Pathologe最新文献_第9页

[Nodular tumour of the Vas deferens with epithelial structures]. 输精管结节性肿瘤伴上皮结构。

4区医学

Pathologe Pub Date : 2021-11-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-021-00992-z

J Wohlschläger, K Greimelmaier, A Ramankulov, H Feist, T Loch, T Hager, H Reis, K W Schmid, A Hartmann, A Agaimy

引用次数: 0

[Localized prostate cancer]. [局限性前列腺癌]。

4区医学

Pathologe Pub Date : 2021-11-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-021-00997-8

V W Sailer, S Perner, P Wild, J Köllermann

引用次数: 0

BRAF testing in metastatic colorectal carcinoma and novel, chemotherapy-free therapeutic options. 转移性结直肠癌的BRAF检测和新的无化疗治疗方案。

4区医学

Pathologe Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-021-00946-5

Michael Hummel, Susanna Hegewisch-Becker, Jens H L Neumann, Arndt Vogel

{"title":"BRAF testing in metastatic colorectal carcinoma and novel, chemotherapy-free therapeutic options.","authors":"Michael Hummel, Susanna Hegewisch-Becker, Jens H L Neumann, Arndt Vogel","doi":"10.1007/s00292-021-00946-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-021-00946-5","url":null,"abstract":"In the past 25 years, treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has undergone profound changes. The approval of newer chemotherapeutics such as irinotecan and oxaliplatin was followed in 2005 by the first targeted therapies, for example, monoclonal antibodies directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), as cetuximab and panitumumab, or the angiogenesis inhibitors bevacizumab, ramucirumab, and aflibercept. With the rapidly progressing molecular characterization of mCRC in the last 10 years and the classification of the disease in four consensus subtypes, further changes are emerging, which will promote, among other things, the introduction of protein-kinase inhibitors developed for specific molecular aberrations as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors into the treatment algorithm.Thorough molecular pathologic testing is indispensable today for guideline-compliant treatment of mCRC patients. In addition to RAS testing as a precondition for the therapy decision with regard to cetuximab and panitumumab, BRAF testing is of considerable relevance to allow decision making with regard to the newly approved chemotherapy-free combination of the BRAF inhibitor encorafenib and cetuximab in cases where a BRAF-V600E mutation is detected. Additional diagnostic tests should also include genome instability (microsatellite instability). Overall, more and more molecular alterations need to be investigated simultaneously, so that the use of focused next-generation sequencing is increasingly recommended.This overview describes the prognostic relevance of BRAF testing in the context of molecular pathologic diagnostics of mCRC, presents new treatment options for BRAF-mutated mCRC patients, and explains which modern DNA analytical and immunohistochemical methods are available to detect BRAF mutations in mCRC patients.","PeriodicalId":54641,"journal":{"name":"Pathologe","volume":"42 Suppl 1","pages":"98-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00292-021-00946-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10629050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

[Oncocytic tumours of the kidney-new differential diagnoses]. 【肾嗜瘤细胞肿瘤——新的鉴别诊断】。

4区医学

Pathologe Pub Date : 2021-11-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-021-00979-w

I Polifka, R Ohashi, H Moch

引用次数: 0

[Kidney tumors-an introduction to the topic]. [肾脏肿瘤-主题介绍]。

4区医学

Pathologe Pub Date : 2021-11-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-021-00984-z

Holger Moch

引用次数: 1

Histomorphological patterns of regional lymph nodes in COVID-19 lungs. COVID-19肺区域淋巴结的组织形态学特征。

4区医学

Pathologe Pub Date : 2021-11-01 Epub Date: 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-021-00945-6

Jasmin D Haslbauer, Matthias S Matter, Anna K Stalder, Alexandar Tzankov

{"title":"Histomorphological patterns of regional lymph nodes in COVID-19 lungs.","authors":"Jasmin D Haslbauer, Matthias S Matter, Anna K Stalder, Alexandar Tzankov","doi":"10.1007/s00292-021-00945-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-021-00945-6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A dysregulated immune response is considered one of the major factors leading to severe COVID-19. Previously described mechanisms include the development of a cytokine storm, missing immunoglobulin class switch, antibody-mediated enhancement, and aberrant antigen presentation.Objectives: To understand the heterogeneity of immune response in COVID-19, a thorough investigation of histomorphological patterns in regional lymph nodes was performed.Materials and methods: Lymph nodes from the cervical, mediastinal, and hilar regions were extracted from autopsies of patients with lethal COVID-19 (n = 20). Histomorphological characteristics, SARS-CoV‑2 qRT-PCR, and gene expression profiling on common genes involved in immunologic response were analyzed.Results: Lymph nodes displayed moderate to severe capillary stasis and edema, an increased presence of extrafollicular plasmablasts, mild to moderate plasmacytosis, a dominant population of CD8+ T‑cells, and CD11c/CD68+ histiocytosis with hemophagocytic activity. Out of 20 cases, 18 presented with hypoplastic or missing germinal centers with a decrease of follicular dendritic cells and follicular T‑helper cells. A positive viral load was detected by qRT-PCR in 14 of 20 cases, yet immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV-2 N-antigen revealed positivity in sinus histiocytes of only one case. Gene expression analysis revealed an increased expression of STAT1, CD163, granzyme B, CD8A, MZB1, and PAK1, as well as CXCL9.Conclusions: Taken together, our findings imply a dysregulated immune response in lethal COVID-19. The absence/hypoplasia of germinal centers and increased presence of plasmablasts implies a transient B‑cell response, implying an impaired development of long-term immunity against SARS-CoV‑2 in such occasions.","PeriodicalId":54641,"journal":{"name":"Pathologe","volume":" ","pages":"89-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00292-021-00945-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38883707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

[Eosinophilic, solid, and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC-RCC)]. [嗜酸性、实体性和囊性肾细胞癌（ESC-RCC）]。

4区医学

Pathologe Pub Date : 2021-11-01 Epub Date: 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-021-00998-7

Arndt Hartmann, Abbas Agaimy

{"title":"[Eosinophilic, solid, and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC-RCC)].","authors":"Arndt Hartmann, Abbas Agaimy","doi":"10.1007/s00292-021-00998-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-021-00998-7","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its descriptive name, eosinophilic, solid, and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC-RCC) represents a distinctive epithelial renal tumor entity defined by characteristic clinicopathological and molecular features. ESC-RCC occurs predominantly in women and is characterized in the majority of cases by sporadic (somatic) TSC mutations. A small subset of cases, however, affects patients with TSC germline mutations (tuberous sclerosis syndrome). TSC mutations have therefore been shown to be pathogenetic in this type of tumor. Most tumors present as small (pT1) well circumscribed but not encapsulated lesions with variable macrocystic spaces on their cut surface. Immunohistochemically, their CD117-/CK7-/CK20+ profile is characteristic. Although the tumor cell nuclei of the ESC-RCC occasionally correspond to ISUP/WHO grade 2-3, these tumors are essentially indolent with aggressive cases being only rarely observed. Single case reports have documented effective treatment of aggressive cases with mTOR inhibitors. ESC-RCC needs to be distinguished from a variety of eosinophilic RCC types with secondary cystic changes including cystic SDH-deficient RCC, the recently proposed eosinophilic vacuolated tumor (EVT; also mTOR-related), oncocytoma, and low-grade oncocytic tumor (LOT). The generally indolent behavior and frequent TSC/mTOR alterations in ESC-RCC, EVT, and some LOTs raise the question of whether these lesions represent independent tumor entities or are merely morphological variants on the spectrum of eosinophilic low-grade TSC/mTOR-related neoplasms.","PeriodicalId":54641,"journal":{"name":"Pathologe","volume":" ","pages":"565-570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39460362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Virchow medallists and honorary members of the German Society of Pathology and their relationship with National Socialism : A cross-sectional study. 德国病理学会的Virchow奖章获得者和荣誉会员及其与国家社会主义的关系:一项横断面研究。

4区医学

Pathologe Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-020-00766-z

Mathias Schmidt, Christina Gräf, Dominik Gross

{"title":"Virchow medallists and honorary members of the German Society of Pathology and their relationship with National Socialism : A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Mathias Schmidt, Christina Gräf, Dominik Gross","doi":"10.1007/s00292-020-00766-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-020-00766-z","url":null,"abstract":"The present study focuses on the group of pathologists who (1) were appointed honorary members or bearers of the Rudolf Virchow Medal by the German Society for Pathology (DGP) and (2) experienced the Third Reich as a citizen of the Third Reich. In particular, it examines the relationship between those distinguished persons and National Socialism, and, at the same time, the criteria of the professional society when awarding such honors. Specifically, it is important to clarify what role the DGP officials ascribed to the political stance or experience of the candidates in the Nazi dictatorship during the selection process: were there victims of the Nazis among the honorees whose repressive experiences and personal fates were intended to be acknowledged in this way? Of equal interest is the counter-question: were pathologists honored who had made (party) political commitments to National Socialism during the Third Reich?A total of nine Virchow medallists and three honorary members met the inclusion criteria. None of those affected belonged to the group of pathologists who suffered injustice during the Third Reich or who could be described as victims of the Nazis. On the other hand, four of the nine German Virchow medal winners and one of the three honorary members had joined the National Socialist Party and to some extent other Nazi organisations. Obviously, previous closeness to National Socialism was not a decisive factor in the selection of honorary members and Virchow medallists and, in particular, was not an exclusion criterion.The aforementioned results correspond to the findings of a parallel study, in which the political past of the German DGP chairmen appointed up to 1986 was examined. This showed that two thirds of them had joined the National Socialist Party during the Third Reich.","PeriodicalId":54641,"journal":{"name":"Pathologe","volume":" ","pages":"30-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00292-020-00766-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38518489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

[BRAF-V600E testing in metastatic colorectal cancer and new, chemotherapy-free therapy options. German version]. BRAF-V600E检测在转移性结直肠癌和新的无化疗治疗方案中的应用。德国版)。

4区医学

Pathologe Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-021-00942-9

Michael Hummel, Susanna Hegewisch-Becker, Jens Neumann, Arndt Vogel

{"title":"[BRAF-V600E testing in metastatic colorectal cancer and new, chemotherapy-free therapy options. German version].","authors":"Michael Hummel, Susanna Hegewisch-Becker, Jens Neumann, Arndt Vogel","doi":"10.1007/s00292-021-00942-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-021-00942-9","url":null,"abstract":"In the past 25 years, treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has undergone profound changes. The approval of newer chemotherapeutics such as irinotecan and oxaliplatin was followed in 2005 by the first targeted therapies, for example, monoclonal antibodies directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), as cetuximab and panitumumab, or the angiogenesis inhibitors bevacizumab, ramucirumab, and aflibercept. With the rapidly progressing molecular characterization of mCRC in the last 10 years and the classification of the disease in four consensus subtypes, further changes are emerging, which will promote, among other things, the introduction of protein-kinase inhibitors developed for specific molecular aberrations as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors into the treatment algorithm.Thorough molecular pathologic testing is indispensable today for guideline-compliant treatment of mCRC patients. In addition to RAS testing as a precondition for the therapy decision with regard to cetuximab and panitumumab, BRAF testing is of considerable relevance to allow decision making with regard to the newly approved chemotherapy-free combination of the BRAF inhibitor encorafenib and cetuximab in cases where a BRAF-V600E mutation is detected. Additional diagnostic tests should also include genome instability (microsatellite instability). Overall, more and more molecular alterations need to be investigated simultaneously, so that the use of focused next-generation sequencing is increasingly recommended.This overview describes the prognostic relevance of BRAF testing in the context of molecular pathologic diagnostics of mCRC, presents new treatment options for BRAF-mutated mCRC patients, and explains which modern DNA analytical and immunohistochemical methods are available to detect BRAF mutations in mCRC patients.","PeriodicalId":54641,"journal":{"name":"Pathologe","volume":"42 6","pages":"578-590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00292-021-00942-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10317592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Detection methods for SARS-CoV-2 in tissue. 组织中SARS-CoV-2检测方法。

4区医学

Pathologe Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-021-00920-1

Saskia von Stillfried, Peter Boor

{"title":"Detection methods for SARS-CoV-2 in tissue.","authors":"Saskia von Stillfried, Peter Boor","doi":"10.1007/s00292-021-00920-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-021-00920-1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Analyses for the presence of SARS-CoV‑2 in the tissues of COVID-19 patients is important in order to improve our understanding of the disease pathophysiology for interpretation of diagnostic histopathological findings in autopsies, biopsies, or surgical specimens and to assess the potential for occupational infectious hazard.Material and methods: In this review we identified 136 published studies in PubMed's curated literature database LitCovid on SARS-CoV‑2 detection methods in tissues and evaluated them regarding sources of error, specificity, and sensitivity of the methods, taking into account our own experience.Results: Currently, no sufficiently specific histomorphological alterations or diagnostic features for COVID-19 are known. Therefore, three approaches for SARS-CoV‑2 detection are used: RNA, proteins/antigens, or morphological detection by electron microscopy. In the preanalytical phase, the dominant source of error is tissue quality, especially the different intervals between sample collection and processing or fixation (and its duration) and specifically the interval between death and sample collection in autopsies. However, this information is found in less than half of the studies (e.g., in only 42% of autopsy studies). Our own experience and first studies prove the significantly higher sensitivity and specificity of RNA-based detection methods compared to antigen or protein detection by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. Detection by electron microscopy is time consuming and difficult to interpret.Conclusions: Different methods are available for the detection of SARS-CoV‑2 in tissue. Currently, RNA detection by RT-PCR is the method of choice. However, extensive validation studies and method harmonization are not available and are absolutely necessary.","PeriodicalId":54641,"journal":{"name":"Pathologe","volume":"42 Suppl 1","pages":"81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00292-021-00920-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10611455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11