Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Sequential physical and cognitive training disrupts cocaine-context associations via multi-level stimulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis","authors":"Fabiola Ávila-Gámiz ,&nbsp;Ana M. Pérez-Cano ,&nbsp;José Manuel Pérez-Berlanga ,&nbsp;Emma N. Zambrana-Infantes ,&nbsp;M. Carmen Mañas-Padilla ,&nbsp;Sara Gil-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Sophie Tronel ,&nbsp;Luis J. Santín ,&nbsp;David Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cocaine-related contextual cues are a recurrent source of craving and relapse. Extinction of cue-driven cocaine seeking remains a clinical challenge, and the search for adjuvants is ongoing. In this regard, combining physical and cognitive training is emerging as a promising strategy that has shown synergistic benefits on brain structure and function, including enhancement of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), which has been recently linked to reduced maintenance of maladaptive drug seeking. Here, we examined whether this behavioral approach disrupts cocaine-context associations via improved AHN. To this aim, C57BL/6J mice (<em>N</em> = 37) developed a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and underwent interventions consisting of exercise and/or spatial working memory training. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered during early running sessions to tag a subset of new dentate granule cells (DGCs) reaching a critical window of survival during spatial learning. Once these DGCs became functionally mature (∼ 6 weeks-old), mice received extinction training before testing CPP extinction and reinstatement. We found that single and combined treatments accelerated CPP extinction and prevented reinstatement induced by a low cocaine priming (2 mg/kg). Remarkably, the dual-intervention mice showed a significant decrease of CPP after extinction relative to untreated animals. Moreover, combining the two strategies led to increased number and functional integration of BrdU⁺ DGCs, which in turn maximized the effect of spatial training (but not exercise) to reduce CPP persistence. Together, our findings suggests that sequencing physical and cognitive training may redound to decreased maintenance of cocaine-context associations, with multi-level stimulation of AHN as a potential underlying mechanism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 111148"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278584624002161/pdfft?md5=e82896da4705ab02d2c2fdeccf31f602&pid=1-s2.0-S0278584624002161-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional processing in binge drinking, tobacco use disorder and their comorbidity in youth: A preregistered PRISMA scoping review","authors":"Elisa Martini ,&nbsp;Sorenza Semeraro ,&nbsp;Séverine Lannoy ,&nbsp;Pierre Maurage","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Binge drinking (BD) and tobacco use disorder (TUD) are prevalent among youth, with significant social and health implications. However, research into the emotional impairments associated with BD and TUD during adolescence is sparse and lacks integration within a comprehensive model of emotional processes. Moreover, the impact of comorbid BD and TUD on emotional deficits remains largely unexplored. We propose the first review focused on the variation of emotional deficits in BD, TUD, or their comorbidity among adolescents and we systematically explore differences across various emotional abilities.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines (PRISMA-ScR), we conducted a preregistered review of existing literature on emotional processing impairments in BD and/or TUD among adolescents. From 481 papers initially identified, 7 were included in this review. Additionally, we proposed experimental avenues for future research based on identified shortcomings in current literature.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our scoping review indicates that emotional deficits are likely prevalent in both BD and TUD populations, affecting emotional appraisal/identification, response, and regulation. However, further investigation is necessary to ascertain the magnitude and scope of these deficits in adolescents and adults, as well as to delineate the distinct or combined influence of BD and TUD on emotional disturbances.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>While some emotional deficits are apparent, we contend that examining emotional deficits in BD and TUD separately, as well as together, would offer a more comprehensive understanding of their nature and inform the development of novel treatment strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 111138"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mother's little helper turned a foe: Alprazolam use, misuse, and abuse","authors":"Astrid M. Cardona-Acosta ,&nbsp;Noelle Meisser ,&nbsp;Nathan I. Vardeleon ,&nbsp;Heinz Steiner ,&nbsp;Carlos A. Bolaños-Guzmán","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Benzodiazepines are effective in managing anxiety and related disorders when used properly (short-term). Their inappropriate use, however, carries significant risks, involving amnesia, rebound insomnia, rebound anxiety, depression, dependence, abuse, addiction, and an intense and exceedingly prolonged withdrawal, among other complications. Benzodiazepines also amplify the effects of opioids and, consequently, have been implicated in approximately 30 % of opioid overdose deaths. Despite their unfavorable profile, sharp increases in medical and non-medical use of benzodiazepines have been steadily reported worldwide. Alprazolam (Xanax®), a potent, short-acting benzodiazepine, is among the most prescribed and abused anxiolytics in the United States. This medication is commonly co-abused with opioids, increasing the likelihood for oversedation, overdose, and death. Notwithstanding these risks, it is surprising that research investigating how benzodiazepines, such as alprazolam, interact with opioids is severely lacking in clinical and preclinical settings. This review therefore aims to present our current knowledge of benzodiazepine use and misuse, with an emphasis on alprazolam when data is available, and particularly in populations at higher risk for developing substance use disorders. Additionally, the potential mechanism(s) surrounding tolerance, dependence and abuse liability are discussed. Despite their popularity, our understanding of how benzodiazepines and opioids interact is less than adequate. Therefore, it is now more important than ever to understand the short- and long-term consequences of benzodiazepine/alprazolam use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 111137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring sedentary behavior, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and depression: Mediation analysis in NHANES","authors":"Jing Chen ,&nbsp;Shengyuan Hua ,&nbsp;Lirong Huang ,&nbsp;Xinguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenbo Yao ,&nbsp;Zheng Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sedentary behavior and depression have been linked to inflammation. However, the specific role of inflammation in the relationship between sedentary behavior and depression remains unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We examined associations among the inflammatory marker (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR]), sedentary behavior, and depression in a robust, ethnically diverse sample (<em>n</em> = 29,769) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>Our findings indicate that individuals experiencing depression and/or engaging in sedentary behavior show elevated levels of the NLR. Even after adjusting for confounding variables such as age, sex, and body mass index, sedentary behavior remains significantly associated with both depression and NLR levels. Additionally, our analysis reveals a non-linear relationship between NLR levels and depression, suggesting a complex interaction. Importantly, NLR partially mediates a modest yet statistically significant portion (1.920 %, <em>p</em> = 0.014) of the association between sedentary behavior and depression.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study highlights the intricate interplay among sedentary behavior, inflammation, and depression, providing insights into potential avenues for intervention and management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 111140"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of gene co-expression modules from zebrafish brain data: Applications in psychiatry illustrated through alcohol-related traits","authors":"Laila Al-Soufi ,&nbsp;Álvaro J. Arana ,&nbsp;Fernando Facal ,&nbsp;Gerardo Flórez ,&nbsp;Fernando L. Vázquez ,&nbsp;Manuel Arrojo ,&nbsp;the GenPol Study Group,&nbsp;Laura Sánchez ,&nbsp;Javier Costas","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cumulative evidence suggests that zebrafish is a useful model in psychiatric research. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) enables the reduction of genome-wide expression data to modules of highly co-expressed genes, which are hypothesized to interact within molecular networks. In this study, we first applied WGCNA to zebrafish brain expression data across different experimental conditions. Then, we characterized the different co-expression modules by gene-set enrichment analysis and hub gene-phenotype association. Finally, we analyzed association of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) based on genes of some interesting co-expression modules with alcohol dependence in 524 patients and 729 controls from Galicia, using competitive tests. Our approach revealed 34 co-expression modules in the zebrafish brain, with some showing enrichment in human synaptic genes, brain tissues, or brain developmental stages. Moreover, certain co-expression modules were enriched in psychiatry-related GWAS and comprised hub genes associated with psychiatry-related traits in both human GWAS and zebrafish models. Expression patterns of some co-expression modules were associated with the tested experimental conditions, mainly with substance withdrawal and cold stress. Notably, a PRS based on genes from co-expression modules exclusively associated with substance withdrawal in zebrafish showed a stronger association with human alcohol dependence than PRSs based on randomly selected brain-expressed genes. In conclusion, our analysis led to the identification of co-expressed gene modules that may model human brain gene networks involved in psychiatry-related traits. Specifically, we detected a cluster of co-expressed genes whose expression was exclusively associated with substance withdrawal in zebrafish, which significantly contributed to alcohol dependence susceptibility in humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 111136"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 polymorphisms on aripiprazole and dehydroaripiprazole concentrations in patients undergoing long-acting treatment","authors":"Francisco José Toja-Camba ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Hermelo Vidal ,&nbsp;María Vidal-Millares ,&nbsp;María José Durán-Maseda ,&nbsp;Alicia Rial-Pérez ,&nbsp;Olalla Maroñas ,&nbsp;Angel Carracedo ,&nbsp;Ana Estany Gestal ,&nbsp;Francisco Cajade-Pascual ,&nbsp;Irene Zarra-Ferro ,&nbsp;Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro ,&nbsp;Cristina Mondelo-García","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aripiprazole once-monthly (AOM) exhibits an important interindividual pharmacokinetic variability with significant implications for its clinical use. CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 highly contributes to this variability, as they metabolize aripiprazole (ARI) into its active metabolite, dehydroaripiprazole (DHA) and the latter into inactive metabolites.</p><p>This study aims to evaluate the effect of <em>CYP2D6</em> and <em>CYP3A4</em> polymorphisms in combination and the presence of concomitant inducers and inhibitors of this cytochromes on ARI and DHA plasma concentrations in a real clinical setting.</p><p>An observational study of a cohort of 74 Caucasian patients under AOM treatment was conducted. Regarding CYP2D6, higher concentrations were found for active moiety (ARI plus DHA) (AM) (67 %), ARI (67 %) and ARI/DHA ratio (77 %) for poor metabolizers (PMs) compared to normal metabolizers (NMs). No differences were found for DHA.</p><p>PMs for both CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 showed a 58 % higher AM and 66 % higher plasma concentration for ARI compared with PMs for CYP2D6 and NMs for CYP3A4. In addition, PMs for both CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 have 45 % higher DHA concentrations than NMs for both cytochromes and 41 % more DHA than PMs for CYP2D6 and NMs for CYP3A4, suggesting a significant role of CYP3A4 in the elimination of DHA.</p><p>Evaluating the effect of CYPD26 and CYP3A4 metabolizing state in combination on plasma concentrations of ARI, DHA and parent-to-metabolite ratio, considering concomitant treatments with inducers and inhibitor, could optimize therapy for patients under AOM treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 111134"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278584624002021/pdfft?md5=9c9a401d8b91f191f0a0a107d16ab897&pid=1-s2.0-S0278584624002021-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the critical role of neuroinflammation in epilepsy-associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities: A review","authors":"Iqra Mukhtar","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder characterized not only by seizures but also by significant neuropsychiatric comorbidities, affecting approximately one-third of those diagnosed. This review explores the intricate relationship between epilepsy and its associated psychiatric and cognitive disturbances, with a focus on the role of inflammation. Recent definitions of epilepsy emphasize its multifaceted nature, linking it to neurobiological, psychiatric, cognitive, and social deficits. Inflammation has emerged as a critical factor influencing both seizure activity and neuropsychiatric outcomes in epilepsy patients. This paper critically examines how dysregulated inflammatory pathways disrupt neurotransmitter transmission and contribute to depression, mood disorders, and anxiety prevalent among individuals with epilepsy. It also evaluates current therapeutic approaches and underscores the potential of anti-inflammatory therapies in managing epilepsy and related neuropsychiatric conditions. Additionally, the review highlights the importance of the anti-inflammatory effects of anti-seizure medications, antidepressants, and antipsychotics and their therapeutic implications for mood disorders. Also, the role of ketogenic diet in managing epilepsy and its psychiatric comorbidities is briefly presented. Furthermore, it briefly discusses the role of the gut-brain axis in maintaining neurological health and how its dysregulation is associated with epilepsy. The review concludes that inflammation plays a pivotal role in linking epilepsy with its neuropsychiatric comorbidities, suggesting that targeted anti-inflammatory interventions may offer promising therapeutic strategies. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies comparing outcomes between epileptic patients with and without neuropsychiatric comorbidities, the development of diagnostic tools, and the exploration of novel anti-inflammatory treatments to better manage these complex interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 111135"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal relationship between genetically determined plasma metabolites and stroke: A two sample Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Yi Huang ,&nbsp;Siqi Chen ,&nbsp;Enhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Liyuan Han","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>This study investigates the causal relationship between plasma metabolites and stroke.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The primary analytical approach employed was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, complemented by the weighted median (WM) and MR Egger methods for Additionally, validation of the identified plasma metabolites was performed using the Steiger test and LD linkage disequilibrium score. Furthermore, the main results were confirmed through data from the UK Biobank.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>The IVW analysis revealed the most notable negative association found in X-17335 levels (OR [95 % CI]: 0.82 [0.72, 0.94]). On the other hand, the strongest positive effect was seen in the 5′-homophase (AMP) to phase ratio (OR [95 % CI]: 1.17 [1.03, 1.32]). Moving on to the validation dataset, the most significant positive effect was observed in the 13 HODE+9-HODE levels (OR [95 % CI]: 0.996 [0.993, 0.999]), whereas the most significant negative effect was seen in the Dihydroxide levels (OR [95 % CI]: 1.004 [1.00, 1.007]). Notably, Alpha ketoglutarate levels exhibited strong causal effects in both datasets (OR 0.908 [0.841, 0.981], <em>p</em> = 0.0144). Enrichment analysis highlighted the association of Alpha ketoglutarate levels with five plasma metabolites in metabolic pathways relevant to stroke, specifically Arginine biosynthesis, Butanoate metabolism, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and Lipid acid metabolism, all linked to oxoglutaric acid.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The discovery dataset showed the most significant positive effect of the 5′-homophase (AMP) to phase ratio, while the validation dataset revealed the most significant positive effect of the 13 HODE+9-HODE levels. Additionally, alpha ketoglutarate may offer a potential protective effect on stroke by influencing five metabolic pathways that intersect with Oxoglutaric acid during the progression of the condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 111133"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vasostatin-1 restores autistic disorders in an idiopathic autism model (BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J mice) by decreasing hippocampal neuroinflammation","authors":"Ennio Avolio ,&nbsp;Ilaria Olivito ,&nbsp;Antonio Leo ,&nbsp;Claudia De Matteo ,&nbsp;Lorenza Guarnieri ,&nbsp;Francesca Bosco ,&nbsp;Sushil K. Mahata ,&nbsp;Damiana Minervini ,&nbsp;Raffaella Alò ,&nbsp;Giovambattista De Sarro ,&nbsp;Rita Citraro ,&nbsp;Rosa Maria Facciolo","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chromogranin A (CgA), a ∼ 49 kDa acidic secretory protein, is ubiquitously distributed in endocrine and neuroendocrine cells and neurons. As a propeptide, CgA is proteolytically cleaved to generate several peptides of biological importance, including pancreastatin (PST: hCgA₂₅₀_–₃₀₁), Vasostatin 1 (VS1: hCgA_1–76), and catestatin (CST: CgA ₃₅₂_–₃₇₂). VS1 represents the most conserved fragment of CgA. A 20 amino acid domain within VS1 (CgA 47–66) exhibits potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Autism is known to be associated with inflammation. Therefore, we seek to test the hypothesis that VS1 modulates autism behaviors by reducing inflammation in the hippocampus. Treatment of C57BL/6 (B6) and BTBR (a mouse model of idiopathic autism) mice with VS1 revealed the following: BTBR mice showed a significant decrease in chamber time in the presence of a stranger or a novel object. Treatment with VS1 significantly increased chamber time in both cases, underscoring a crucial role for VS1 in improving behavioral deficits in BTBR mice. In contrast to chamber time, sniffing time in BTBR mice in the presence of a stranger was less compared to B6 control mice. VS1 did not improve this latter parameter. Surprisingly, sniffing time in BTBR mice in the presence of a novel object was comparable with B6 mice. Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-1b, as well as other inflammatory markers, were elevated in BTBR mice, which were dramatically reduced after supplementation with VS1. Interestingly, even Beclin-1/p62, pAKT/AKT, and p-p70-S6K/p70-S6K ratios were notably reduced by VS1. We conclude that VS1 plays a crucial role in restoring autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) plausibly by attenuating neuroinflammation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 111131"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered structural node of default mode network mediated general cognitive ability in young adults with obesity","authors":"ShengJie Xu ,&nbsp;KeZhen Lv ,&nbsp;YuQi Sun ,&nbsp;Teng Chen ,&nbsp;Junhao He ,&nbsp;Jing Xu ,&nbsp;Hui Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Obesity, characterized by excessive adiposity, is associated with brain structural abnormalities. Nevertheless, the relationships between altered structural nodes of default mode network (DMN), body mass index (BMI), general cognitive ability remained unclear in young adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, we divided a large sample of young adults into three BMI-based groups. We then conducted one-way analyses of variance and post-hoc tests with Bonferroni corrections to investigate abnormal structural brain regions associated with obesity. Furthermore, mediation effects models were built to explore whether the structural alterations influenced the relationship between BMI and general cognitive ability.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared to their lean and overweight counterparts, young adults with obesity exhibited significantly lower general cognitive ability, higher impulsivity traits, and worse sleep quality. Furthermore, compared with lean group, young adults with obesity exhibited altered cortical thickness of both the left temporal pole and right superior parietal lobule, and abnormal cortical surface area (CSA) of the left entorhinal cortex (EC), a hub within DMN. Moreover, CSA of the left EC mediated the relationship between BMI and general cognitive ability.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Obesity was linked to altered structural node of DMN, which mediated general cognitive ability in young adults. These findings indicated the negative effect of obesity on DMN and general cognitive ability in young adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54549,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry","volume":"135 ","pages":"Article 111132"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}