Ocular Surface最新文献

{"title":"Alleviative effect of probiotics and prebiotics on dry eye in type 2 diabetic mice through the gut-eye axis","authors":"Shirui Dai ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Long ,&nbsp;Wentao Han ,&nbsp;Liwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Baihua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that manifests as a state of “chronic low-grade inflammation”. Patients with DM have a disorder of intestinal flora. There is a discernible correlation between this disorder of intestinal flora and the onset and progression of eye diseases, which offers novel insights into treating eye diseases through the modulation of intestinal flora. Here, we demonstrated that a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis can lead to dry eye-like manifestations in T2DM mice. Probiotic and prebiotic treatments not only alleviated intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption, but also mitigated damage to the lacrimal barrier and suppressed immune cell infiltration and inflammatory responses. Additional mechanism investigation found that probiotics and prebiotics inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and its downstream pro-inflammatory products both in the lacrimal gland and colon. 16S RNA sequencing identified a reduction in the bacterial genera <em>Akkermansia</em> and <em>Lactobacillus</em> in the fecal samples of DM mice. By contrast, treatment with probiotics and prebiotics led to a reshaping of the intestinal microbial community and a reduction in bile acid metabolites, such as taurocholic acid and deoxycholic acid. Our current study demonstrates that probiotic and prebiotic treatments can ameliorate dry eye-like symptoms and associated pathological changes in T2DM mice. Moreover, we proved that a high-fat diet and STZ-induced microbiota dysbiosis were involved in diabetic dry eye through the gut-eye axis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 244-260"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of blinking exercises on palpebral fissure height and tear film parameters","authors":"Reiko Arita ,&nbsp;Shima Fukuoka ,&nbsp;Ray Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Minako Kaido","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Blinking is an involuntary movement essential for ocular surface health and visual comfort. While blinking exercises in patients with dry eye have been shown to improve symptoms, increase non-invasive tear film breakup time (NIBUT), and decrease incomplete blink rate (IBR), no studies have quantified improvements in eyelid opening. This study evaluated the effects of blinking exercises on palpebral fissure height (PFH), subjective symptoms, and tear film-related parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were randomly assigned to a “blinking exercise group” that performed blinking exercises after instilling artificial tear drops five times daily for three days or control group that only used artificial tear drops. Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were recorded for dryness, eye strain, ocular discomfort, blurred vision, foreign body sensation, dullness, and difficulty in opening the eyelids. The pre- and post-study measurements included lipid layer thickness, PFH, blink interval, IBR, tear meniscus height, NIBUT, fluorescein staining, and fluorescein breakup time (FBUT).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 100 participants (28 males, 72 females, mean age 38.4 ± 7.4 years), 52 were in the blinking exercise group and 48 were in the control group. The blinking exercise group showed significant improvements in SPEED (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), VAS scores for eye strain and discomfort (<em>P</em> = 0.003, 0.007), enlarged PFH (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), prolonged NIBUT and FBUT (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and reduced IBR (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) compared to the controls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Blinking exercises improved PFH, incomplete blinking, tear film stability, and subjective symptoms in patients with dry eye.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 237-243"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and optimization of an ex vivo model of corneal epithelium damage with 1-heptanol: Investigating the influence of donor clinical parameters and MSC-sEV treatment on healing capacity","authors":"Filippo Bonelli ,&nbsp;Seyedmohammad Moosavizadeh ,&nbsp;Elisa Fasolo ,&nbsp;Alessia Di Nella ,&nbsp;Vanessa Barbaro ,&nbsp;Ilaria Zorzi ,&nbsp;Mauro Krampera ,&nbsp;Jana D'Amato Tóthová ,&nbsp;Diego Ponzin ,&nbsp;Thomas Ritter ,&nbsp;Stefano Ferrari ,&nbsp;Umberto Rodella","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To develop and characterize a reproducible human corneal epithelial wound-healing model using 1-heptanol, and to investigate the healing potential of Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell small Extracellular Vesicles (MSC-sEV) and the influence of donor characteristics on epithelial healing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighty-eight (n = 88) human corneoscleral tissues unsuitable for transplantation were employed. Corneal epithelial damage was induced with 1-heptanol and monitored every 24 h up to 96 h using fluorescein and trypan blue staining. Histological assessment was performed on untreated and damaged tissues. Damaged areas were measured with FIJI software, and healing rates were calculated. MSC-sEV were isolated with size exclusion chromatography and characterized for their size, morphology and biomarkers. Their impact on healing was assessed in both <em>in vitro</em> scratch assays on cultured human corneal epithelial cells and on <em>ex vivo</em> 1-heptanol-damaged corneas.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Histological analysis revealed detached corneal epithelium in the central area, while other layers remained unaffected. Healing rate peaked at 48 h post-damage. Trypan blue and Fluorescein staining correlated and the former highlighted a higher initial healing rate than the latter. Diabetic and heart-beating brain-deceased donors showed impaired healing rates. MSC-sEV (79.8 nm, spherical bilayer, positive for TSG101, CD9, CD63, and CD81) significantly improved epithelial wound healing in both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>ex vivo</em> models.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>1-heptanol effectively induces reproducible corneal epithelial damage, and the <em>ex vivo</em> organ-cultured human cornea heals the epithelium within 96 h. Diabetes and donation from heart-beating brain-deceased donors reduce healing capacity. MSC-sEV boost epithelial repair in damaged corneas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 224-236"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pipeline: US FDA efficacy requirements for treatment of ocular surface disease: Drugs vs. medical devices","authors":"R.Lee Kramm ,&nbsp;Gary D. Novack","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 220-223"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smad4 deficiency ameliorates the progressive corneal stroma thinning caused by the loss of Tbr1","authors":"Yong Yuan ,&nbsp;Shingo Yasuda ,&nbsp;Kaitlyn L. Funk ,&nbsp;Winston Kao ,&nbsp;Shizuya Saika ,&nbsp;Adam Kaufman ,&nbsp;Chia-Yang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To understand how <em>Tbr1</em> and <em>Smad4</em> play a pivotal role in controlling ECM synthesis versus degradation for maintaining corneal stromal homeostasis and otherwise leading to corneal ectasia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Keratocyte-specific and inducible knockout (iKO) of <em>Tbr1</em>, <em>Smad4</em>, or <em>Tbr1/Smad4</em> double KO (iDKO) mice were generated. OCT was used to assess corneal thickness <em>in vivo</em>. Masson's trichrome and collagen hybridizing peptide stainings were performed to examine collagen expression. Immunostaining with an anti-cathepsin B antibody was used to assess ECM degradation. Cathepsin B inhibitor, CA-074Me, eyedrop was conducted to test its effect on treating stromal thinning in <em>Tbr1</em> iKO mice.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>Tbr1</em> iKO and <em>Smad4</em> iKO displayed corneal thinning, but <em>Tbr1</em> iKO revealed a progressive and more severe pathology than <em>Smad4</em> iKO. <em>Tbr1</em> iKO cornea lost most of its stroma and thus a dome shape. Collagen ECM is evenly distributed in <em>Smad4</em> iKO as well as control littermates but was lost mainly in the anterior stroma of the <em>Tbr1</em> iKO. Interestingly, <em>Tbr1/Smad4</em> iDKO ameliorated <em>Tbr1</em> iKO phenotype. The basal level of Cathepsin b (Ctsb) could be detected in the control stroma but was significantly increased in the <em>Tbr1</em> iKO stromal cells and this effect was canceled in <em>Tbr1/Smad4</em> iDKO. CA-074Me eyedrops administration significantly inhibited progressive corneal thinning caused by the <em>Tbr1</em> iKO.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our data from <em>Tbr1/Smad4</em> iDKO argued that Smad4 played a pivotal role in controlling Tbr1-dependent ECM synthesis and Tbr1-independent ECM degradation to maintain corneal stromal integrity and homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 181-189"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a biweekly novel selenium sulfide-containing topical treatment in symptomatic contact lens wearers: An exploratory study","authors":"Fiona Stapleton ,&nbsp;Tianni Jia ,&nbsp;Venita DePuy ,&nbsp;Charles Bosworth ,&nbsp;Marc Gleeson ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To explore effects of topical 1 % selenium sulfide on signs and symptoms in symptomatic contact lens-wearers, in an exploratory 4-month prospective placebo-controlled double-masked randomised trial.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Symptomatic wearers (Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 [CLDEQ-8] score&gt;12) with meibomian gland dysfunction (meibomian gland score (MGS)≤12), were enrolled and received either active (AZR-MD-001-containing 1 % selenium sulfide), or vehicle ointment, to the lower eyelid margin twice-weekly. MGS, meibomian glands-yielding liquid secretion (MGYLS), lipid layer thickness, tear meniscus height, tear break-up time, tear evaporation rate, lid wiper epitheliopathy, CLDEQ-8 and comfortable wear time (CWT) were measured at baseline and to 4-months. Differences between active and placebo were compared to baseline.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fourteen participants (5M:9 F, 30.8 ± 13.8 years) completed the study. In the active group, change in MGS from baseline improved by 1-month (mean difference 7.9 ± 8.0, p = 0.03), to 4-months (16.0 ± 11.3, p &lt; 0.01). MGYLS improved from baseline by 1.5-months (4.0 ± 3.3) to 4-months (4.1 ± 4.3, p &lt; 0.01). In the vehicle, change in MGS (12.1 ± 10.7) and MGYLS (3.9 ± 3.2) were improved at 4-months only (p &lt; 0.01). CLDEQ-8 score improved at 1-month and 4-months compared to baseline (−4.4 ± 3.2, −5.1 ± 4.7, p ≤ 0.02) in the active and at 4-months only in the vehicle group (−4.4 ± 6.4, p = 0.02). In the active group, CLDEQ-8 visual function scores improved at 1- and 4-months (p ≤ 0.02) and CWT at 4-months (median 7 vs.10 h, p = 0.025). Other signs were unchanged.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This exploratory study indicates that twice-weekly use of AZR-MD-001 ointment can rapidly improve gland patency and secretion in symptomatic contact lens-wearers. AZR-MD-001 reduced changeable/blurry vision and prolonged CWT, suggesting relevant future endpoints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 190-197"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on meibomian gland structure","authors":"Andrea Novo-Diez ,&nbsp;Jens Horstmann ,&nbsp;Itziar Fernández ,&nbsp;Margarita Calonge ,&nbsp;María J. González-García ,&nbsp;Philipp Steven","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.01.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To assess morphological changes in the meibomian glands (MGs) pre- and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants yet to undergo HSCT were included in a pre-HSCT group. Meibography images of both lids were graded using Pult's meiboscale and analyzed using a semi-automatic software program. Meibography variables in the pre-HSCT group were compared with those in a control group of healthy participants. The follow-up group, a subset of the pre-HSCT group, comprised participants followed up for at least 6 months post-HSCT. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear break-up time, corneal fluorescein staining, and Schirmer test were performed. The differences in meibography variables and ocular surface tests pre- and post-HSCT were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pre-HSCT and control groups comprised 181 and 24 participants, respectively. The pre-HSCT group had a higher meiboscale in the lower lid (2 vs. 1, p = 0.011) than controls. The follow-up group comprised 20 patients followed up for 12.75 months post-HSCT. After HSCT, the meiboscale of the upper lid was higher (2 vs. 1, p = 0.011), the MG area was lower in both lids (upper lid = 16.14 % vs. 21.49 %, p = 0.001; lower lid = 11.92 % vs. 17.59 %, p = 0.011), and the OSDI increased (15.2 vs. 26.85, p = 0.018) in the second visit compared to the first visit.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Alterations in meibography were observed in patients pre- and post-HSCT. This may be attributed to the effect of treatments administered pre-HSCT, although an additive effect of conditioning regimen in the long-term cannot be discarded.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 173-180"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A large hypothesis-free proteomics study investigating serum inflammatory markers as biomarkers of dry eye disease","authors":"Jelle Vehof ,&nbsp;Amber Rhee ,&nbsp;Niccolò Rossi ,&nbsp;Mario Falchi ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Hammond ,&nbsp;Frances M.K. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To test the association between serum inflammatory markers and dry eye disease (DED) using a hypothesis-free proteomic approach in a population-based cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 2602 unselected community-based participants (mean age 61.5 (range 21–92 years), 94.4 % female) from the TwinsUK cohort were examined. DED was assessed with the validated Women’s Health Study (WHS) questionnaire; cases were defined by either a previous clinician diagnosis or presence of highly symptomatic dry eye. Serum inflammatory markers were assessed with the Olink Target 96 Inflammation panel. We performed logistic regression mixed effect models, adjusted for age, BMI, sex, and twin relatedness, with false discovery rate (FDR) correction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Prevalence of WHS-defined DED was 29.1 %, with 26.2 % having a previous diagnosis of DED and 16.5 % having highly symptomatic dry eye. Of 74 inflammatory markers, significant associations with WHS-defined DED were found for neurotrophin-3 (NT-3; OR: 0.68, FDR p-value: 0.043), natural killer-cell receptor 2B4 (CD244; OR: 0.68, FDR p-value: 0.043), C-X-C motif chemokines (CXCL) 9 (OR: 1.23, FDR p-value: 0.043) and CXCL10 (OR: 1.22, FDR p-value: 0.043). Significant association with highly symptomatic dry eye were found with increased levels of CCL19, CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL20, CX3CL1 (fractalkine), TNF, CDCP1, and CCL25.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This large population-based study found several serum inflammatory proteins to be associated with DED, confirming and adding to previous targeted tear and corneal and conjunctival expression studies in murine models and clinic-based case-control studies. Of interest, a novel potential biomarker NT-3, which plays a role in corneal nerve function, was identified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 198-208"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of stem cell-derived exosomes in anterior segment eye diseases: A comprehensive update review","authors":"Masoud Khorrami-Nejad ,&nbsp;Hesam Hashemian ,&nbsp;Ali Majdi ,&nbsp;Khosrow Jadidi ,&nbsp;Hossein Aghamollaei ,&nbsp;Ali Hadi","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has emerged as a promising approach for addressing various eye-related conditions. Yet, its clinical application faces challenges due to issues such as limited biocompatibility and difficulties in effectively delivering treatment to specific ocular tissues. Recent studies have shifted attention towards MSC-derived exosomes, which share similar regenerative, reparative, and immunomodulatory capabilities with their origin cells. This review delves into the latest research on the use of MSC-derived exosomes for treating anterior segment diseases of the eye. It explores the exosomes' composition, biological functions, and the methods used for their isolation, as well as their roles in disease progression, diagnosis, and therapy. The review critically assesses the therapeutic advantages and mechanisms of action of MSC-derived exosomes in treating conditions like dry eye disease, Sjogren's syndrome, keratoconus, corneal lesions, and corneal allograft rejection. Additionally, it discusses the obstacles and future prospects of employing MSC-derived exosomes as innovative therapies for anterior segment eye diseases. This comprehensive overview underscores the significant potential of MSC-derived exosomes in transforming the treatment paradigm for anterior segment eye disorders, while also highlighting the necessity for further research to enhance their clinical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 209-219"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Label-free quantitative imaging of conjunctival goblet cells","authors":"Noseong Park ,&nbsp;Suil Jeon ,&nbsp;Seonghan Kim ,&nbsp;Jungbin Lee ,&nbsp;Jin Suk Ryu ,&nbsp;Wan Jae Choi ,&nbsp;Chang Ho Yoon ,&nbsp;Chulmin Joo ,&nbsp;Ki Hean Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtos.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To introduce and validate quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy (qOBM) as a label-free, high-contrast imaging technique for visualizing conjunctival goblet cells (GCs) and assessing their functional changes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>qOBM was developed in conjunction with moxifloxacin-based fluorescence microscopy (MBFM), which was used for validating GC imaging. Initial validation was conducted with polystyrene beads, followed by testing on normal mouse conjunctiva under both <em>ex-vivo</em> and <em>in-vivo</em> conditions. Longitudinal qOBM imaging was performed on <em>ex-vivo</em> mouse conjunctiva exposed to hyperosmotic stress (induced by 1000 mOsm/kg NaCl solution) and normal saline (300 mOsm/kg balanced salt solution, BSS). Imaging was conducted at baseline and at 15- and 30-min instillation. Results were compared to those of MBFM and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. A similar longitudinal study was performed <em>in-vivo</em>, and the outcomes were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>qOBM accurately imaged polystyrene beads, with measured phase delays matching theoretical predictions. In normal mouse conjunctiva, qOBM visualized GCs in high contrast, confirmed by MBFM, and the average phase delay was 0.59 ± 0.25 radians. Under hyperosmotic stress, qOBM detected a significant reduction in GC phase delays, decreasing to levels of the surrounding tissue (−0.07 ± 0.14 radians). In normal conditions, no notable changes were observed in GCs. <em>In</em>-<em>vivo</em> imaging results were consistent with <em>ex-vivo</em> findings. Statistical analysis further characterized these changes. The results were consistent with MBFM and PAS staining.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>qOBM is a high-contrast, label-free imaging modality that enables the functional assessment of GCs. This technique holds significant potential for advancing research and clinical diagnostics related to ocular surface diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54691,"journal":{"name":"Ocular Surface","volume":"36 ","pages":"Pages 156-163"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}