Progress in Aerospace Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Thermal protection and drag reduction induced by flow control devices in supersonic/hypersonic flows: A review","authors":"Xiaobing Zhang ,&nbsp;Zekang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The remarkable feature of the flow field of compressible aerodynamics is the shock wave structure. The prominent feature of the current leading edge flow field of supersonic and hypersonic aircraft is the bow shock wave structure, which is the root cause of high-speed aircraft wave resistance and extreme aerodynamic heating. Research and advancement of new aerodynamic resistance mitigation methods and thermal protection systems for supersonic and hypersonic aircraft have received widespread attention from researchers from various countries. This article reviews the mechanical spike structure and two active flow control methods: counterflowing jet and energy deposition, focusing on the research progress of various combined flow control methods in recent years. Their mechanisms of action, respective advantages and challenges for future development are introduced in detail. Research on supersonic flow field aerodynamic resistance mitigation and thermal protection systems will surely promote the development of high-speed aircraft in terms of increasing flight distance, reducing weight and protecting the leading-edge structure to achieve lightweight aircraft.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 101093"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress of the flow and combustion organization for the high-Mach-number scramjet: From Mach 8 to 12","authors":"Chaoyang Liu,&nbsp;Junding Ai,&nbsp;Jincheng Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Li,&nbsp;Zijian Zhao,&nbsp;Wei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent groundbreaking advancements in Mach 4–7 combustion organization technology have paved the way for a significant expansion of the operational envelope for scramjets, enabling them to reach higher Mach numbers. By meticulously designing the compression ratio of the hypersonic inlet, the flow parameters at the entrance of the combustor can be effectively managed, thereby facilitating the autoignition of the reactant gas mixture. However, the challenge of achieving efficient combustion in a hypersonic environment escalates considerably. This paper delves into the intricacies of the reacting flows within high-Mach-number scramjets through a comprehensive literature review, segmented into three key technical fields. Firstly, the real gas effects in high-temperature hypersonic flows are given more attention, offering an in-depth examination of the physical and chemical properties of nonequilibrium flows. It also elucidates the sources of internal resistance in the flow path and the mechanisms behind the drag reduction achieved through boundary layer combustion. Subsequently, the paper synthesizes various strategies to enhance the efficiency of fuel/air mixing and combustion. These include advancing the injection position to prolong the fuel's flow residence time, employing porous, pulse injection, and oxygen supplementation techniques to boost the local premixing of combustible gases, and utilizing vortex generators to create large-scale streamwise vortices or recirculation zones that foster mixing. In summary, the paper provides an overview of combustion stabilization modes and mechanisms controlled by mixing in different combustion configurations. Building on this analysis, it uncovers the significant influence of thermochemical nonequilibrium effects on flow, ignition and flame stabilization, shedding light on the complexities of scramjets at high Mach numbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 101094"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey of launch vehicle recovery techniques","authors":"Shraddha C. ,&nbsp;Pankaj Priyadarshi ,&nbsp;Devendra Prakash Ghate","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Launch vehicle recovery technology has witnessed considerable advancement in recent years. This not only reduces the cost of access to space but also its rapid exploration. This paper gives a historical overview, surveys the launch vehicle recovery techniques, classifies based on multiple criteria, lists the advantages and disadvantages of each recovery technique, discusses the key phases involved during the recovery and lists the strategies adopted by various missions for each phase. It also gives an overview of the cost implications of launch vehicle recovery and reuse as reported in the open literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 101092"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The aerodynamics of miniature insect flight","authors":"Michael Sidebottom ,&nbsp;Lee Margetts ,&nbsp;Mostafa R.A. Nabawy","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The smallest example of powered flight currently known to humans is that of miniature insects, with wing lengths typically no greater than 1 mm. Flight in this domain is characterised by Reynolds numbers of the order of 10, meaning that viscous flow effects are more pronounced and, consequently, representative lift-to-drag ratios are significantly low. Most notably, at miniature scales, there is a transition from insects with wings made of continuous membranes to wings predominantly made up of bristled appendages. Yet, there remains very little understanding of how the structural arrangement of bristled wings interacts with the aerodynamics. In addition to their unique wing morphologies, the wing kinematics employed by miniature insects are also distinct. While flight is classically characterised via a lift force as the primary component for counteracting weight, miniature insects use swimming-like flapping profiles in which drag plays a distinctly more pronounced role in opposing gravity. Relative to the broader field of insect aerodynamics, the miniature domain has only recently begun to receive widespread attention from aerodynamicists, yet developing our understanding in the miniature field provides an opportunity to advance our capacity to inform the future design of miniature flying robots. To that end, the purpose of this review is to collate together the progress made thus far, in order to generate a perspective with regards to our current understanding of flight in the miniature domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 101081"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of boundary layer ingestion (BLI) fan: Current Status and future perspectives","authors":"Tao Ma ,&nbsp;Hanan Lu ,&nbsp;Qiushi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The distributed propulsion system has a significant potential for reducing the fuel consumption, noise and pollution emissions for the next-generation aircraft and become a current hot research topic. As the core component of the distributed propulsion system, the boundary layer ingestion fan has been continuously operating under the distorted inflow conditions, which largely degrades the aerodynamic performance of the fan itself. In turn, the degradation of the BLI fan performance will have a severe impact on the overall aerodynamic benefits achievement of the aircraft. This paper has conducted a systematic review of the boundary layer ingestion fan. Firstly, the aerodynamic benefits of BLI propulsion system has been overviewed. Then, different types of BLI fan based propulsion configurations have been introduced and the distinguished features of the distorted inflows for each configuration are analyzed in detail. Thirdly, the fan aerodynamic responses to the BLI distorted inflow are given and the influences of the BLI inflow distortion on the fan aerodynamic performances and internal flow fields are fully investigated. Subsequently, the potential performance evaluation methods, mainly the low-order computational approaches, used in the preliminary design stage of the fan have been comprehensively overviewed. Finally, the research works concerning the attempts for the fan/compressor design under non-uniform inflow condition are reviewed and some perspectives of the distortion-tolerant BLI fan design in the future have also been presented. The motivation of this work is to provide some useful guidelines for the upcoming research works concerning the BLI fan based propulsion systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 101082"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in low-altitude airspace management for uncrewed aircraft and advanced air mobility","authors":"Nichakorn Pongsakornsathien ,&nbsp;Nour El-Din Safwat ,&nbsp;Yibing Xie ,&nbsp;Alessandro Gardi ,&nbsp;Roberto Sabatini","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contemporary trends in Uncrewed Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) and Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) are redefining low-altitude airspace operations, particularly in urban and suburban settings where traditional airspace management approaches are inadequate to support the predicted air transport demands. To address these challenges, the development of an integrated Low-Altitude Airspace Management (LAAM) framework is seen as an essential next step, requiring new flight systems and infrastructure tailored to the distinct challenges of these environments. Cyber technologies, including automation and Artificial Intelligence (AI), play a crucial role in LAAM by integrating data from Communication, Navigation, and Surveillance (CNS) systems to support real-time and automated decision-making for separation assurance and flow management. While human operators and social interactions retain a very important role in LAAM collaborative decision-making processes, the reliance on automation is expected to continue growing, driven by the need to effectively manage the challenges arising from the increasing number and diversity of highly automated and uncrewed aircraft. Regulatory frameworks must adapt to accommodate the unique characteristics of AAM operations, ensuring the adequacy of safety standards and airspace regulations. In particular, airspace design is bound to evolve to accommodate Vertical/Short Take-off and Landing (V/STOL) aircraft’s distinct capabilities and requirements. The deployment of AI in safety-critical systems will require rigorous verification, validation, and certification processes to ensure reliability and trustworthiness. To address these complex and interrelated challenges, a harmonized LAAM Concept of Operations (CONOPS) is needed, which should encapsulate both UTM and emerging AAM requirements, while clearly specifying the role of human operators for various levels of automation. Additionally, new system functionalities should be developed to enhance human-machine teaming by focussing on CNS performance-based airspace modeling and dynamic airspace management. Based on these premises, an integrated approach to Multi-Domain Traffic Management (MDTM) is emerging, with promising future perspectives for the safe, efficient and sustainable operation of highly automated and autonomous flight systems in all present and likely future classes of airspace.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 101085"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reprint of : Energy demand comparison for carbon-neutral flight","authors":"Eytan J. Adler,&nbsp;Joaquim R.R.A. Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aviation’s emissions are among the hardest to eliminate. There are a handful of solutions: battery-electric propulsion, hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen combustion, and synthetic hydrocarbon fuel produced with carbon from the air. All of these solutions rely on renewable electricity, a resource that will be in short supply as other industries use it to decarbonize. Depending on the flight distance and speed, some carbon-neutral aircraft types demand less renewable electricity, while others are infeasible. Previous work focuses on the cost and climate impact of these alternative fuels and their effects on individual aircraft designs, but not when each solution is viable. We determine the cruise speed and flight range limitations of each. We find that battery-electric aircraft are the most efficient option for short flights, and a combination of hydrogen combustion and fuel cell aircraft are most efficient when batteries are too heavy. We also show that battery and fuel cell technology improvements could enable them to serve all missions. Determining the potential and limitations of different sustainable aircraft enables future efforts to focus on the most impactful technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 101084"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards drop-in sustainable aviation fuels in aero engine combustors: Fuel effects on combustion performance","authors":"Can Ruan ,&nbsp;Liang Yu ,&nbsp;Xingcai Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) in aviation industry has emerged as a key strategy for reducing the net carbon oxide (CO₂) emissions while minimizing modifications to the current aircraft and engine systems. SAFs, which are derived from sustainable feedstocks through biological, thermal and chemical (or their combinations) conversion pathways, can be used in current aero engines, however, at a maximum blending ratio of 50 % with conventional fossil-based jet fuels due to their distinct physical and chemical properties. To enable the use of 100 % ‘drop-in’ SAFs, extensive research has been conducted to obtain a better understanding of the fuel effects on the combustion performance of aero engine combustors, especially the comparison between SAFs and conventional jet fuels. The present paper aims to provide a comprehensive review on this topic by firstly introducing the production pathways of both conventional jet fuels and SAFs, which serve as the root cause of the distinct physiochemical properties among the fuels of interest. Then, the relationship between fundamental combustion properties (atomization, ignition and flame speed) and fuel peculiarities is explored and discussed. This is followed by a summary of the currently available component- and engine-level tests/simulations which compare the emissions, lean blowout (LBO) limit and combustion instabilities of conventional jet fuels and SAFs. Finally, representative flight tests fueled by SAFs ranging from 2006 to the most recent 2023 are summarized and discussed. The paper closes with key conclusions and future directions for the development of SAFs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 101054"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On pathways to green aviation","authors":"Max F. Platzer","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2024.101049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 101049"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reprint of: A definition, conceptual framework, and pathway towards sustainable aviation","authors":"E.G. Waddington,&nbsp;P.J. Ansell","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable aviation is a frequently discussed concept in contemporary aviation literature, industry, and policy. However, a review of definitions for sustainable aviation indicates that there is limited agreement as to what sustainable aviation entails. Most definitions include an increase in aircraft efficiency or introduce alternate energy systems in an attempt to decrease overall emissions, but fall short of considering the broader effects of aviation on the globe and its inhabitants. To make progress towards sustainable aviation, it is necessary to synthesize a definition for sustainable aviation from the key elements of aviation and sustainability. <strong>Sustainable aviation is the process of creating the air transportation system that maintains the connectivity of communities and mobility of people, goods, and services while minimizing negative impacts to human health, fostering productive quality of life, and conserving natural resources.</strong> We then apply this definition to create a theoretical framework, the Five Circles of Sustainable Aviation, which can be utilized to establish sustainability goals for the broad aviation ecosystem. We then apply the theoretical framework to the sustainability of contemporary and concept aircraft. We provide an example sustainability metric analysis that subdivides the Five Circles of Sustainable Aviation into a series of preliminary, illustrative, quantitative and qualitative metrics that can be used to assess aviation systems for their sustainability performance. The importance of applying this framework within a system-of-systems perspective of the aviation value stream is emphasized, with can be used for the practical development of engineered systems pursuant to these sustainability goals. We also address the effects of our definition and sustainable aviation perspective to governance, education, regulation, and safety. Finally, we provide context for the historical perspectives of aviation and sustainability from which we synthesize our definition and tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 101083"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}