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Behaviour of tritium released into the working rooms of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor 释放到国际热核实验反应堆工作室内的氚的行为
Plasma Devices and Operations Pub Date : 2006-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/10519990600776996
M. N. Chubarov, M. Krivosheev
{"title":"Behaviour of tritium released into the working rooms of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor","authors":"M. N. Chubarov, M. Krivosheev","doi":"10.1080/10519990600776996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600776996","url":null,"abstract":"The behaviour of tritium released into the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) working rooms in the form of HTO or T2 as a result of some postulated reference accidents is analysed. The dynamics of air and of surface detritiation are studied for different rooms with specific wall coatings at a design ventilation throughput. Adsorption in the walls and on the surface of equipment is shown to be an important factor that may determine the level of air contamination and the time needed to detritiate the contaminated rooms. The role of different factors in the detritiation process is discussed. Measures are proposed that can be adopted at the design stage to mitigate the consequences of tritium release into the working rooms of the ITER and to reduce the time needed to decontaminate room air to a permissible level.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"75 1 1","pages":"201 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87824972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Application of a vacuum photodiode detector for X-ray recording on the T-10 tokamak 真空光电二极管探测器在T-10托卡马克上x射线记录的应用
Plasma Devices and Operations Pub Date : 2006-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/10519990600863398
Y. Gott, M. Stepanenko
{"title":"Application of a vacuum photodiode detector for X-ray recording on the T-10 tokamak","authors":"Y. Gott, M. Stepanenko","doi":"10.1080/10519990600863398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600863398","url":null,"abstract":"The results of vacuum photodiode detector (VPD) testing on the T-10 tokamak proposed for plasma tomography in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor are described. It was shown that the VPD signal depends mainly on the plasma electron density and slightly depends on the plasma electron temperature; therefore it can be used for investigations into plasma density perturbation.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"31 1","pages":"243 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78309009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Ozone decomposition on walls 墙壁上的臭氧分解
Plasma Devices and Operations Pub Date : 2006-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/10519990600798404
K. Yanallah, S. Hadj Ziane, A. Belasri
{"title":"Ozone decomposition on walls","authors":"K. Yanallah, S. Hadj Ziane, A. Belasri","doi":"10.1080/10519990600798404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600798404","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we have estimated the coefficient of ozone decomposition on metallic electrodes (steel, stainless steel and aluminium) in a negative dc corona discharge between a wire and a cylinder in pure oxygen. Using the obtained value of this coefficient and a reduced one-dimensional fluid model, which is described by the continuity and moment transfer equations in the drift diffusion approximation and coupled with the Poisson equation, we have computed the charged and neutral species generated in this discharge.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"134 1","pages":"215 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82256276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
High-current large-area uniform electron beam generation by a grid-controlled hollow anode with multiple-ferroelectric-plasma-source ignition 网格控制空心阳极多铁电等离子体源点火产生大电流大面积均匀电子束
Plasma Devices and Operations Pub Date : 2006-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/10519990600777077
J. Gleizer, D. Yarmolich, Vladislav Vekselman, J. Felsteiner, Y. Krasik
{"title":"High-current large-area uniform electron beam generation by a grid-controlled hollow anode with multiple-ferroelectric-plasma-source ignition","authors":"J. Gleizer, D. Yarmolich, Vladislav Vekselman, J. Felsteiner, Y. Krasik","doi":"10.1080/10519990600777077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600777077","url":null,"abstract":"We report results on the generation of a large-cross-section (about 170 cm2) high-current (about 1000 A) uniform electron beam by a hollow anode (HA) plasma source at a pressure of approximately 8 × 10−5 Torr, in a diode with an accelerating pulse of 300 kV and approximately 300 ns duration. The HA discharge was sustained for about 10 μs by seven Ba–Ti-based ferroelectric plasma sources. The resistive decoupling of each plasma source produces a uniform plasma density distribution at the HA output grid at a discharge current of not more than 1000 A. It was found that the HA plasma is characterized by a density of about 1012 cm−3, an electron temperature of approximately 8 eV and a group of fast electrons with an energy of about 50 eV. It was shown that an increase in the HA output grid potential allows the plasma prefilling of the accelerating gap to be reduced significantly.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"83 1","pages":"223 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76078257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Experiments confirming applicability of the ‘leak before break’ concept for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor 证实国际热核实验反应堆“先泄漏后破裂”概念的适用性的实验
Plasma Devices and Operations Pub Date : 2006-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/10519990600777028
D. Kovalev, E. Nefediev, A. Sudakov, M. Krivosheev, L. Topilski
{"title":"Experiments confirming applicability of the ‘leak before break’ concept for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor","authors":"D. Kovalev, E. Nefediev, A. Sudakov, M. Krivosheev, L. Topilski","doi":"10.1080/10519990600777028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600777028","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of experiments carried out to study the fatigue development of surface flaws in welds in ductile steel pipes of diameters 76.3 and 101.6 mm and the possibility of detecting leaks through through-wall cracks in such pipes. It is shown that the experimentally determined character of the postulated surface flaw growth, its growth rate and the intensity of leaks do not contradict the data on calculations performed to justify the applicability of the ‘leak before break’ (LBB) concept for pipelines of the cooling system of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). It is also shown that the sensitivity of leak detection by the acoustic emission method meets the requirements of the Siemens calculation procedure. It is concluded that it is possible to apply the LBB concept to pipelines of the ITER’s heat transport system including pipes of diameter more than 75 mm.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"79 1","pages":"185 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78043445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of high-frequency gyrotrons using high harmonics and a high magnetic field 利用高次谐波和高磁场的高频回旋管的研制
Plasma Devices and Operations Pub Date : 2006-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/10519990600842020
T. Idehara, I. Ogawa, S. Mitsudo, O. Watanabe, M. Kamada, L. Agusu, S. Watanabe, J. Kimura, N. Sato
{"title":"Development of high-frequency gyrotrons using high harmonics and a high magnetic field","authors":"T. Idehara, I. Ogawa, S. Mitsudo, O. Watanabe, M. Kamada, L. Agusu, S. Watanabe, J. Kimura, N. Sato","doi":"10.1080/10519990600842020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600842020","url":null,"abstract":"Our gyrotrons developed at the Research Centre for the Development of the Far Infrared Region, Fukui University (FU), are high-frequency medium-power gyrotrons used as millimetre- to submillimetre-wave radiation sources for application to new far-infrared technologies. We have already developed a gyrotron FU series which consists of eight gyrotrons. The gyrotron series has achieved frequency tuneability in a wide range (from 38 to 889 GHz). The highest frequency corresponds to a wavelength of 337 μm. This is a current record for high-frequency operation of gyrotrons. Recently, we have developed a high-harmonic gyrotron with an axis-encircling electron beam and a terahertz gyrotron with a pulse magnet. In this paper the present status of the gyrotron FU series is described.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"77 1","pages":"237 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73904560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Temperature and spectroscopic characteristics of homogeneous co-deposited carbon–deuterium films produced in the T-10 tokamak T-10托卡马克共沉积碳-氘均匀膜的温度和光谱特性
Plasma Devices and Operations Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/10519990600648245
N. Y. Svechnikov, V. Stankevich, A. M. Lebedev, K. A. Menshikov, B. Kolbasov, M. Guseva, L. Khimchenko, D. Rajarathnam, Yu. Yu. Kostetsky
{"title":"Temperature and spectroscopic characteristics of homogeneous co-deposited carbon–deuterium films produced in the T-10 tokamak","authors":"N. Y. Svechnikov, V. Stankevich, A. M. Lebedev, K. A. Menshikov, B. Kolbasov, M. Guseva, L. Khimchenko, D. Rajarathnam, Yu. Yu. Kostetsky","doi":"10.1080/10519990600648245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600648245","url":null,"abstract":"Homogeneous carbon–deuterium (C‒ D) films with a high [D]/[C] ratio, redeposited on deuterium-plasma discharge in the T-10 tokamak, have been studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis, spectroscopy based on electron paramagnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Deuterium was found to be accumulated only in the C‒ D2, 3 sp3 vibrational modes, including 633 and 1090 cm−1 deformation modes, and 2100–2200 cm−1 stretching modes, the intensity of which slightly diminished on annealing at 450 °C. Photoluminescence of an excitonic nature was found at 390–530 nm related to the C 2p π−π* transitions within the aromatic rings, and luminescence quenched at 450 °C. The luminescence excitation spectra at 3–10 eV showed similarity in peak positions to the luminescence excitation spectra of thin C60 films. Possible physical reasons explaining the effect of H‒ D‒ T isotopes on the accumulation and desorption of hydrogen are considered.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"21 1","pages":"137 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88418294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Testing of molybdenum film mirrors under bombardment by deuterium plasma ions 氘等离子体离子轰击下钼膜反射镜的试验
Plasma Devices and Operations Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/10519990600673821
A. F. Bardamid, K. Vukolov, V. Konovalov, D. I. Naidenkova, A. Rogov, I. Ryzhkov, A. N. Shapoval, A. F. Shtan, S. I. Solodovchenko, V. Voitsenya, K. Yakimov
{"title":"Testing of molybdenum film mirrors under bombardment by deuterium plasma ions","authors":"A. F. Bardamid, K. Vukolov, V. Konovalov, D. I. Naidenkova, A. Rogov, I. Ryzhkov, A. N. Shapoval, A. F. Shtan, S. I. Solodovchenko, V. Voitsenya, K. Yakimov","doi":"10.1080/10519990600673821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990600673821","url":null,"abstract":"Results are presented on the behaviour of molybdenum coatings on substrates from TZM alloy and single-crystal molybdenum when bombarded by deuterium plasma ions with a wide energy distribution. Blisters were found to appear in the near-surface layer of the substrate in the case of TZM alloy and on the film–substrate interface in the case of single-crystal molybdenum. By improving the vacuum conditions during film deposition, we managed to suppress the blistering process and to produce films which are able to retain their optical properties for the whole time of operation of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, provided that the flux of charge exchange atoms to their surface is weakened by not less than an order of magnitude in comparison with the flux to the first wall.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"11 1","pages":"159 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75604218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Measurement of the plasma electron density and temperature from Stark-broadened Hβ and Hγ emission profiles 利用stark -展宽的Hβ和Hγ发射谱线测量等离子体电子密度和温度
Plasma Devices and Operations Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/10519990500520486
A. Qayyum, R. Ahmad, S. A. Ghauri, A. Waheed, M. Zakaullah
{"title":"Measurement of the plasma electron density and temperature from Stark-broadened Hβ and Hγ emission profiles","authors":"A. Qayyum, R. Ahmad, S. A. Ghauri, A. Waheed, M. Zakaullah","doi":"10.1080/10519990500520486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990500520486","url":null,"abstract":"Optical emission spectroscopy of the hydrogen Balmer β and Balmer γ emission profiles in an N$_{2}$–H$_{2}$ mixture plasma is carried out to investigate their line shapes and intensities as functions of the discharge parameters such as gas composition (20–80% H2), input electrical power (200–400 W) and filling pressure (3–7 mbar). The Stark widths (full widths at half-maximum) of the Hβ and Hγ emission profiles, after unfolding the contribution originating from other broadening mechanisms, is used to determine the electron density and temperature. This method offers the possibility of determining the plasma electron density and temperature in a rapid and easy way that may be applicable for a large number of industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"17 1","pages":"109 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79192835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Plasma deposition by a coaxial discharge in powder 用同轴放电在粉末中沉积等离子体
Plasma Devices and Operations Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/10519990500494807
H. A. El-Gamal, H. A. El-tayeb, M. A. Hassouba, M. Abdul-Moname
{"title":"Plasma deposition by a coaxial discharge in powder","authors":"H. A. El-Gamal, H. A. El-tayeb, M. A. Hassouba, M. Abdul-Moname","doi":"10.1080/10519990500494807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990500494807","url":null,"abstract":"Different types of material powder have been placed at the breach of a coaxial discharge for impulse plasma deposition. The coaxial discharge is powered with a 46.26 μF, 24 kV capacitor bank. When the discharge takes place at the breach, the powder is evaporated and ionized to form a sheath of its material. The plasma sheath is ejected from the discharge zone with a high velocity to be deposited on a glass substrate. It has been found from scanning electron microscopy analysis that the deposited material is almost homogeneous for ceramic and graphite powders. The grain size is estimated to be of the order of a few microns. To measure the deposited material thickness, a microdensitometer, a laser interferometer and an optical microscope are used. It has also been found that the deposited material thickness depends on the discharge number of shots and the capacitor bank energy.","PeriodicalId":54600,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Devices and Operations","volume":"1 1","pages":"91 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83209311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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