be both actively radiating or passively irradiated at either room temperature or cryogenic temperatures. We review the measurement setup of the THz microscope and describe the evaluation of its measurement data to achieve three-dimensional visualizations of the field distributions. The diverse capabilities of this unique tool are demonstrated by its different measurement modes with measurements of field distributions at 20 GHz and 1.4 THz, spectroscopically resolved THz measurements, and magnetic field measurements.","PeriodicalId":54761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"15 1","pages":"043708"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86644804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. S. Kumar, G. Prasad, J. P. Rao, V. Kumar, R. Ganesan, V. Jayaraman
{"title":"Design, development, and instrumentation of isopiestic experimental setup.","authors":"S. S. Kumar, G. Prasad, J. P. Rao, V. Kumar, R. Ganesan, V. Jayaraman","doi":"10.1063/5.0077715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0077715","url":null,"abstract":"An isopiestic experimental facility for the measurement of vapor pressures has been designed, fabricated, and commissioned. Using the vapor pressure data as a function of temperature, useful thermodynamic properties of alloys and compounds of interest can be derived. The isopiestic facility comprises a pair of furnaces, temperature controllers, thermocouple movement mechanism, user interface, and data collection. Four such experimental setups have been commissioned. This experimental facility is useful to determine the vapor pressures of a volatile component over the condensed phases as a function of temperature and composition. Using the vapor pressure data, the thermodynamic properties of various systems can be determined. The experimental setup was validated by a Pr-Cd isopiestic run, and the results are compared with the data reported in the literature.","PeriodicalId":54761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"7 1","pages":"044105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81801630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shengyu Fu, Xianghui Yin, J. Fu, Yingying Li, Fudi Wang, Hongming Zhang, C. Bae, B. Lyu, Qianhong Huang, Yongcai Shen, Yichao Li, Liang He, Yifei Jin, X. Gong
{"title":"Application of high precision wavelength calibration method for plasmas rotation measurement based on Fabry-Pérot etalon on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak.","authors":"Shengyu Fu, Xianghui Yin, J. Fu, Yingying Li, Fudi Wang, Hongming Zhang, C. Bae, B. Lyu, Qianhong Huang, Yongcai Shen, Yichao Li, Liang He, Yifei Jin, X. Gong","doi":"10.1063/5.0083784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0083784","url":null,"abstract":"Analyzing the radiation spectra of impurity ions is a widely applied diagnostic scheme for plasma ion temperature and rotation measurements on tokamaks. High precision wavelength calibration is a prerequisite for the accurate measurement of plasma parameters, especially for plasma rotation. Furthermore, the sparseness or absence of the standard spectral lines brings calibration challenges due to the narrow wavelength range. A precise wavelength calibration method is demonstrated in which the comb-like spectra generated by the Fabry-Pérot etalon can lock a series of fixed peaks as reference points in a wide wavelength range. The equal frequency intervals of the comb-like spectra are further corrected using several characteristic neon lines of known wavelengths. The experimental results indicate that the wavelength accuracy obtained by this calibration method is less than 0.005 nm, which corresponds to a rotation speed of 2.3 km/s in the toroidal direction for the beam emission spectroscopy spectrometer installed on the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak. Taking the O V(650.024 nm, n = 4 → 3) line as an example, the maximum difference in the oxygen ion rotation velocity is 3.8 km/s for the absolute rotation of ∼25 km/s, when compared with the calibration results of a standard lamp.","PeriodicalId":54761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"50 7 1","pages":"043504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91002121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ya Huang, Li Jiang, H. Lei, G. Gao, Peng Wu, J. Zhang, Zhengyi Huang
{"title":"Magnetic field influence analysis on the large-caliber steady-state magnetic field testing system.","authors":"Ya Huang, Li Jiang, H. Lei, G. Gao, Peng Wu, J. Zhang, Zhengyi Huang","doi":"10.1063/5.0082972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0082972","url":null,"abstract":"The large-caliber steady-state magnetic field testing system is an important device for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, which is mainly used for electromagnetic compatibility tests in a strong magnetic field environment. Magnetic field performance is the most important parameter of equipment. In the design process, it is necessary to analyze the magnetic field performance and study the influencing factors. This paper mainly studies the axial and radial magnetic fields in the uniform region and the magnetic field characteristics in several typical cases and then analyzes the influence of external ferromagnetic materials and the environmental magnetic field in detail. Finally, an experimental platform is built for a three-dimensional hall test. The results verify the correctness of the analysis.","PeriodicalId":54761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"74 1","pages":"044707"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85818413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lost electron energy distribution of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources.","authors":"I. Izotov, V. Skalyga, O. Tarvainen","doi":"10.1063/5.0075464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0075464","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure further progress in the development of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs), deeper understanding of the underlying physics is required. The electron energy distribution (EED), which is crucial for the performance of an ECRIS, still remains obscure. The present paper focuses on the details of a well-developed technique of measuring the EED of electrons escaping axially from the magnetically confined plasma of an ECRIS. The method allows for better than 500 eV energy resolution over a range of electron energies from 4 keV to over 1 MeV. We present detailed explanation of the experimental procedure and the following data processing peculiarities with examples and discuss possible reasons of energetic electron losses from the magnetic trap, in particular the role of RF pitch angle scattering. Finally, an experimental method of approximating the confined EED based on the measurement of escaping electrons is described.","PeriodicalId":54761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America and Review of Scientific Instruments","volume":"286 1","pages":"043501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80291366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}