Oceanography最新文献

{"title":"Monitoring Biodiversity Impacts of a Changing Arctic Through Environmental DNA","authors":"Matthew Galaska, Shannon Brown, Sean McAllister","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2023.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.221","url":null,"abstract":"The Ocean Molecular Ecology (OME) program at the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) is a recently established research group that partners with several established PMEL and Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) programs including Ecosystems & Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (EcoFOCI), Ocean Carbon, and Earth-Ocean Interactions (EOI). The OME program utilizes a suite of molecular tools to support long-term research initiatives through genomics applications, and their development and application as novel environmental (e)DNA approaches has been key for facilitating collaborations within PMEL and NOAA Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, and across NOAA line offices.","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135057946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology Transfer of PMEL Tsunami Research Protects Populations and Expands the New Blue Economy","authors":"Vasily Titov, Christian Meinig, Scott Stalin, Yong Wei, Christopher Moore, Eddie Bernard","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2023.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.205","url":null,"abstract":"NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory’s (PMEL’s) approach to tsunami research is unique among such laboratories in that tsunami observations and modeling are under one roof, offering the advantages of enhancing the speed and lowering the cost of developments. Here, we chronicle the history of the transfer of deep-ocean observational and flooding modeling technologies within and outside of NOAA and provide a case study for future transfers. PMEL and partners’ efforts in transferring tsunami technology have been very successful, resulting in improved protection of global communities with high tsunami risk while enhancing the new blue economy. The transfer of observational technology within NOAA required years of effort, while the transfer outside of NOAA only required a patent and license agreement. During the transfer process, three additional generations of observational technologies were created. The transfer of tsunami flooding modeling technology required a validation process for transfer into NOAA operations and an international training program to allow access to the technology by other countries. During this model development, a web-based product was created to simplify the use of and access to these models for both real-time and hazard assessment applications. We present lessons learned from these transfers, including the need for support as long as the technology is in use. The tsunami transfer process created a wealth of economic expansion while protecting coastal citizens from future tsunamis.","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135057990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Biophysical Observations and Climate Impacts in US Arctic Marine Ecosystems","authors":"Phyllis Stabeno, Shaun Bell, Catherine Berchok, Edward Cokelet, Jessica Cross, Ryan McCabe, Calvin Mordy, James Overland, David Strausz, Margaret Sullivan, Heather Tabisola","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2023.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.225","url":null,"abstract":"In 1995, the first of a nearly continuous sequence of biophysical moorings was deployed at a site (M2) on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf. Over the next 15 years, 10 additional mooring sites were initiated. The resultant long-term biophysical mooring array extends over 1,800 km from the southern Bering Sea to the northern Chukchi Sea, covering most of the US Arctic. It provides a full range of oceanographic data for researchers, stakeholders, and managers. In addition, these data sets have been critical for the validation of regional ocean models. The ocean temperature data have quantified regional warming and formed the basis for understanding how warmer temperatures and loss of sea ice are modifying these high-latitude marine ecosystems. Changes observed in the context of observations from the mooring program include delayed spring bloom, low abundances of large crustacean zooplankton and crab species, seabird die-offs, changes in ocean acidification, northward expansion of subarctic fish species, and shifts in the ranges of marine mammal species.","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135058874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REVAMP: Rapid Exploration and Visualization through an Automated Metabarcoding Pipeline","authors":"Sean McAllister, Christopher Paight, Emily Norton, Matthew Galaska","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2023.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.231","url":null,"abstract":"The revolution and acceleration in DNA sequencing over the past three decades has driven the development of new biomolecular tools like environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding for characterizing marine biodiversity. In order to operationalize eDNA approaches for routine NOAA observatories, new bioinformatic programs and improved organismal reference barcodes are needed to serve accurate and reliable biological data in a timely manner. To address these needs, we present Rapid Exploration and Visualization through an Automated Metabarcoding Pipeline (REVAMP), which provides streamlined end-to-end data processing from raw reads to data exploration, visualization, and hypothesis generation. One benefit of REVAMP is the ability to iteratively assess marker gene and reference database performance. Here, we used a filtered reference database that only included sequences uploaded prior to specified date cutoffs from 1995 to 2022 to analyze changes in eDNA metabarcoding taxonomic assignments, revealing patterns of uneven improvement in taxonomic assignment depth and accuracy across time, region, and marker sets. This work highlights the need for targeted reference sequencing efforts for key regional taxa and the importance of such efforts for improving eDNA biomonitoring approaches in the future.","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135057985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Evolving Ocean Acidification Risk to Dungeness Crab: Time-Series Observations and Modeling on the Olympic Coast, Washington, USA","authors":"Simone Alin, Samantha Siedlecki, Halle Berger, Richard Feely, Jeannette Waddell, Brendan Carter, Jan Newton, Ervin Schumacker, Daniel Ayres","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2023.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.216","url":null,"abstract":"The state of Washington’s Olympic coast is home to four US coastal treaty tribes who have relied on the region’s rich marine resources since time immemorial. The region is characterized by large dynamic ranges of physical and biogeochemical oceanographic parameters, particularly during the upwelling season (April–September). Here, we present novel estimates of ocean acidification metrics—pH and calcium carbonate saturation states (Ω)—representing pre-industrial, present-day (using 2010 as the index year), and near-future (2030) conditions. We compare these new estimates of past, present, and near-future ocean acidification status and seasonality to published end-of-century (2100) ocean acidification projections under a high CO2 emissions scenario, and also to sensitivity information for Dungeness crab, a regionally important subsistence and commercial fishery species projected to show strong declines in fisheries yields and revenues later this century.","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135053082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surviving Piracy and the Coronavirus Pandemic","authors":"Kenneth Connell, Michael McPhaden, Gregory Foltz, Renellys Perez, Karen Grissom","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2023.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.212","url":null,"abstract":"As with other elements of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), building and sustaining the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array (GTMBA) has had its own set of challenges. Moored buoys are fish aggregation devices, so they attract fishermen who often either intentionally or inadvertently damage the moorings. Fishing vandalism is the greatest source of data and equipment loss in the array, and it has no easy solution. Deploying and recovering deep ocean moorings requires specially equipped research vessels with the necessary size, endurance, and speed to carry out operations safely and efficiently. Such ships are in high demand and in short supply. Likewise, maintaining adequate funding levels to support a network of 100 or more moorings in the global tropics has always been difficult. The funding and ship time challenges have been mitigated in part by the formation of multi-national partnerships that underpin the success of the overall venture. Two challenges unique to the past decade, however, have been piracy and the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135057935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Seasonal Forecasts of Ocean Conditions Aid Fishery Managers? Experiences from 10 Years of J-SCOPE","authors":"Samantha Siedlecki, Simone Alin, Emily Norton, Nicholas Bond, Albert Hermann, Richard Feely, Jan Newton","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2023.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.219","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple stressors co-occurring in coastal waters are of increasing concern to local fisheries. Many economically, culturally, or ecologically important species (e.g., oysters, crabs, pteropods) in the Pacific Northwest are already directly affected by ocean acidification (OA), warming, and hypoxia. Additional indirect economic impacts on the finfish industry are possible due to losses of prey species. Because of strong seasonal and interannual variations in ocean conditions, capability for predicting degrees of acidification and hypoxia, as well as relevant indices of impact for species of interest, could be of considerable benefit to managers. Over the past 10 years, we have developed a seasonal ocean prediction system, JISAO’s Seasonal Coastal Ocean Prediction of the Ecosystem (J-SCOPE), for the coastal waters of the Pacific Northwest. The goal has been to provide seasonal (six-month) predictions of ocean conditions that are testable and relevant to management decisions regarding fisheries, protected species, and ecosystem health. The results of this work include publicly available seasonal forecasts of OA variables, hypoxia, temperature, and ecological indicators that are tailored for decision-makers involved in federal, international, state, and tribal fisheries. We codesigned J-SCOPE model products with state and tribal managers, and now federal managers at the Pacific Fishery Management Council receive J-SCOPE forecasts of OA and hypoxia within their annual Ecosystem Status Reports. US and Canadian managers of Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) are now briefed on J-SCOPE-driven forecasts of hake distribution. Most recently, new ocean acidification indices specific to Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) have been co-produced with state and tribal managers. In each of these cases, the team has also investigated the sources of skill in forecasting ocean conditions to assess applicability of the forecasts to the variables, depths, and seasons relevant to these high-value fisheries. Observations from NOAA’s Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and other regional partners have provided critical validation of model performance throughout the model development process. We offer a retrospective look at the first 10 years of forecasting to provide perspective on its successes and limitations, and the potential global applicability of seasonal forecasting to inform flexible management responses to rapidly changing climate and ocean conditions.","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135057992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"After Two Decades, Argo at PMEL, Looks to the Future","authors":"Gregory Johnson, Andrea Fassbender","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2023.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.223","url":null,"abstract":"The NOAA Pacific Environmental Laboratory (PMEL) has contributed to the revolutionary Argo ocean observing system since its inception, developing CTD calibration algorithms and software that have been adopted by the international Argo community. PMEL has provided over 1,440 Argo floats—~13% of the global array—with ~500 currently active. PMEL scientific contributions using Argo data have ranged from regional to global analyses of ocean circulation and water-mass variability, to ocean warming and its contributions to sea level rise and Earth’s energy imbalance, to estimates of global ocean deoxygenation. In recent years, PMEL has initiated both Deep Argo (with a regional pilot array of full-ocean-depth profiling floats in the rapidly changing and dynamic western South Atlantic) and Biogeochemical (BGC) Argo (with a pilot array in the biogeochemically diverse and economically important California Current Large Marine Ecosystem). PMEL is also developing innovative near-global maps of ocean physical and biogeochemical parameters using machine learning algorithms that enable investigations of societally important oceanographic phenomena, and an Adopt-A-Float program. Future challenges include growing the financial, infrastructure, and human resources necessary to take the Deep and BGC Argo missions global and to fulfill the One Argo mission of a global, full-depth, multidisciplinary ocean observing array.","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135058873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arctic Research at PMEL: From Sea Ice to the Stratosphere","authors":"Muyin Wang, James Overland","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2023.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.228","url":null,"abstract":"The Arctic is warming twice as fast as the global mean, making Arctic research essential for understanding the global climate system. For 50 years, researchers at the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory have sought to detect and understand the numerous changes the Arctic is undergoing, the Arctic’s connections with the Earth system, and the impacts of climate change on the people who live in the Arctic. PMEL accomplishments in Arctic research include identifying future states and variability of sea ice, defining the ice-free Arctic threshold and initiating a climate model selection process by applying observational constraints, developing a Bering Sea conveyor belt sea ice model and a vessel spray-icing index, investigating internal versus forced response of Arctic temperature change, connecting the Arctic with mid-latitude weather, and rescuing historical data. Through continued study, improved understanding, and communication, PMEL research informs policymakers, managers, and the public to help ensure a sustainable future for the Arctic.","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135056649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"50 Years of PMEL Tsunami Research and Development","authors":"Eddie Bernard, Christian Meinig, Vasily Titov, Yong Wei","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2023.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.208","url":null,"abstract":"This article chronicles the 50-year history of tsunami research and development at the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL), beginning with the merger in 1973 of the Joint Tsunami Research Effort and PMEL. It traces the development of instrumentation and modeling that brought a better understanding of tsunamis and improved warning systems. The advantage of having observational engineering and flooding modeling under one roof are highlighted. Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami (DART) research and development led to technology transfer to NOAA’s National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) that now operates and maintains 39 buoys and serves as real-time data distributor for other nations. This technology was also patented and licensed by PMEL to meet the needs of the international community. DART licensee Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) has manufactured over 60 buoys for eight different countries. DART data are essential for accurate tsunami warnings, so the global society benefits by receiving lifesaving information before the arrival of a tsunami. PMEL’s tsunami flooding modeling research led to technology transfer to NOAA’s tsunami warning centers, the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program, and international tsunami preparedness communities. Short-term flooding modeling research was initiated at PMEL to improve NOAA tsunami warning operations to better serve US coastal communities. The same validated modeling technology was then applied to produce hazard maps for coastal communities in the United States and internationally through the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC). Tsunami hazard maps are an essential first step in preparing a community for the next tsunami. Using these maps and other preparedness criteria, a community can become “Tsunami Ready” for the next event. Tsunami Ready has been adopted by the IOC as the global standard for preparedness of at-risk communities with total populations exceeding 890 million people.","PeriodicalId":54695,"journal":{"name":"Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135057645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}