Pediatric Neurosurgery最新文献

{"title":"A Review of Current Research and Barriers to Access: Exploring Disparities in Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery.","authors":"Nikita Das, Ali A Mohamed, Akshat Katyayan, Meena Vessell","doi":"10.1159/000549985","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) impacts at least 30% of pediatric epilepsy patients, adversely affecting neurodevelopment and quality of life, as well as risk of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). While surgical intervention has proven to be an effective treatment for DRE, disparities in access to surgical care persist. Compared to adults, pediatric patients face unique challenges, including delayed recognition of surgical candidacy, limited access to specialized epilepsy centers, complex care coordination, and socioeconomic barriers.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review explores the current state of pediatric epilepsy surgery, highlighting its effectiveness in achieving seizure freedom, improving neurocognitive outcomes, and reducing long-term healthcare costs. It further examines factors contributing to delays in surgical referrals, including physician and parental hesitancy, lack of access to specialized centers, and disparities in hospital resources.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Surgery is an effective treatment for pediatric DRE with a favorable risk profile, potential for seizure freedom, improved neurodevelopmental outcomes, and potential reduction in SUDEP risk. Yet, surgery remains underutilized due to disparities driven by socioeconomic status, insurance, race, geography, and systemic barriers such as limited provider awareness, inconsistent referrals, and uneven distribution of National Association of Epilepsy Centers Level 4 hospitals. Future efforts should focus on research to further define disparities and evaluate evidence for systems-based solutions, increasing accessibility of specialized centers, enhancing referring provider education, dissemination and regular revisitation of pediatric-specific epilepsy surgical guidelines for referral, and implementing policy reforms to improve insurance coverage and care coordination for this pediatric patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":54631,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145710594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic Emission Foreshocks and Aftershocks from Skull Fracture Caused by Surgical Clamping.","authors":"Andrew P Bunger, Olivia G Hartz, Michael M McDowell","doi":"10.1159/000549987","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The clamping force for surgical head immobilization must be sufficiently large enough to prevent slippage but not to induce fracturing. Motivated by an unmet need to detect skull fractures during surgery to trigger remedial action, we sought to demonstrate a method of viable measurement and interpretation of acoustic emissions (AEs) generated by a fracturing skull prior, during, and after a fracture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Escalating clamping force via skull pins affixed to an Integra Life Sciences Mayfield® skull clamp was applied to a formalin-fixed cadaveric head. Variable and pathologic skull thickness was simulated by drilling the skull to reduce thickness at pin locations on the frontal or temporal bone. AE was monitored via an in-house developed device.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This method produced a mixture of \"punch-out type\" skull fractures with some occurrences of larger area \"cave-in\" type fractures. The recorded AE waveforms, amplitudes, and temporal patterns showed the skull can fail not only immediately upon application of clamping but also in delayed manners seconds or minutes after force application. A stereotypical, escalating rate of event occurrence and amplitude was detectable prior to delayed fractures (foreshocks) up to a peak event correlating with macroscopic fracture. A stereotypical hyperbolic decay of event rates was detectable immediately post-fracture (aftershocks). Other acoustic sources like drilling were distinguishable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Skull fractures produce stereotypical AE, possibly identifiable intra-operatively. Detecting patterns indicative of impending or recent fracture may allow for immediate intervention, avoiding severe complications. This represents the first reported evidence of detectable foreshock and aftershock AE sequences from bone fracture and points to striking parallels with seismicity generated by earthquakes, thus enabling tools from geophysics to be applied to detect imminent and recent bone failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":54631,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Neuron Recordings Research in Children: Ethical Considerations, Feasibility, Technical Aspects, and Scientific Opportunities.","authors":"David Bonda, Clayton P Mosher, Naga Sai Anagha Devulapalli, Ishan Kanungo, Edwina Tran, Stuart G Finder, Ueli Rutishauser, Adam Mamelak","doi":"10.1159/000549937","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human intracranial recordings and single-neuron recordings in particular have provided much knowledge on the mechanisms of human cognition and its impairment by disease. Improvements in recording technology, experimental design, and computational analysis methods have permitted an increasingly sophisticated understanding of uniquely human brain processes, including those underlying executive function, memory, and language. Despite the routine clinical use of intracranial recordings for invasive epilepsy monitoring in the pediatric population, there remains a significant gap between the associated research conducted in adult and pediatric neuroscientific investigation.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Single-neuron recordings in pediatric epilepsy patients are ethical, technically feasible, and safe. These data can provide mechanistic insights into the neurophysiology of the developing human brain.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Routine use of invasive electrophysiological monitoring via stereoelectroencephalography studies in pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy offers opportunities to extend the utility of single-neuron recordings to the pediatric population and advance our knowledge of the neuronal basis of behaviors in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":54631,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12709666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145688689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Hospitality in Neurosurgery.","authors":"Yosef M Dastagirzada, Howard L Weiner","doi":"10.1159/000549683","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>\"Business, like life, is all about how you make people feel. It's that simple and it's that hard\" says Danny Meyer, the restauranteur and CEO of the Union Square Hospitality Group in New York. Similarly, Maya Angelou famously said that people will never forget how you made them feel, though they may forget what you said or did. In neurosurgery, we are doing two things at once: something very technical and something very human. The core thesis of this hospitality philosophy is that whereas the technical aspect of our job is critically important, it represents 49% of our success. The human aspect of our work represents 51%, ever so slightly more important.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>We will explore how hospitality has impacted the practice of and a career in neurosurgery over a 35-year period, based on the principles outlined by Danny Meyer in his 2006 book Setting the Table. We will define the difference between service, the technical delivery of a product (e.g., a surgical procedure), and hospitality, how the delivery of that service makes someone feel; if someone feels you are on their side, hospitality is present. We will also define the 51% rule for hiring: one is invited onto our team based 49% on technical skill and 51% on these hospitality-related human qualities (optimistic warmth, intelligence, work ethic, empathy, self-awareness, and integrity).</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Hospitality has played a transformative role in a neurosurgery career: in developing a destination academic practice, managing complications, overcoming challenges, and in building an outstanding team. In our opinion, hospitality plays a significant role in pediatric neurosurgery, driving growth in activity and excellence. As Danny says \"it takes both great service and great hospitality to rise to the top.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":54631,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical Neurosurgical Aspects of Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Including Resections and Disconnections.","authors":"David Botros, Nebras M Warsi, Robert J Bollo","doi":"10.1159/000549430","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epilepsy remains one of the most common neurological disorders in children, with approximately one-third of patients developing drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) that may require surgical intervention. This review outlines the technical neurosurgical aspects of pediatric epilepsy surgery, focusing on resective and disconnection procedures.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Successful epilepsy surgery relies on accurate identification of the hypothesized epileptogenic zone through comprehensive presurgical evaluation including clinical assessment, seizure semiology analysis, magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography (EEG), and neuropsychological testing. In complex cases, additional imaging modalities such as FDG-PET, SPECT, and MEG help establish the anatomo-electric-clinical network. Invasive monitoring using subdural grids or stereotactic EEG provides critical data for surgical planning in cases with discordant findings, potential involvement of eloquent tissue, or non-lesional epilepsy. Resective surgery is the primary intervention for focal, lesional epilepsy, with seizure freedom rates varying by location and etiology (70-80% for temporal lobe and tumor-associated epilepsy; 60% for extra-temporal lobe; 51% for non-lesional cases). Anterior temporal lobectomy, a cornerstone procedure, involves careful consideration of hemisphere dominance and selective approaches to mesial structures. Extent of resection is a critical determinant of outcome, with incomplete removal of epileptogenic tissue consistently identified as the leading cause of surgical failure. Disconnection procedures include anterior and posterior quadrant disconnections, hemispherectomy, and corpus callosotomy. Anterior quadrant disconnection isolates seizure foci within the frontal lobe, whereas posterior quadrant disconnection targets the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Functional hemispherotomy has largely replaced anatomic hemispherectomy because it has a lower complication profile but maintains equivalent seizure freedom rates. Corpus callosotomy primarily targets generalized seizures, especially atonic seizures leading to drop attacks.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Recent advances include minimally invasive techniques (such as laser ablation) and neuromodulation approaches (such as responsive neurostimulation and deep brain stimulation). Future directions will likely incorporate higher resolution imaging technologies and artificial intelligence driven signal processing to optimize outcomes and offer personalized treatment strategies that improve seizure control and quality of life for children with DRE.</p>","PeriodicalId":54631,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12774422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145514540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Palliative Nature of Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery and Our Procedures.","authors":"Hunter S Futch, Henry M Skelton, Nealen G Laxpati","doi":"10.1159/000549249","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Destructive surgical treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy may lead to complete seizure relief. In cases where a surgical cure is unavailable, epilepsy surgery can still alleviate seizure burden by decreasing reliance on medication, decreasing the severity or frequency of seizures, or decreasing the frequency of status epilepticus.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>In this article, we discuss the role of palliative epilepsy surgical techniques in pediatric patients, relevant syndromes characterized by refractory epilepsy, and pertinent procedures and considerations. We review both destructive and neuromodulatory therapies, the current evidence supporting their use, and discuss future indications and expansion of techniques.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>Our expanding epilepsy surgery armamentarium has the potential to provide significant palliative therapy for our pediatric patients and significantly improve their quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":54631,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145454051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of Interictal Data in Guiding Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery.","authors":"Emma K Hartman, Ethan W Ocasio, Carolina Lopes, Marcella Ruppert-Gomez, Eun-Hyoung Park, Scellig S Stone, Joseph R Madsen","doi":"10.1159/000549099","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, successful localization of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) is critical to surgical planning and outcome prognostication. SOZ localization requires the identification of seizures captured through intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), necessitating prolonged hospital stays for invasive monitoring and two-stage surgical procedures at minimum. Localization of SOZ in automated fashion using only interictal data would enable a substantial reduction in the time required for pre-resection iEEG recording. Using iEEG to model brain functional connectivity (FC) is an approach that has shown significant potential.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>We conduct a literature review on directed FC methods and their use in preoperative SOZ localization. Granger Causality, an approach originally used to analyze economic time series, has evolved into multiple similar methodologies for directed FC graph creation. Several modalities show strong correlations between electrodes with specific FC patterns and SOZs, but there is no current tool that can reliably predict SOZs from interictal iEEG data.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Multiple studies show a pattern of increased inward FC in electrodes located in the SOZ during interictal periods, with reversed information flow during seizures, suggesting the increased inward flow toward the SOZ may represent inhibitory pathways, which, when absent, lead to a more epileptogenic state. Further analysis of the changes in directed FC across longer periods may help elucidate how to select optimal segments for localization.</p>","PeriodicalId":54631,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145349969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemispherotomy for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in a Low-Resource Setting: Surgical Outcomes and Quality of Life in 23 Children Treated in a Hybrid Program in Panama.","authors":"Emmajane G Rhodenhiser, David Bonda, Carmen Baez, Hannah K Weiss, Yosef Dastagirzada, Guzman Aranda, Laurent Bruggeman, Ameeta Grover, Shaun D Rodgers, Ruben Kuzniecky, Yvonne Zelenka-Kuzniecky, Howard L Weiner, Eveline Teresa Hidalgo","doi":"10.1159/000548718","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hemispherotomy is an effective treatment for children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). While hemispherotomy techniques and indications have evolved, access remains predominantly constrained to high-resource settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective analysis of children who underwent hemispherotomy from 2011 to 2023 by a hybrid team, including local Panamanian and US neurologists, neurosurgeons, and EEG technicians and analyzed surgical, epilepsy, and quality of life (QoL) parameters. Follow-up data were collected according to the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) guidelines for children with epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-three children underwent hemispherotomy. The median age at surgery was 10 years (range 2-20). The median follow-up time was 6 years (range 1-13). The etiology of DRE included malformations of cortical development in 14 children (60.8%), including 8 (34.8%) with schizencephaly, and secondary causes in 9 children (39.1%). Seizure frequency improved for all 23 children (100%): Engel I was achieved in 15 children (65.2%), Engel II (26.1%) in six children, and Engel III (8.7%) in two children. Patients with seizure freedom had significantly fewer preoperative seizures per day than patients with seizure recurrence. Complications occurred in six children (26.1%): 2 wound infections, 2 meningitis, 1 femoral vein thrombosis, and 1 wound hematoma with return to OR. There were no perioperative mortality and no postoperative hydrocephalus or CSF diversion. QoL-related outcomes were available for 16 children: 16/16 (100%) reported that the surgery was a worthwhile and repeatable choice, 14 (87.5%) reported improved cognitive function, the median QOLCE-16 score was 62.5 ± 21.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hemispherotomy for DRE in selected children is a safe and effective surgery in a public children's hospital in a low-resource setting. At last follow-up, the majority of children were seizure-free, and all children had decreased seizure frequency. Families reported improved cognitive function, improved QoL and high satisfaction with their decision to pursue this surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":54631,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery: The Noninvasive Presurgical Evaluation.","authors":"Deepankar Mohanty, Michael Quach","doi":"10.1159/000548477","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drug-resistant epilepsy is a debilitating condition that afflicts individuals across all demographics, including children. The only recourse for many of these individuals is neurosurgery to reduce seizure burden, by either resecting or ablating the cerebral source or modulating it with a stimulator device. In either case, a thorough presurgical evaluation is required to identify brain regions of interest and construct an appropriate surgical plan. The scope of this evaluation has grown rapidly over the years as new and refined techniques have emerged. The aim of this article was to condense the most salient points regarding investigational tools used commonly in this process and provide a framework from which epilepsy management providers can tailor their own epilepsy surgery pathway.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This article will discuss criteria to identify appropriate candidates for epilepsy surgery, as well as various techniques that are used to localize seizure onset, interictally active areas, dysfunctional regions, and eloquent cortex. Topics reviewed include neuroimaging (MRI, PET, SPECT), electrophysiology (EEG and MEG), and functional mapping procedures (fMRI, TMS, neuropsychologic evaluation, intracarotid amobarbital test).</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>A comprehensive, multimodal presurgical evaluation including imaging, electrophysiology, and functional mapping is essential to establish the bounds of the epileptogenic zone in relation to eloquent cortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":54631,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, Content Validity, and Test-Retest Reliability of a Childhood Hydrocephalus Severity Scale.","authors":"Olufemi Emmanuel Idowu, Jeuel Ogooluwa Idowu","doi":"10.1159/000544165","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to develop and validate a reliable, multidomain scale for assessing childhood hydrocephalus severity and to enhance communication, guide treatment decisions, and improve patient care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A stepwise consensus approach informed by a modified Delphi technique was employed. Healthcare professionals participated in anonymous surveys and face-to-face meetings to define the core domains of the scale. Content validity, internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Delphi process yielded a refined 7-item, 10-point Childhood Hydrocephalus Severity Scale (CHS) focusing on age, Evans index, associated malformations, neurological deficit, intraventricular hemorrhage, and mid-arm circumference. Content validity analysis using the Content Validity Index (CVI) demonstrated strong agreement (mean I-CVI = 0.91) among experts regarding the relevance of CHS items. All individual item CVI scores exceeded 0.8, supporting the inclusion of each factor. The CHS exhibited excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.988). High intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were observed for both single measures (ICC = 0.902, 95% CI: 0.862-0.931) and average measures (ICC = 0.985, 95% CI: 0.978-0.990), indicating near-perfect agreement between raters. Both ICC values were statistically significant (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CHS demonstrates promising potential as a reliable and valid tool for childhood hydrocephalus severity assessment. This scale has the potential to enhance communication, guide treatment decisions, and improve patient care in childhood hydrocephalus.</p>","PeriodicalId":54631,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Neurosurgery","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}