Progress in Aerospace Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Review of the hybrid gas - electric aircraft propulsion systems versus alternative systems","authors":"Agata Kuśmierek ,&nbsp;Cezary Galiński ,&nbsp;Wieńczysław Stalewski","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The continuously increasing interest in alternative aircraft propulsion systems is caused by the requirements and demands set by international institutions and government organizations. For instance, nowadays in the European Union, the objective called the European Green Deal seems most demanding. According to this regulation, the members of the European Union should ensure the net zero emission of greenhouse gases by the year 2050. This is why many efforts are devoted to finding ecological solutions for the aviation sector which almost completely relies on fossil fuels at the moment. One of the solutions, which has already proved beneficial for the automotive industry, is the hybrid gas-electric propulsion. Combining the advantages of the electric motors and batteries with the Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) creates an opportunity to reduce fuel consumption, thereby decreasing the greenhouse gas emission. However, challenges such as the immature batteries technology, complicated power management system or the cooling system for high power propulsion systems, among others, need to be dealt with. These all offer great potential for scientific studies, thus the associated literature is accumulating very quickly. The aim of this paper is to update the status and review the state of the art concerning aircraft with hybrid gas-electric propulsion systems. However, the other alternative propulsion systems are also described to indicate and emphasize drawbacks and benefits coming from the hybrid gas-electric propulsion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 100925"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen-powered aircraft: Fundamental concepts, key technologies, and environmental impacts","authors":"Eytan J. Adler,&nbsp;Joaquim R.R.A. Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Civil aviation provides an essential transportation network that connects the world and supports global economic growth. To maintain these benefits while meeting environmental goals, next-generation aircraft must have drastically reduced climate impacts. Hydrogen-powered aircraft have the potential to fly existing routes with no carbon emissions and reduce or eliminate other emissions. This paper is a comprehensive guide to hydrogen-powered aircraft that explains the fundamental physics and reviews current technologies. We discuss the impact of these technologies on aircraft design, cost, certification, and environment. In the long term, hydrogen aircraft appear to be the most compelling alternative to today’s kerosene-powered aircraft. Using hydrogen also enables novel technologies, such as fuel cells and superconducting electronics, which could lead to aircraft concepts that are not feasible with kerosene. Hydrogen-powered aircraft are technologically feasible but require significant research and development. Lightweight liquid hydrogen tanks and their integration with the airframe is one of the critical technologies. Fuel cells can eliminate in-flight emissions but must become lighter, more powerful, and more durable to make large, fuel cell-powered transport aircraft feasible. Hydrogen turbofans already have these desirable characteristics but produce some emissions, albeit much less damaging than kerosene turbofans. Beyond airframe and propulsion technologies, the viability of hydrogen aircraft hinges on low-cost green hydrogen production, which requires massive investments in the energy infrastructure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 100922"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The carbon dioxide challenge facing U.S. aviation and paths to achieve net zero emissions by 2050","authors":"Luke L. Jensen ,&nbsp;Philippe A. Bonnefoy ,&nbsp;James I. Hileman ,&nbsp;Jay T. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the potential pathways and associated requirements to meet a goal of net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the US commercial aviation sector by 2050 as outlined in the US 2021 Aviation Climate Action Plan. Aviation traffic (RTK) is projected to grow at an average of 2.0% per annum between 2019 and 2050, suggesting that a progressive and ultimately total decoupling of emissions from traffic growth will be required to meet the US aviation sector goal. Aircraft technology advancements, operational efficiency improvements, sustainable aviation fuels, and market-based measures (MBM) are considered as emissions reductions measures towards the goal. A parametric analysis framework is used to develop low, medium, and high emission reduction scenarios for each of these emissions reduction measures. If aircraft technology, operations, and fuels were frozen at 2019 levels, the aviation sector is projected to emit ≈430 million tonnes of CO₂ (MtCO₂) in 2050. Retirements of older aircraft, replaced by current-generation alternatives, may contribute 17% of the total 2050 emissions reduction goal. Further introduction of advanced aircraft technologies may contribute an additional system-level 11% emissions reductions towards the goal. Operational improvements may contribute ≈2% with a range from 1.5 to 4%. The remaining 70% of emissions in 2050 will be addressed through a combination of sustainable fuels and MBM, where appropriate. The level of contribution from fuels will be dependent on continued production ramp-up to meet aviation demand as well as improvements in lifecycle emissions reduction factor (ERF) for current and future fuel feedstock and production pathways, ranging from 0% for current petroleum-based fuels to 100% for sustainable aviation fuels with zero life-cycle emissions. Meeting a net-zero emissions goal by 2050 with SAF would require an increase in SAF production by 57% annually from 2022 to 2030 and 13% per year thereafter, reaching 100% emissions reductions factor by 2050. MBM may fill the gap between residual lifecycle emissions after accounting for all other in-sector improvement opportunities and the goal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 100921"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of hybrid-electric aircraft technologies and designs: Critical analysis and novel solutions","authors":"Karim Abu Salem ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Palaia ,&nbsp;Alessandro A. Quarta","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reducing greenhouse gas emissions has become a priority for civil transport aviation. One of the possible solutions investigated by current aeronautics research is the introduction of electric propulsion, which would drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to flight. This paper addresses this topic in depth; the work is structured in two intertwined parts. The first relates to an extensive review of the state of the art, starting with the analysis of electrical technology enablers for aviation applications, and leading to the investigation of current proposals of aircraft conceptual designs, both for short-medium range and regional class. This review section, which is presented with a critical approach, provides the relevant indications for the definition of the technical framework of the second part of the paper, in which the conceptual development of a novel hybrid-electric aircraft is proposed. Specifically, the outcomes from the analysis of the state of the art suggest that the hybrid-electric aircraft should belong to the regional category, and that energy efficient solutions for the airframe should be considered. Moreover, potentials and limitations of integrating hybrid-electric propulsion are carefully detailed, and reasonably realistic technology levels for the next decade have been selected for the design of the proposed aircraft. A box-wing airframe architecture has been adopted as it has the potential to minimize induced aerodynamic drag while increasing the load transport capacity, thus representing an aerodynamic efficient solution. A design and optimization framework has been developed to evaluate the integration of the hybrid-electric propulsion with the box-wing lifting system. The coupling of these two technologies, together with a paradigm change in the aircraft design approach, allow to identify conceptual solutions that minimize fuel consumption throughout the typical regional mission envelope, leading to a potential emission-free regional aircraft.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 100924"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prospects for green aviation by 2050","authors":"Max F. Platzer","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The continued emission of greenhouse gases presents an existential threat to civilization on our planet. Although the aviation sector of the global economy contributes only a small percentage of the total greenhouse gas emissions it will become increasingly important to decarbonize this sector no later than 2050 if the danger of irreversible climate change is to be averted. In this special issue an attempt is made to provide the readers of ‘‘Progress in Aerospace Sciences” with easy access to the views of twentyfive active researchers in the field of sustainable aviation in eight comprehensive review papers on the current status and the challenges to achieve the transition to green aviation by mid-century.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 100926"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges, prospects and potential future orientation of hydrogen aviation and the airport hydrogen supply network: A state-of-art review","authors":"Hursit Degirmenci ,&nbsp;Alper Uludag ,&nbsp;Selcuk Ekici ,&nbsp;T. Hikmet Karakoc","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of fossil fuels, which are employed to supply the energy needs of aircraft, is currently causing severe environmental concerns, placing pressure on the aviation industry and mandating specific action. Sustainable aviation fuels that would lessen the aviation industry's environmental effects are viewed as a potential substitute for fossil fuels. Hydrogen, a clean energy carrier, is regarded as the most promising of these fuels. This paper provides a historical overview of hydrogen-powered aviation, as well as an analysis of the hydrogen supply network, which is regarded as a critical component. As part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this study offers a future-oriented concept as well as challenges, prospects, potential future orientation and modifications that can be made to the hydrogen supply network for full decarbonization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 100923"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50187514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A perspective on the urgency for green aviation","authors":"Max F. Platzer","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It has become apparent that the continued emission of greenhouse gases will lead to the onset of irreversible climate change, thereby endangering human civilization on our planet. Although the aviation sector of the global economy contributes only a small percentage of the total emissions the transition to emission-free (green) aviation will be a crucial part of the transition to a green global economy by mid-century if a catastrophe is to be averted. It is unfortunate that the danger posed by climate change is not yet regarded as an emergency that requires an “all hands on deck” global effort. This lack of awareness is exacerbated by the widespread view that the task is too immense to be accomplished in this century. It is our view that the past aerospace engineering successes and failures provide us with the lessons needed to convince the aerospace engineering community that the transition to green aviation can indeed be accomplished if economic and special interest considerations are set aside.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 100932"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44658056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable aviation in the context of the Paris Agreement: A review of prospective scenarios and their technological mitigation levers","authors":"S. Delbecq,&nbsp;J. Fontane,&nbsp;N. Gourdain,&nbsp;T. Planès,&nbsp;F. Simatos","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sustainability of air transport is increasingly studied in relation to climate issues. The objective of this paper is to provide the key elements for assessing whether a given transition scenario for aviation could be considered as sustainable in the context of the Paris Agreement. Addressing this question relies on a broad range of concepts which are reviewed. First, ethical considerations related to effort-sharing mitigation principles and physical considerations on climate impacts of aviation are introduced. Then, the technological levers of action for mitigating CO₂ and non-CO₂ effects are detailed. Concerning CO₂ emissions, low-carbon alternative energy carriers represent the main lever, with a wide range of solutions with varying degrees of maturity and decarbonization potentials. Other significant CO₂ levers include improving aircraft architecture efficiency and accelerating fleet renewal. Concerning non-CO₂ effects, contrail effect mitigation through operational strategies is one of the most promising lever. Aviation transition scenarios are then reviewed, with a particular focus on scenario simulation and sustainability assessment methodologies. Prospective scenarios are a useful framework for assessing the impacts of technological levers on the achievement of climate objectives. This review leads to the conclusion that technological levers have an important role to play in making aviation sustainable; however, significant uncertainties weigh on their feasibility, particularly for the most ambitious scenarios which rely on strong technological and political trade-off assumptions. The paper ends by raising the question about the meaning of sustainable aviation, which must be based on technological but also, for instance, social, economic and ethical considerations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"141 ","pages":"Article 100920"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50187547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of water sublimation cooling and water evaporation cooling in complex space environments","authors":"Kaifeng Chang ,&nbsp;Yu-Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Yun-Ze Li","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the lunar base, crewed Mars exploration and other future exploration plans proposed, the thermal control system of spacecraft will face challenges such as significantly higher thermal load and more complex and variable thermal environment. Traditional radiant heat sinks can hardly cope with the more demanding heat rejection requirements brought by these challenges, and more efficient, reliable and robust heat sinks are urgently needed to ensure the smooth running of future exploration programs. The sublimation or evaporation cooling technology has great potential to respond to these potential thermal control challenges. They utilize the latent heat of phase change from sublimation or evaporation of the consumable working medium into the space environment to reject the waste heat generated by the crew or equipment inside the spacecraft. This paper presents a review of the research progress in recent decades around two typical consumable heat sinks, the water sublimator and the water membrane evaporator. It mainly covers the basic issues and recent advances in component configuration, analytical and computational methods, experimental research methods, and system application architecture. The remaining problems and potential solutions in the development of water sublimator and water membrane evaporator as well as the direction of future development are summarized and pointed out.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 100930"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45653781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress on high-order discontinuous schemes for simulations of multiphase and multicomponent flows","authors":"Yu Lv ,&nbsp;John Ekaterinaris","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2023.100929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There have been growing research interests in high-order discontinuous schemes over recent years. With established theoretical basis and framework, more efforts have recently been taken to enable discontinuous-scheme capabilities for modeling complex multi-physical flows. Substantial achievements and milestones have been reached in the development of compatible numerical methods and algorithms that leverage high-order discontinuous schemes. The objective of this study is to comprehensively survey and summarize the key algorithmic components relevant to discontinuous schemes, while identifying the current state of the art in their capabilities for modeling multiphase and multicomponent flows. Furthermore, this review examines representative applications from recent literature to showcase the promising performance of discontinuous schemes in various scenarios. The review also identifies the limitations and bottlenecks encountered in previous research efforts and offers recommendations for future investigations. The primary aim of this review is to serve as a valuable guidebook for researchers in the field, facilitating the development of new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) capabilities based on discontinuous schemes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 100929"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46486513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}