Neuroepidemiology最新文献

{"title":"The latest Global Stroke Fact Sheet 1990-2023: Global Burden of Disease study.","authors":"Valery L Feigin, Victor Volovici, Michael Brainin, Bo Norrving, Sheila O Martins, Greg A Roth","doi":"10.1159/000552065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000552065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and rationale: </strong>Stroke remains a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates over recent decades. Updated and comprehensive assessments of global stroke burden are essential to inform prevention strategies, health-system planning, and policy responses, particularly in the context of widening inequities between regions and the emergence of new environmental and metabolic risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review summarises the most recent Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 1990-2023 estimates for stroke, drawing on data from the 2025 GBD cardiovascular disease publication and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation visualisation tools. Stroke burden was assessed for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage using standard GBD definitions. Estimates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and population-attributable fractions (PAFs) for 24 modifiable risk factors were analysed globally and across 21 GBD regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, stroke was the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of death and disability combined worldwide. Globally, there were 13.2 million incident strokes, 104.8 million people living with stroke, and 6.8 million stroke-related deaths, accounting for 156.5 million DALYs. Although age-standardised incidence, mortality, and DALY rates declined substantially since 1990, the absolute numbers of stroke events, deaths, and DALYs increased markedly, driven by population growth and ageing. Over 80% of stroke deaths and DALYs occurred in low- and middle-income countries. Ischaemic stroke accounted for 63.9% of incident cases, while haemorrhagic strokes contributed disproportionately to mortality and disability. Overall, 83% of the global stroke burden was attributable to modifiable risk factors, with high systolic blood pressure the leading contributor. Notably, the contribution of high ambient temperature, obesity, and lead exposure increased substantially between 1990 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Stroke remains largely preventable, yet its global burden continues to rise in absolute terms, with pronounced regional disparities. Intensified, region-specific prevention strategies targeting dominant risk factors, alongside equitable access to acute care and rehabilitation, are urgently required to reduce avoidable stroke-related death and disability worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":54730,"journal":{"name":"Neuroepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Severity of Guillain Barre Syndrome in Two Regional Areas of Australia: A retrospective audit of medical records.","authors":"Brendan Cutts, Pimsiri Phongpagdi, Sarah Wheelahan, Stella May Gwini, Oluwatobi Kojeku, Siew Kar Chen","doi":"10.1159/000551654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000551654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system, with an annual worldwide incidence of 1-2 cases per 100,000 people. The incidence of GBS in Australia has not been studied in the past 38 years, and existing Australian literature presents a different severity profile compared to that observed in the Barwon South West Region (BSWR). The aim of this study was to describe and compare the prevalence of GBS in two proximate regional areas of Australia. Methods A retrospective file audit was conducted for patients residing in the BSWR or Grampians Region (GR, a region adjacent to BSWR), admitted with GBS between 2009 and 2019. Results We identified 120 GBS patients during the study period: 91 from the BSWR and 29 from the GR. The age-adjusted incidence of GBS in the BSWR was 3.0 cases per 100,000 people per year (95% CI: 2.4-3.7), compared to 0.9 cases per 100,000 in the GR (95% CI: 0.6-1.3, p=0). The risk of GBS was significantly higher for those living in the BSWR compared to the GR (IRR 3.26, 95% CI: 2.14-4.95, p<0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, preceding illness, season of onset, disability severity, need for mechanical ventilation, medical treatments, or rehabilitation outcomes. Discussion This study provides updated data on the incidence and severity of GBS in two regional areas in the state of Victoria (Australia), revealing substantial regional variation within geographically proximate areas. These findings are crucial for resource planning and staff training. Further research is needed to explore the underlying causes of these regional differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":54730,"journal":{"name":"Neuroepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Lifestyles Profiles Influence Health Trajectories in Aging: Evidence from a Population-Based Sample.","authors":"Irene Brianzoni, Michele Rossi, Mauro Colombo, Antonio Guaita, Elena Rolandi","doi":"10.1159/000552066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000552066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As global population is aging at an accelerated pace, understanding how changes in modifiable lifestyles are related to positive health outcomes is crucial. This study aimed to discover the distinct profile of changes in lifestyle habits during aging, and their impact on cognitive, mental and physical health. Secondly, we rated the unique contribution of each lifestyle on health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted on 966 older adults from the InveCe.Ab population-based cohort, all dementia-free at baseline (70-75 years) and performing at least three multidimensional assessments over 12 years. A multivariate longitudinal K-means clustering approach grouped participants based on the longitudinal patterns of six lifestyle habits (physical activity, healthy diet, smoking, alcohol use, cognitive activity, and social engagement). Then we explored the longitudinal association of lifestyle patters on cognitive (Mini-Mental State Examination), mental (Geriatric Depression Scale), and physical health (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, single and dual-task walking speed test).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Longitudinal clustering identified three different profiles: Cluster B (n=390, 40%), exhibited the healthiest lifestyle pattern and showed better cognitive, mental and physical trajectories compared to Clusters A (n=531, 55%) and C (n=45, 5%). Among the health-behaviors considered, physical activity, social engagement and cognitive activity were independently associated with better health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consistent engagement in health-promoting behaviors during aging led to measurable benefit across the main health domains (cognitive, mental, physical). These findings highlight the need of multifaceted community-level lifestyle interventions to promote healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":54730,"journal":{"name":"Neuroepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Consumption as Risk Factors for Multiple Sclerosis Onset: a systematic and meta-analyze Review.","authors":"Aliakbar Mariki, Mohammad Shabani, Kristi Anne Kohlmeier, Moazamehosadat Razavinasab","doi":"10.1159/000552063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000552063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption are prevalent modifiable lifestyle behaviours potentially affecting MS risk, yet evidence of a role played by these factors in MS risk remains inconsistent, particularly for alcohol. To provide important information on risk and enable more robust conclusions for research and public health, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize observational evidence regarding the association between tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of developing MS. Accordingly, using PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar for English-language observational studies published between January 2010 and January 2025. Eligible studies reported adjusted effect estimates for smoking or alcohol exposure and MS onset. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; high-bias studies were excluded. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis (REML method). Heterogeneity was evaluated with I² and τ² statistics and explored via meta-regression. Eighteen studies were included (11 on smoking, 9 on alcohol). Smoking was associated with a significantly increased MS risk (pooled OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.33-1.49; I²=34.3%). Alcohol consumption showed no significant association (pooled OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.78-1.56; I²=87.9%), with substantial unexplained heterogeneity. We conclude from our review of the literature that tobacco smoking is a consistent risk factor for the onset of MS, indicating the need for targeted cessation interventions. In contrast, alcohol consumption shows no clear overall effect, however, the heterogeneity of findings present in the literature, which appeared to be largely driven by a few high impact studies emphasizes the need for standardized future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":54730,"journal":{"name":"Neuroepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Trends, Inequities, and Emerging Risks of Early-Onset Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Cui Zhao, Xinyi Han, Haifeng Wang, Zhongyue Lv, Guomin Xie, Liyuan Han","doi":"10.1159/000552067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000552067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the global burden, spatial disparities, and risk factors of early-onset ischemic stroke (EOIS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we estimated incidence, mortality, and DALYs. Health inequality was measured with Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Concentration Index (CII). Frontier analysis assessed national efficiency. Age-period-cohort and decomposition models analyzed trends and drivers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 1990 and 2021, global age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALYs for EOIS declined, but absolute cases rose due to population growth and aging. Males and populations in Central Asia and Eastern Europe had the highest burden. East Asia saw rising age-standardized incidence. Health inequalities widened globally, with countries like Nauru and Kiribati showing the largest gaps. High-SDI countries such as Lithuania and the U.S. demonstrated unmet healthcare efficiency. Incidence and mortality increased with age, especially in men over 35. Population aging and growth were key drivers. Leading risk factors included high LDL and hypertension, while high BMI, high ambient temperature, and sugar-sweetened beverages emerged as growing risks. Low whole grain intake was a major dietary risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The absolute burden of EOIS has increased due to demographic shifts. Significant socio-demographic and regional disparities persist, with men and certain regions facing disproportionately high risks. Metabolic risks remain central, while emerging factors are gaining importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54730,"journal":{"name":"Neuroepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National burden of motor neuron disease in China from 1990 to 2023: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.","authors":"Xiaofan Wei, Zheng Long, Changyun Liu, Xinjie He, Hongsheng Chen","doi":"10.1159/000552312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000552312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As a neurodegenerative disease, motor neuron disease (MND) is associated with a poor prognosis and imposes substantial economic and social burdens. Currently, hospital admissions for MND show rapid growth in China, yet assessments of the national disease burden of China remain insufficient. Therefore, we aims to systematically evaluate the disease burden of MND in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the data from Global Burden of Diseases 2023 (GBD 2023), we analyzed the incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) of MND in China from 1990 to 2023. Decomposition analysis was used to quantify factors influenced disease burden. And locally weighted regression was used to estimate the relationship between socio-demographic index (SDI) and age-standardized rate due to MND.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2023, China reported 8,085 incidence cases [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 6,546-9,782], 35,838 (95% UI: 28,946 to 43,309) prevalent cases and 2659 (95% UI: 1674 to 4876) deaths due to MND. Crude rates of prevalence, mortality and YLD in 2023 significantly exceeded 1990 levels. During 1990 to 2023, the age-standardised prevalence (ASPR) and age-standardised YLD rate of MND in China increased by 13.91% and 13.90%, respectively. In contrast, the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR), the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) age-standardised YLL rate and age-standardised DALY rate (ASDR) for MND had significantly decreased. The burden of MND increased progressively with age in both sexes, with males exhibiting a higher burden than females in 2023. In China, the total MND-related deaths increased by 66.10% from 1990 to 2023, driven by rises in age-specific motality rates (3.13%), population growth (21.33%), and population aging (41.64%). And a negative association was observed between SDI and the age-standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, YLL, YLD, and DALY due to MND in China.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The increase in ASPR and age-standardised YLD rate, despite the decline in ASIR, ASMR and ASDR and age-standardised YLL rate, which might confirms the extended survival rate of MND patients in China, which can be attributed to demographic transitions, advancements in diagnostic techniques, and improved therapeutic interventions. It is very important to study the accurate epidemiological data on MND for clinical diagnosis and treatment and health policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54730,"journal":{"name":"Neuroepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graded Association of Familial Stroke Burden with Asymptomatic Cerebrovascular Lesion.","authors":"Naoki Omori, Fusao Ikawa, Masaaki Chiku, Ryuji Kawata, Shuhei Yamaguchi, Atsushi Nagai","doi":"10.1159/000552064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000552064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although family history is an established risk factor for stroke, the extent to which familial aggregation of stroke correlates with subclinical cerebrovascular burden on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of adults who underwent brain health checkups at a single center in Tokyo, Japan. Family history of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage were assessed separately for parents, grandparents, siblings, and offspring, and participants were classified into five categories: no family history, both parents affected, father affected, mother affected, or other relatives affected. Outcomes were MRI-detected asymptomatic infarction and cerebral microbleeds, dichotomized as present (≥1 lesion) or absent. Logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in two models: Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex, and Model 2 was additionally adjusted for body mass index, current smoking, current alcohol consumption, and histories of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 60,310 stroke-free participants, asymptomatic infarction and cerebral microbleeds were each present in approximately 2%. In Model 2, compared with participants with no family history, those with a biparental history of ischemic stroke had higher odds of asymptomatic infarction (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.01-2.69). Similarly, a biparental history of intracerebral hemorrhage was associated with cerebral microbleeds (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.11-3.33).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this urban Japanese brain screening cohort, biparental stroke history may serve as a pragmatic marker of increased subclinical cerebrovascular burden and help identify individuals who could benefit from earlier preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54730,"journal":{"name":"Neuroepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for ischemic stroke in cold versus non-cold regions of China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yuxuan Li, Minmin Wu, Zhiliang Dong, Wenjing Song, Jiongliang Zhang, Xun Luo, Qingmei Wang, Luwen Zhu","doi":"10.1159/000551937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000551937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ischemic stroke (IS) exhibits pronounced geographic variation across China, with a consistently greater burden observed in colder regions. However, whether the strength of associations between major risk factors and IS differs between cold and non-cold regions remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched observational studies in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM from inception through September 6, 2025. Data were analyzed using Stata 16.0. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Regional differences were evaluated using subgroup analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-six studies involving 800,741 participants were included. In the overall analysis, the largest pooled effect estimates were observed for atrial fibrillation (OR 4.48, 95% CI 2.41-8.36, I² = 62.1%), coronary heart disease (OR 3.20, 95% CI 2.29-4.46, I² = 86.2%), and hypertension (OR 3.05, 95% CI 2.55-3.64, I² = 92.9%), all of which were accompanied by moderate to substantial between-study heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis demonstrated significantly larger pooled associations in cold regions for hypertension (OR 4.31 vs. 2.69, I² = 94.8% vs. 92.0%), diabetes mellitus (OR 2.60 vs. 1.77, I² = 71.6% vs. 90.7%), triglycerides (TG; OR 3.41 vs. 1.48, I² = 96.7% vs. 92.4%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; OR 1.91 vs. 1.43, I² = 0.0% vs. 67.2%) (all P < 0.05). In contrast, age was more strongly associated with IS in non-cold regions (OR 1.31 vs. 1.05, I² = 91.4% vs. 91.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our analysis identified substantial geographic heterogeneity in the reported associations between selected cardiometabolic risk factors and IS in China. These exploratory, study-level findings generate hypotheses regarding contextual modification of risk factor associations, warranting confirmation in prospective, individual-level studies before informing region-specific prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54730,"journal":{"name":"Neuroepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding late-stage clinical trial failure in multiple sclerosis: insights from ClinicalTrials.gov.","authors":"Alejandro Rivero-de-Aguilar, Mónica Pérez-Ríos, Joseph S Ross, Marta Mascareñas-García, Alberto Ruano-Raviña, Leonor Varela-Lema","doi":"10.1159/000551962","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Clinical trial failure -when a study is withdrawn or terminated for reasons unrelated to safety or efficacy- wastes resources and exposes patients to unnecessary risks. We examined such failures in the field of multiple sclerosis (MS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched ClinicalTrials.gov for phase III and IV MS drug trials conducted in 2008-2024. Trials were classified as normally ended or failed based on recruitment status and reported reasons. When information was missing, we reviewed publications and contacted principal investigators (PIs). Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess time to trial end and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with failure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 282 clinical trials included in our analysis involved 62 experimental drugs, primarily disease-modifying therapies (n=213 trials). Most studies aimed to evaluate drug efficacy (n=197 trials). Overall, 74.8% of trials ended normally while 25.2% failed. On average, failed trials ended ten months earlier than the rest of studies (trial actual duration: 17.8 vs. 28.2 months, p<0.001). Main reasons for failure were low recruitment (28.2%), unspecified business decisions (26.8%), and logistical problems (12.7%). In 28.2% of occasions it remained undisclosed. Trials evaluating drug safety (OR 0.35, 95%CI 0.13-0.94) and those with ≥50 participating centres (OR 0.10, 95%CI 0.02-0.38) seemed to have a lower risk of failure. Failure was not significantly associated with other factors such as study start date, PI location, or industry involvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>One out of four late-stage MS clinical trials fails. Increasing the number of study sites and improving recruitment strategies could enhance their success rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":54730,"journal":{"name":"Neuroepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of essential tremor among Greeks aged 65 years or older: Results from the HELIAD study.","authors":"Nikolaos Giagkou, Georgia Xiromerisiou, Mary Yannakoulia, Paraskevi Sakka, Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou, Efthimios Dardiotis, Mary H Kosmidis, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Elan D Louis","doi":"10.1159/000551938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000551938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction The prevalence of essential tremor (ET) demonstrates substantial differences across study populations and has been assessed in more than 40 population-based studies, but never in Greece. We directly estimated the prevalence of ET in community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older, which was the age group expected to have the highest prevalence. Methods Participants in a population-representative cohort aged ≥65 years underwent a neurological evaluation. ET was operationally defined as a Bain and Findley scale score ≥4 on the Archimedes' spirals drawn with the more affected arm, excluding alternative causes of tremor. In a subset of participants, we validated this against diagnoses of ET assigned based on videotaped neurological examination. Logistic regression models were performed to assess independent effects of age and sex on prevalence. Results 172 of 1,926 participants were classified as having ET, corresponding to a crude prevalence of 8.9% (95% Confidence interval [CI] = 7.7%, 10.2%). The prevalence of ET increased with increasing age (65-69: 6.4%; 70-74: 6.6%; 75-79: 12.1%; ≥80: 14.1%, X2 test, p<0.001) and was higher in male than female participants (11.7% vs 7.0%, X2 test, p<0.001). Both age and sex were significant predictors of ET, when assessed simultaneously using logistic regression - odds ratio (95% CIs) = 1.07 (1.04, 1.10) and 1.54 (1.11, 2.12), respectively. Discussion Our study provides the first estimate of ET prevalence in Greece and shows that ET is highly prevalent, as it affects 8.9% of Greeks aged ≥65.</p>","PeriodicalId":54730,"journal":{"name":"Neuroepidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}