Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors最新文献

{"title":"An effective 3D inversion algorithm of CSEM and its application in geothermal exploration","authors":"Ningbo Bai ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Bo Han ,&nbsp;Junjun Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenlong Zhou ,&nbsp;Guoshu Huang ,&nbsp;Xiangyun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.pepi.2026.107501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pepi.2026.107501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic methods play a critical role in geothermal exploration due to their strong sensitivity to key system components, including heat sources, reservoirs, and caprocks. However, practical three-dimensional controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) inversion for geothermal targets remains computationally challenging because of the extremely high model dimensionality and the prohibitive cost of repeatedly solving large-scale linear systems within Gauss–Newton (GN) frameworks. These limitations restrict the application of high-resolution 3D CSEM inversion to real geothermal field data. To address this unresolved problem, we propose an efficient 3D CSEM Gauss–Newton inversion algorithm based on solution space dimension reduction (SSDR). The core novelty of the proposed approach lies in the integration of SSDR with a direct–iterative hybrid solver (DIHS), which reduces the effective degrees of freedom in the inversion model while preserving the accuracy required for forward and adjoint electromagnetic simulations. This strategy significantly improves computational efficiency without sacrificing inversion fidelity, thereby advancing the feasibility of high-resolution 3D CSEM inversion in complex geothermal settings. The accuracy, stability, and efficiency of the proposed algorithm are systematically validated through numerical experiments on layered and geothermal models. Furthermore, the method is applied to the three-dimensional inversion of field-based CSEM data from the Yingshan geothermal area, Hubei Province, China, demonstrating high reliability and practical effectiveness. By jointly interpreting inversion results from both magnetotelluric (MT) and CSEM datasets, the geothermal genesis pattern of the study area is analyzed and a conceptual geothermal genetic model is established. These results provide important technical support for geothermal resource exploration and development, and illustrate how the proposed method advances the state of the art in 3D electromagnetic inversion for geothermal applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54614,"journal":{"name":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 107501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromagnetic signatures of the tectono-magmatic processes in eastern Ladakh and their implications for geothermal energy potential of the region","authors":"G. Pavankumar,&nbsp;A. Manglik,&nbsp;N.N. Chakravarthi,&nbsp;M. Demudu Babu,&nbsp;Raj Sunil Kandregula","doi":"10.1016/j.pepi.2026.107503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pepi.2026.107503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ladakh region preserves the imprints of the subduction – collision process between the Indian and the Eurasian plates and also has geothermal energy potential. However, geophysical information crucial for understanding the regional tectono-magmatic processes and identification of sustainable potential geothermal reservoirs is still scanty, especially for eastern Ladakh. We have carried out a magnetotelluric study in eastern Ladakh along a transect traversing from the Tso Morari to the Pangong Tso. The crustal geoelectric structure delineated by 2-D and 3-D inversions reveals several significant features. These include: (i) transition of resistive Indian plate crust to moderately resistive crust across the Indus Suture Zone, (ii) base of the Ladakh batholith at 18–20 km depth, (iii) a prominent conductivity anomaly at 15–35 km depth beneath the Shyok Suture Zone, (iv) connectivity of the Puga, Chumathang and Gaik hotsprings to a single conductor at about 5 km depth, and (v) presence of another conductor in 5–15 km depth at Tso Morari. We infer a multi-level system of conductors in which the deepest one at 40 km depth in western Tibet feeds the conductors along the Karakoram fault and beneath the Ladakh batholith, which in turn feed the conductors beneath the Puga-Chumathang and Tso Morari. These results imply a much larger geothermal energy potential for the Ladakh region compared to the prevailing estimates. A change in the geoelectric strike from NW-SE between Tso Morari and Chushul to E-W further north implies dominant influence of E-W tectonics of the western Tibet at the northern sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54614,"journal":{"name":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 107503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the reconstruction of Holocene geomagnetic paleosecular variation in the Antarctic region","authors":"Leonardo Sagnotti ,&nbsp;Chiara Caricchi ,&nbsp;Patrizia Macrì ,&nbsp;Ester Colizza ,&nbsp;Paola Del Carlo ,&nbsp;Alessio Di Roberto ,&nbsp;Aldo Winkler","doi":"10.1016/j.pepi.2025.107487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pepi.2025.107487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present new paleomagnetic data from the ANTA02-AV43 core collected in the Ross Sea (Antarctica), spanning the last 10 ka. Results document a relative paleointensity (RPI) record that closely matches predictions from global geomagnetic models and from previously published records from nearby peri-Antarctic margins, including the Ross Sea and Wilkes Land Basin, covering the same time interval. The stratigraphic trends of directional paleomagnetic data from this study show features that are also consistent with global model predictions and earlier published data, supporting regional reconstructions of geomagnetic paleosecular variation (PSV). Notable differences reflect effects such as sedimentary inclination shallowing and the arbitrary restoration of magnetic declination in marine cores lacking azimuthal orientation.</div><div>We combined the new ANTA02-AV43 dataset with existing Holocene records from two additional sediment cores of comparable resolution to develop the paleomagnetic “HOLOANTA” stack. This composite record averages paleomagnetic data over the last 10,000 years in 200-year intervals. It includes RPI as well as paleomagnetic inclination and declination data, providing a robust regional Holocene RPI curve alongside directional secular variation (PSV) trends. The HOLOANTA stack serves as a novel tool to support high-resolution correlation between sedimentary cores and the development of detailed age models in marine sequences from the peri-Antarctic margins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54614,"journal":{"name":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 107487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the global centroid moment tensor achievements and the next generation earthquake catalogs","authors":"T.-S. Phạm,&nbsp;H. Tkalčić,&nbsp;J. Hu,&nbsp;Z. Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.pepi.2025.107490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pepi.2025.107490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The systematic determination of the source characteristics of global earthquakes and other seismic sources in a robust and consistent manner is a paramount task in seismology. The Global Centroid Moment Tensor (GCMT) project (Ekström et al., 2012), employing an elegant inversion approach and thoughtful data selection, has been a standard bearer for such an autonomous earthquake catalog. This, by no means an all-encompassing review, celebrates the long-lasting impact and legacy it has left on the seismological and broader Earth science community, from tectonics and structural geology to geodesy and hazard assessment. We also identify and discuss three areas that, in our view, are subject to potential improvement in the current GCMT practice. These include (<em>i</em>) enhanced quantification of uncertainty in MT solutions, (<em>ii</em>) utilization of 3D Earth models, and (<em>iii</em>) robust development of dynamic models that extend beyond a point source assumption in time and space. Recent developments in various areas of theoretical and observational seismology, such as advances in Bayesian inversion, 3D waveform modeling, and applied machine learning methods, will enable the integration of these needed elements into the next generation of routine earthquake catalogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54614,"journal":{"name":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 107490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boundary layer interactions in mantle convection: Peaks, limits and effects on convective scaling relations","authors":"Julian Garrido-Tomasini ,&nbsp;Adrian Lenardic ,&nbsp;William Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.pepi.2025.107485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pepi.2025.107485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Convection in the Earth’s mantle is associated with two thermal boundary layers: the Earth’s thermal lithosphere and a layer above the core-mantle boundary, generally considered the source of plumes. Classical convection theory, often applied to thermal-tectonic history modeling, assumes that convective boundary layers do not interact and their dynamics are self-determined. However, present-day observations of plumes reaching the lithosphere and slabs sinking to the core–mantle boundary indicate that boundary layer interactions are a component of mantle dynamics. Whether this was the case over Earth’s history motivates the 3D thermal convection simulations herein. We investigate boundary layer interactions to determine: (1) The level of convective vigor, measured by the Rayleigh number, at which interactions peak; (2) The level at which interactions cease; (3) Whether interactions are responsible for deviations in convective scalings from classical theory predictions. We found that interactions peak near a Rayleigh number of <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. Beyond that, they decrease, but changes in convective planform led to local peaks. Classical scaling theory for heat flux and velocity is not recovered until Rayleigh numbers exceed <span><math><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>9</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, after which the convective planform remains in a chaotic plume regime and interactions continually decrease. We attribute deviations from classic theory to these interactions altering boundary layer structure from what would be observed if their dynamics were self-determined. We demonstrate that the deviations are not solely due to thermal effects, but also mechanical effects. We found that interactions are at a peak near present-day mantle conditions. We discuss implications for geodynamics and mantle evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54614,"journal":{"name":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 107485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-negligible oxygen in the inner core: Investigating the partitioning between liquid and HCP iron","authors":"Qianxi Chen ,&nbsp;Hua Yang ,&nbsp;Feiwu Zhang ,&nbsp;Joshua M.R. Muir","doi":"10.1016/j.pepi.2025.107477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pepi.2025.107477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxygen is a light element that is likely present in the Earth's outer core, yet its solubility in the inner core has conventionally been regarded as negligible, based on previously measured or calculated low partition coefficients from liquid to solid iron. By employing ab initio molecular dynamics simulations under core conditions, we show that a superionic transition allows oxygen to incorporate into solid HCP‑iron at concentrations of 0.3–0.37 wt%, exceeding the &lt; 0.1 wt% limit of substitutional models. Moreover, the softening effect of superionic oxygen on HCP-iron is more pronounced than that induced by substitutional oxygen. These results challenge the traditional paradigm of oxygen exclusion in the inner core and emphasize the importance of incorporating superionic transport into future models of core composition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54614,"journal":{"name":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 107477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithospheric deformation across Dhubri-Chungthang Fault Zone: New insights into Himalayan segmentation","authors":"Aamir Salam Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Arun Singh ,&nbsp;Chandrani Singh ,&nbsp;Debasis D. Mohanty ,&nbsp;Gaurav Kumar ,&nbsp;Niptika Jana","doi":"10.1016/j.pepi.2025.107486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pepi.2025.107486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We trace signatures of lithospheric deformation beneath Sikkim Himalaya using newly acquired data of core-mantle refracted shear wave phases (SKS/SKKS) from 27 broadband seismic stations covering the region. Here, the underthrusting India plate is possibly segmented by the Dhubri-Chungthang Fault Zone (DCFZ), a major fault zone passing through Sikkim. While the presence of the DCFZ is more or less substantiated by seismicity, its structural imprints in the deep lithosphere remain elusive. Shear wave splitting (SWS) parameters (fast polarization direction <span><math><mi>ϕ</mi></math></span> and delay time <span><math><mrow><mi>δ</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></math></span>) from SKS/SKKS phases analyse the extent and pattern of deformation beneath Sikkim Himalaya. Robust individual and mean SWS measurements show a particular trend of variational deformation patterns throughout Sikkim, with a significant transition in <span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span>t (0.3–2.5 s) and <span><math><mi>ϕ</mi></math></span> across the DCFZ. The variation in deformation pattern across the DCFZ, represent the influence of the DCFZ on the deep lithospheric scale segmentation of the Indian plate. The dominant E-W (<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>100°) pattern in <span><math><mi>ϕ</mi></math></span> with smaller <span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span>t values (<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>0.3 s) in southern Sikkim within the Main Central Thrust region represents the dominance of compressional tectonics with a possible multi-layer anisotropy scenario. While the spatially dispersed seismic stations in the Himalayan foreland are dominated by deformation pattern parallel to the Absolute Plate Motion of the Indian plate, <span><math><mi>ϕ</mi></math></span> patterns are governed by the shear caused by the basal drag at the base of the Indian lithosphere. While a NE pattern of <span><math><mi>ϕ</mi></math></span> is dominant here, some deviations may be due to different driving forces related to the Indian plate position.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54614,"journal":{"name":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 107486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain size evolution in mantle convection models promotes continuous rather than episodic tectonics","authors":"Antonio Manjón-Cabeza Córdoba ,&nbsp;Tobias Rolf ,&nbsp;Maëlis Arnould","doi":"10.1016/j.pepi.2025.107488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pepi.2025.107488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A long-persistent caveat of geodynamic models with Earth-like tectonic behavior is the need of an <em>ad hoc</em> yield stress lower than any laboratory-inferred rock strength. The actual physical processes that govern the strength of the lithosphere are still debated. Grain size reduction due to dynamic recrystallization promotes local weak zones in the lithosphere thereby facilitating lithospheric breakdown and continuous mobile-lid tectonics. Grain growth should instead (re-)strengthen the lithosphere and inhibit this regime. By modeling mantle convection in a spherical annulus, we analyze the impact of grain size evolution (GSE) on the global tectonic style. GSE, together with composite rheology, modifies the diagnostics within one tectonic regime. Indeed, considering grain growth enables high viscosity in the lower mantle, with broad stable plumes. Grain reduction, on the other hand, increases the number of subduction zones, also making them shorter-lived. We find that grain size reduction suppresses episodic behavior and facilitates surface mobility over a range of lithospheric yield stresses, but GSE has no discernible effect on the transition to stagnant-lid tectonics. Moreover, increased grain growth does not result in higher episodicity either. These findings support the relevance of grain size evolution for stabilizing mobile-lid tectonics vs episodic tectonics, and may explain lower mantle features and reconcile geophysical observations; but they also cast doubt on the potential of damage to explain mobile-lid tectonics up to laboratory-inferred strengths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54614,"journal":{"name":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 107488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of rheological parameters on the stability of thermochemical piles: A comparison of different origins","authors":"Henry W. Sitte,&nbsp;Claudia Stein,&nbsp;Carolin Weber,&nbsp;Ulrich Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.pepi.2025.107476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pepi.2025.107476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large low shear velocity provinces have been observed beneath Africa and the Pacific. These large-scale structures are considered to have been stable the last hundred million years with their origin and nature still being an open question.</div><div>In our 2D Cartesian study, we numerically investigate the temporal and spatial stability of thermochemical piles. We consider two different scenarios, in which the piles either arise from a primordial layer above the core-mantle boundary (CMB) or from an influx of iron-rich material through the CMB. The investigated mantle flow depends on viscosity varying with composition, depth, and stress. The rheological parameters affect the strength of convection and consequently the stability of piles. An increased top or bottom viscosity reduces the convective vigor yielding longer-lived and more stable piles. Likewise, a thermal expansivity decreasing with depth exhibits longer pile lifetimes and less pile movement. Furthermore, piles and plumes are two closely linked structures. While thermochemical plumes are anchored by piles, thermal plumes attract piles and deform them. Long-lived plumes tend to be located in the center of piles, but during dynamical processes, such as merging of piles, plumes also occur at the edges remaining there for several million years.</div><div>In summary, we suggest that the LLSVPs might have formed early after the magma ocean, probably as several initially thin structures due to strong convection in the hot Archean mantle. With the cooling of the mantle, the structures would have broadened and stabilized in space and time, yielding the present-day state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54614,"journal":{"name":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 107476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the density of different regions of Peninsular India and analyzing the deep crustal structure beneath the Saurashtra peninsula using the fractal method","authors":"Swarnapriya Chowdari,&nbsp;Bijendra Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.pepi.2025.107489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pepi.2025.107489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In regional geodynamic studies, Bouguer anomalies are invaribly computed using a slab density of 2.67 g/cm³. However, fractal approach can be used to estimate the factual density of the Bouguer slab. In this study, we deployed fractal method to calculate the Bouguer slab density for several tectonic regions in Peninsular India such as Saurashtra, Kutch, Narmada-Tapti tectonic zone (NTTZ) of Central India, South Rewa basin and Son-Mahanadi basin and their estimated densities are 2.73 g/cm³, 2.57 g/cm³, 2.58 g/cm³, 2.55 g/cm³, and 2.60 g/cm³, which are different from the standard density of 2.67 g/cm³ typically used for average crustal density. The Saurashtra peninsula, overlain by Deccan volcanics, shows a higher slab density (2.73 g/cm³), and the Bouguer anomaly map reveals the presence of a broad gravity low superimposed on the regional topography, which suggests isostatic compensation of the excess topographic load. Fractal analysis of free-air anomalies (FA) and topography data shows that FA is mainly influenced by topography at shorter wavelengths and by isostasy at longer wavelengths. Gravity modeling of isostatic regional anomalies incorporating constraints from seismic studies revealed the presence of thickened underplated high-density mafic crust beneath the Saurashtra peninsula. Thus, the innovative aspect lies in the use of fractal analysis to understand the relationship between isostasy and topography.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54614,"journal":{"name":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 107489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}