Nutrition Research Reviews最新文献_第10页

Carbohydrates deteriorate fatty liver by activating the inflammatory response. 碳水化合物通过激活炎症反应使脂肪肝恶化。

IF 5.7 2区医学

Nutrition Research Reviews Pub Date : 2022-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0954422421000202

Yuqi Gao, Rui Hua, Kaiqiang Hu, Zhao Wang

{"title":"Carbohydrates deteriorate fatty liver by activating the inflammatory response.","authors":"Yuqi Gao, Rui Hua, Kaiqiang Hu, Zhao Wang","doi":"10.1017/S0954422421000202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422421000202","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was defined in 1980 and has the same histological characteristics as alcoholic liver disease except for alcohol consumption. After 40 years, the understanding of this disease is still imperfect. Without specific drugs available for treatment, the number of patients with NAFLD is increasing rapidly, and NAFLD currently affects more than one-quarter of the global population. NAFLD is mostly caused by a sedentary lifestyle and excessive energy intake of fat and sugar. To ameliorate or avoid NAFLD, people commonly replace high-fat foods with high-carbohydrate foods (especially starchy carbohydrates) as a way to reduce caloric intake and reach satiety. However, there are few studies that concentrate on the effect of carbohydrate intake on liver metabolism in patients with NAFLD, much fewer than the studies on fat intake. Besides, most of these studies are not systematic, which has made identification of the mechanism difficult. In this review, we collected and analysed data from studies on human and animal models and, surprisingly, found that carbohydrates and liver steatosis could be linked by inflammation. This review not only describes the effects of carbohydrates on NAFLD and body lipid metabolism but also analyses and predicts possible molecular pathways of carbohydrates in liver lipid synthesis that involve inflammation. Furthermore, the limitations of recent research and possible targets for regulating inflammation and lipogenesis are discussed. This review describes the effects of starchy carbohydrates, a nutrient signal, on NAFLD from the perspective of inflammation.","PeriodicalId":54703,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0954422421000202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39112423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Ketogenic diets and the nervous system: a scoping review of neurological outcomes from nutritional ketosis in animal studies. 生酮饮食和神经系统:动物研究中营养酮症的神经系统结果的范围综述。

IF 5.7 2区医学

Nutrition Research Reviews Pub Date : 2022-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0954422421000214

Rowena Field, Tara Field, Fereshteh Pourkazemi, Kieron Rooney

{"title":"Ketogenic diets and the nervous system: a scoping review of neurological outcomes from nutritional ketosis in animal studies.","authors":"Rowena Field, Tara Field, Fereshteh Pourkazemi, Kieron Rooney","doi":"10.1017/S0954422421000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422421000214","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Ketogenic diets have reported efficacy for neurological dysfunctions; however, there are limited published human clinical trials elucidating the mechanisms by which nutritional ketosis produces therapeutic effects. The purpose of this present study was to investigate animal models that report variations in nervous system function by changing from a standard animal diet to a ketogenic diet, synthesise these into broad themes, and compare these with mechanisms reported as targets in pain neuroscience to inform human chronic pain trials.Methods: An electronic search of seven databases was conducted in July 2020. Two independent reviewers screened studies for eligibility, and descriptive outcomes relating to nervous system function were extracted for a thematic analysis, then synthesised into broad themes.Results: In total, 170 studies from eighteen different disease models were identified and grouped into fourteen broad themes: alterations in cellular energetics and metabolism, biochemical, cortical excitability, epigenetic regulation, mitochondrial function, neuroinflammation, neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, neurotransmitter function, nociception, redox balance, signalling pathways, synaptic transmission and vascular supply.Discussion: The mechanisms presented centred around the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress as well as a reduction in nervous system excitability. Given the multiple potential mechanisms presented, it is likely that many of these are involved synergistically and undergo adaptive processes within the human body, and controlled animal models that limit the investigation to a particular pathway in isolation may reach differing conclusions. Attention is required when translating this information to human chronic pain populations owing to the limitations outlined from the animal research.","PeriodicalId":54703,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0954422421000214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39113020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The gut microbiota as a therapeutic target for obesity: a scoping review. 肠道菌群作为肥胖的治疗靶点:范围综述。

IF 5.7 2区医学

Nutrition Research Reviews Pub Date : 2022-12-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-08 DOI: 10.1017/S0954422421000160

Stephanie Santos-Paulo, Samuel P Costello, Samuel C Forster, Simon P Travis, Robert V Bryant

{"title":"The gut microbiota as a therapeutic target for obesity: a scoping review.","authors":"Stephanie Santos-Paulo, Samuel P Costello, Samuel C Forster, Simon P Travis, Robert V Bryant","doi":"10.1017/S0954422421000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422421000160","url":null,"abstract":"There is mounting evidence that microbiome composition is intimately and dynamically connected with host energy balance and metabolism. The gut microbiome is emerging as a novel target for counteracting the chronically positive energy balance in obesity, a disease of pandemic scale which contributes to >70 % of premature deaths. This scoping review explores the potential for therapeutic modulation of gut microbiota as a means of prevention and/or treatment of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders. The evidence base for interventional approaches which have been shown to affect the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome is summarised, including dietary strategies, oral probiotic treatment, faecal microbiota transplantation and bariatric surgery. Evidence in this field is still largely derived from preclinical rodent models, but interventional studies in obese populations have demonstrated metabolic improvements effected by microbiome-modulating treatments such as faecal microbiota transplantation, as well as drawing attention to the unappreciated role of microbiome modulation in well-established anti-obesity interventions, such as dietary change or bariatric surgery. The complex relationship between microbiome composition and host metabolism will take time to unravel, but microbiome modulation is likely to provide a novel strategy in the limited armamentarium of effective treatments for obesity.","PeriodicalId":54703,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0954422421000160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39072797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

NRR volume 35 issue 2 Front matter NRR第35卷第2期主题

IF 5.7 2区医学

Nutrition Research Reviews Pub Date : 2022-11-08 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422422000191

引用次数: 0

Determining the glycaemic responses of foods: conventional and emerging approaches. 测定食物的血糖反应:传统的和新兴的方法。

IF 5.7 2区医学

Nutrition Research Reviews Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0954422421000020

S R Priyadarshini, J A Moses, C Anandharamakrishnan

{"title":"Determining the glycaemic responses of foods: conventional and emerging approaches.","authors":"S R Priyadarshini, J A Moses, C Anandharamakrishnan","doi":"10.1017/S0954422421000020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422421000020","url":null,"abstract":"A low-glycaemic diet is crucial for those with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Information on the glycaemic index (GI) of different ingredients can help in designing novel food products for such target groups. This is because of the intricate dependency of material source, composition, food structure and processing conditions, among other factors, on the glycaemic responses. Different approaches have been used to predict the GI of foods, and certain discrepancies exist because of factors such as inter-individual variation among human subjects. Besides other aspects, it is important to understand the mechanism of food digestion because an approach to predict GI must essentially mimic the complex processes in the human gastrointestinal tract. The focus of this work is to review the advances in various approaches for predicting the glycaemic responses to foods. This has been carried out by detailing conventional approaches, their merits and limitations, and the need to focus on emerging approaches. Given that no single approach can be generalised to all applications, the review emphasises the scope of deriving insights for improvements in methodologies. Reviewing the conventional and emerging approaches for the determination of GI in foods, this detailed work is intended to serve as a state-of-the-art resource for nutritionists who work on developing low-GI foods.","PeriodicalId":54703,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0954422421000020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25313550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adolescent undernutrition in South Asia: a scoping review. 南亚青少年营养不良:范围审查。

IF 5.7 2区医学

Nutrition Research Reviews Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.1017/S0954422421000068

Sara Estecha Querol, Paramjit Gill, Romaina Iqbal, Maartje Kletter, Neslihan Ozdemir, Lena Al-Khudairy

{"title":"Adolescent undernutrition in South Asia: a scoping review.","authors":"Sara Estecha Querol, Paramjit Gill, Romaina Iqbal, Maartje Kletter, Neslihan Ozdemir, Lena Al-Khudairy","doi":"10.1017/S0954422421000068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422421000068","url":null,"abstract":"Undernutrition is a growing public health challenge affecting growth and development during adolescence in many low- and middle-income countries. This scoping review maps the evidence on adolescent undernutrition (stunting, thinness and micronutrient deficiencies) in South Asia and highlights gaps in knowledge. Using Arksey and O'Malley's framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers' Manual, the search included electronic bibliographic databases (Medline (OVID), Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Scopus) as well as various grey literature sources published up to March 2019. In total, 131 publications met the inclusion criteria of this review. All the included evidence used quantitative data and 115 publications used a cross-sectional design. Nearly 70% (n = 86) of the included publications were conducted in India. Prevalence of undernutrition was reported based on different growth references and cut-offs. Evidence is divided into publications that included an intervention component (n = 12) and publications that did not include an intervention component (n = 116), and presented in a narrative synthesis. This scoping review provides a wide range of publications on adolescent undernutrition in South Asia and identifies future research priorities in the field.","PeriodicalId":54703,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0954422421000068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38810597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

A scoping review of chronotype and temporal patterns of eating of adults: tools used, findings, and future directions. 成人饮食的时间类型和时间模式:使用的工具、发现和未来的方向。

IF 5.7 2区医学

Nutrition Research Reviews Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0954422421000123

Yan Yin Phoi, Michelle Rogers, Maxine P Bonham, Jillian Dorrian, Alison M Coates

{"title":"A scoping review of chronotype and temporal patterns of eating of adults: tools used, findings, and future directions.","authors":"Yan Yin Phoi, Michelle Rogers, Maxine P Bonham, Jillian Dorrian, Alison M Coates","doi":"10.1017/S0954422421000123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422421000123","url":null,"abstract":"Circadian rhythms, metabolic processes and dietary intake are inextricably linked. Timing of food intake is a modifiable temporal cue for the circadian system and may be influenced by numerous factors, including individual chronotype - an indicator of an individual's circadian rhythm in relation to the light-dark cycle. This scoping review examines temporal patterns of eating across chronotypes and assesses tools that have been used to collect data on temporal patterns of eating and chronotype. A systematic search identified thirty-six studies in which aspects of temporal patterns of eating, including meal timings; meal skipping; energy distribution across the day; meal frequency; time interval between meals, or meals and wake/sleep times; midpoint of food/energy intake; meal regularity; and duration of eating window, were presented in relation to chronotype. Findings indicate that, compared with morning chronotypes, evening chronotypes tend to skip meals more frequently, have later mealtimes, and distribute greater energy intake towards later times of the day. More studies should explore the difference in meal regularity and duration of eating window amongst chronotypes. Currently, tools used in collecting data on chronotype and temporal patterns of eating are varied, limiting the direct comparison of findings between studies. Development of a standardised assessment tool will allow future studies to confidently compare findings to inform the development and assessment of guidelines that provide recommendations on temporal patterns of eating for optimal health.","PeriodicalId":54703,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0954422421000123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9817652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Effects of betaine on non-alcoholic liver disease. 甜菜碱对非酒精性肝病的影响。

IF 5.7 2区医学

Nutrition Research Reviews Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.1017/S0954422421000056

Weiqiang Chen, Minjuan Xu, Minwen Xu, Yucai Wang, Qingyan Zou, Shuixiang Xie, Liefeng Wang

引用次数: 6

NRR volume 35 issue 1 Front matter 美国国家图书馆第35卷第1期

IF 5.7 2区医学

Nutrition Research Reviews Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422422000051

引用次数: 0

Antioxidants in smokers. 吸烟者体内的抗氧化剂。

IF 5.7 2区医学

Nutrition Research Reviews Pub Date : 2022-06-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.1017/S0954422421000093

Emanuela Astori, Maria L Garavaglia, Graziano Colombo, Lucia Landoni, Nicola M Portinaro, Aldo Milzani, Isabella Dalle-Donne

{"title":"Antioxidants in smokers.","authors":"Emanuela Astori, Maria L Garavaglia, Graziano Colombo, Lucia Landoni, Nicola M Portinaro, Aldo Milzani, Isabella Dalle-Donne","doi":"10.1017/S0954422421000093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422421000093","url":null,"abstract":"Cigarette smoke (CS) is likely the most common preventable cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consequently, inexpensive interventional strategies for preventing CS-related diseases would positively impact health systems. Inhaled CS is a powerful inflammatory stimulus and produces a shift in the normal balance between antioxidants and oxidants, inducing oxidative stress in both the respiratory system and throughout the body. This enduring and systemic pro-oxidative state within the body is reflected by increased levels of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers seen in smokers. Smokers might benefit from consuming antioxidant supplements, or a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, which can reduce the CS-related oxidative stress. This review provides an overview of the plasma profile of antioxidants observable in smokers and examines the heterogeneous literature to elucidate and discuss the effectiveness of interventional strategies based on antioxidant supplements or an antioxidant-rich diet to improve the health of smokers. An antioxidant-rich diet can provide an easy-to-implement and cost-effective preventative strategy to reduce the risk of CS-related diseases, thus being one of the simplest ways for smokers to stay in good health for as long as possible. The health benefits attributable to the intake of antioxidants have been observed predominantly when these have been consumed within their natural food matrices in an optimal antioxidant-rich diet, while these preventive effects are rarely achieved with the intake of individual antioxidants, even at high doses.","PeriodicalId":54703,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0954422421000093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38932502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7