{"title":"A review on safety control of unmanned aerial vehicles with guaranteed performance requirements","authors":"Ziquan Yu , Mengna Li , Youmin Zhang , Bin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonideal conditions including disturbances, faults, and attacks may significantly threaten flight safety of unmanned aerial vehicles by exceeding the inherent flight performance envelope curve. To strictly constrain the performance perturbations against nonideal conditions, some promising guaranteed performance methods are primarily developed to increase the flight safety of unmanned aerial vehicles. This review gives a systematic overview of safety control methods for unmanned aerial vehicles with guaranteed performance requirements. The funnel control, prescribed performance control, and barrier Lyapunov function methods are first analyzed as three typical guaranteed performance methods. Next, the applications of guaranteed performance methods on flight control, fault-tolerant control, and attack-tolerant control of single unmanned aerial vehicle are detailedly analyzed and summarized. Moreover, by extending the guaranteed performance control design for single unmanned aerial vehicle to multiple unmanned aerial vehicles, the applications of guaranteed performance methods on cooperative control, fault-tolerant cooperative control, and attack-tolerant cooperative control of unmanned aerial vehicle swarm are further analyzed. Furthermore, some direct applications of these safety control methods with guaranteed performance in the aerospace field are discussed. Finally, some challenges and future research directions are presented for the safety control of unmanned aerial vehicles with guaranteed performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 101144"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Graphene-enhanced epoxy composites: A comprehensive review of dispersion mechanisms, processing strategies, property optimization, characterization and sustainable innovations","authors":"Md Raju Ahmed, Leandro Maio, Prasad Potluri","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene has emerged as one of the most promising materials for enhancing the properties of polymer composites, particularly epoxy resins. In order to attain the greatest benefits of graphene nanoparticles in the production of composite matrix systems for industrial applications, it is crucial to know which aspects can influence the final material qualities. Among these, nanoparticle dispersion plays a crucial role in the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. The dispersion of graphene nanofillers is not a straightforward process since they tend to agglomerate due to van der Waals interactions. To promote de-agglomeration, various dispersion technologies are available. A survey of the literature regarding dispersion strategies and the accompanying mechanisms constitutes the core of the present review. Starting with a basic overview of difficulties associated with charging matrix materials with graphene and a short description of the properties of graphene, the review focuses on mechanisms governing graphene dispersion in epoxy. Furthermore, the physical and chemical techniques promoting effective dispersion are examined. Possible approaches for integrating dispersive technologies and adjusting dispersion quality are also discussed. Finally, the relationship between dispersion quality and the properties of graphene-epoxy composites and the characterization methods used to evaluate the quality of dispersion are critically analyzed. This comprehensive review highlights the advances, challenges, and future directions in achieving optimal dispersion of graphene in epoxy composites, emphasizing its significance for the development of high-performance materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 101142"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of parameterization methods for airfoil design","authors":"M.G. Lauer, P.J. Ansell","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Airfoil parameterization, or the description of airfoil geometry by a tractable set of parameters, has been the focus of a multitude of publications for nearly a century. The present work provides an explanation of and commentary on a large portion of these methods, as well as a summary of their use in airfoil design and optimization. Recommendations for using airfoil parameterization methods is provided, taking into account the type of airfoil design problem, as well as an updated review of current parameterization techniques. Additionally, a novel parameterization technique using <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>-continuous composite Bézier curves is introduced. This airfoil parameterization method is compared in terms of performance against a selection of other airfoil parameterization methods from the literature in a set of airfoil fitting problems. This comparison demonstrates that higher-order parameterization methods provide better fidelity of airfoil representation than the lower-order parameterization methods, both when applied to an NACA 0012 airfoil and an RAE 2822 airfoil. The composite Bézier approach also gave excellent results used to define other well-known airfoils. A comparison of aerodynamic shape optimizations using these parameterization approaches further showed that higher-order methods like the degree-5 B-spline and degree-6 Bézier provide a more effective optimal design, when compared to lower-order methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 101140"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145223018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriele Capasso , Christian Gogu , Julien Baroth , Jean-Philippe Navarro , Martin Kempeneers
{"title":"Comparative review of probabilistic frameworks for structural integrity in aeronautical and civil engineering design codes","authors":"Gabriele Capasso , Christian Gogu , Julien Baroth , Jean-Philippe Navarro , Martin Kempeneers","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In structural engineering, uncertainties arising from various sources, such as variability in material properties, loading conditions, manufacturing discrepancies and model inaccuracies, can significantly impact the integrity and performance of structures. This paper presents a comprehensive review of probabilistic and semi-probabilistic frameworks used to address these uncertainties in the context of static strength assessment within the aeronautical and civil engineering domains. By comparing the approaches used in aeronautical engineering, specifically for large commercial aircraft, with those in civil engineering, this paper aims to identify best practices and assess their transferability between the two fields. The review covers legislative and certification requirements, structural testing, reliability assessment approaches as well as the determination and use of safety factors. Through this comparative analysis, the paper seeks to highlight the differences and similarities in managing uncertainties and ensuring structural integrity, ultimately providing insights that could enhance design practices in both domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 101141"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comprehensive review of extended reality and its application in aerospace engineering","authors":"Mohsen Rostami, Pratik Pradhan, Niraj Karki, Jeffery Omorodion, Parichehr Milani, Jafer Kamoonpuri, Han Yu Liu, Joon Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extended Reality (XR) is a groundbreaking technology that is revolutionizing various industries, including aerospace engineering. As a leading field, aerospace is at the forefront of adopting XR to revolutionize its processes and maximize benefits. This comprehensive review explores the current state of XR technologies, their development and evaluation methodologies, and their diverse applications across the aerospace industry. The study begins by defining XR and its components - Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR), and Virtual Reality (VR)- detailing their input mechanisms, including haptics, eye-gaze tracking, brain-computer interfaces, gesture, and voice commands, alongside the integration of digital twin technologies and development platforms such as Unity and Unreal Engine. It then examines evaluation methods like workload assessment and situational awareness metrics to ensure usability and effectiveness. Key applications of XR in aerospace are categorized into engineering (design and optimization, assembly, and maintenance, repair, and overhaul), navigation (Head-Up Display [HUD], Head-Mounted Display [HMD], Degraded Visual Environment [DVE], vision systems, Air Traffic Control [ATC], and Urban Air Mobility [UAM]), training and simulation (aeronautical and astronautical), emerging services, and AI-driven implementations. The latter includes innovations in computer vision, recognition, pose estimation, and 3D reconstruction using cutting-edge technologies like LiDAR and Neural Radiance Fields. This review highlights the advancements and challenges of XR adoption in aerospace, providing a comprehensive resource for researchers, developers, and industry professionals aiming to harness XR's potential to enhance safety, efficiency, and innovation in this critical sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 101118"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Progress in inverse finite element method for aerospace structural health monitoring applications","authors":"Ihtisham Khalid , Zahid Ahmed Qureshi , Selda Oterkus , Erkan Oterkus","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review critically examines recent progress in the inverse finite element method (iFEM) for aerospace structural health monitoring (SHM), consolidating developments and emerging interdisciplinary applications. It offers novel insights into the latest inverse formulations, supported by benchmark numerical comparisons that aid in selecting suitable formulations for efficient airframe prognosis. Recognizing the importance of full-field sensing in aerospace monitoring systems, this review presents a unified analysis of numerical and experimental validations while accounting for uncertainties inherent in real-world implementations. In addition to the shape-sensing applications of iFEM, this review further examines a comprehensive damage assessment framework, including methods for identifying damage topologies such as material discontinuities and degradation resulting from operational or environmental conditions. Interdisciplinary methodologies integrating iFEM with advanced modeling and data-driven frameworks are reviewed for their efficacy in real-time defect characterization, offering insights into their broader potential for aerospace digital twin (DT) implementations. In addition, this study identifies current limitations in iFEM and outlines future directions to enhance its robustness, scalability, and adaptability for the rapidly evolving aerospace sector. By reviewing emerging trends in iFEM, this article serves as a foundational reference for researchers and practitioners aiming to design efficient and cost-effective aerospace SHM solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 101132"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3D printing modules for self-assembling space systems","authors":"Alex Ellery, Abdurr Elaskri","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We review 3D printing of modules for self-assembling spacecraft and space robots – structure, actuators, electronics, sensors – focusing on motors as one of the mechatronic component triad. Self-assembly is necessary for autonomous construction of large space structures. We review self-assembly of modules in space. Self-assembly may be synergised with 3D printing to offer an automated capability of manufacturing from raw material into modules for assembling new spacecraft or habitats. One application of 3D printing is using space debris on-orbit as an in-situ resource - defunct spacecraft may be salvaged as raw material for in-situ construction on demand. All self-assembling modules constitute a structure within which an internal actuator resides and without which resides a reversible latching mechanism. We have demonstrated a 3D printed dual excitation DC electric motor less the wire coils which were not 3D printed. We have married our 3D printed motor prototype as an actuated joint between two 3D printed TRIGON-type panels as constituent parts of a TRIGON (transformable robotic infrastructure-generating object network) self-assembling and self-deploying structure concept. The 3D printed motorised deployable panel system shows that 3D printing can be applied to both structural and actuator parts of a robotic self-assembling machine. This has implications for self-assembling systems into modular satellites as a solution to space debris.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 101128"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karim Abu Salem , Giuseppe Palaia , Aldo Frediani , Erasmo Carrera
{"title":"The box-wing configuration: a critical review of design approaches and applications","authors":"Karim Abu Salem , Giuseppe Palaia , Aldo Frediani , Erasmo Carrera","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper provides an overview of the main applications of the box-wing configuration for transport aircraft. Its main objective is to emphasize, through a proper selection of literature references, the peculiar performance and functional characteristics of the box-wing lifting architecture from the perspective of aircraft design. Two distinct approaches can guide the introduction of innovations within the aeronautical industry. The first is an evolutionary approach, which aims to implement incremental advancements without altering the fundamental framework of the current state of the art. The second is a breakthrough approach, which introduces functional solutions that are not addressed by existing technologies, thus reaching radical changes to established paradigms. The analysis of literature regarding the design and development of box-wing aircraft presented in this paper reveals that a breakthrough approach is essential for effectively integrating this innovation into transport aviation. By examining the application of the box-wing concept across various aircraft categories, ranging from medium-range and regional transport to ultralight aircraft and urban air mobility, the paper highlights the specific performance and functional potential of this configuration. Additionally, it identifies the limitations inherent to basic research and the critical bottlenecks that currently prevent its progression toward industrial implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 101108"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Progress in pyroshock simulation for qualification tests: A systematic literature review","authors":"Luca Viale, Alessandro Fasana","doi":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.paerosci.2025.101126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spacecraft and their onboard equipment are subjected to significant dynamic loads, particularly when the activation of pyrotechnic devices induces intense high-frequency shocks, known as pyroshocks, which propagate throughout the entire structure and can cause critical damages. Qualification tests are needed to ensure aerospace equipment can withstand impulsive loads and therefore test rigs and simulation models are designed to replicate real-world pyroshocks while pursuing repeatability, accuracy, and safety.</div><div>This paper systematically categorizes and analyzes existing research papers on pyroshock simulation techniques, examining both experimental and numerical approaches. Scientific databases were queried but only a selection of the most relevant papers is presented and labeled, according the publication year, the purpose, the physical domain, the numerical method, the kind of fixture, and the excitation method. Additionally, a shorter review on contact mechanics is included to offer complementary insights, considering its relevance to pyroshock simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54553,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Aerospace Sciences","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 101126"},"PeriodicalIF":16.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}