Radiographics最新文献_第5页

Imaging of Craniovertebral Junction Instability, Fixation, and Stenosis in Children. 儿童颅椎交界处不稳、固定和狭窄的影像学分析。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240075

Stephen B Little, Asha Sarma, Manish Bajaj, John Dennison, Barunashish Brahma, Sumit Pruthi

{"title":"Imaging of Craniovertebral Junction Instability, Fixation, and Stenosis in Children.","authors":"Stephen B Little, Asha Sarma, Manish Bajaj, John Dennison, Barunashish Brahma, Sumit Pruthi","doi":"10.1148/rg.240075","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240075","url":null,"abstract":"Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) instability, fixation, and stenosis in children are closely related conditions that are often challenging to diagnose and are associated with significant morbidity. Groups at higher risk for CVJ abnormalities include children with trisomy 21, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, upper respiratory infection or other inflammatory conditions of the head and neck, and certain skeletal dysplasias. Radiography, CT, and MRI play complementary roles in the evaluation of pathologic conditions of the CVJ. CVJ morphometry is helpful in characterizing osseous relationships and suggesting potential instability and/or neural compression. CT with multiplanar and three-dimensional volume-rendered reconstructions may be helpful in identifying (a) congenital anomalies associated with instability and/or neural canal narrowing; (b) disorders predisposing to atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF), such as retropharyngeal inflammation in Grisel syndrome; and (c) acquired osseous abnormalities associated with irreducibility in children with chronic AARF (eg, facet deformity or new bone formation). Dynamic CT is particularly helpful for evaluating children with persistent torticollis that is refractory to initial conservative therapy. Early diagnosis and treatment of AARF are essential in reducing the likelihood of progression to chronic AARF. Performing CT angiography before C1-C2 fixation may help identify vascular variations that increase surgical risk and provide an opportunity for modification of the surgical plan. MRI is preferred for assessment of the hindbrain; upper cervical spinal cord; and nonossified structures such as cartilage, ligaments, and paravertebral soft tissues. The authors discuss normal development and anatomy, imaging evaluation, and disorders associated with CVJ instability, fixation, and stenosis in children. Imaging-related treatment considerations are also discussed. ©RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 4","pages":"e240075"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Invited Commentary: Thermal Protection: Heightened Safety for Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Ablation of Musculoskeletal Tumors. 特邀评论：热保护：提高肌肉骨骼肿瘤微创经皮消融的安全性。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240238

Anderanik Tomasian, Jack W Jennings

引用次数: 0

Multiparametric MR Urography: State of the Art. 多参数磁共振尿路造影：最新进展。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240151

Jay A Karajgikar, Barun Bagga, Satheesh Krishna, Nicola Schieda, Myles T Taffel

{"title":"Multiparametric MR Urography: State of the Art.","authors":"Jay A Karajgikar, Barun Bagga, Satheesh Krishna, Nicola Schieda, Myles T Taffel","doi":"10.1148/rg.240151","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240151","url":null,"abstract":"MR urography (MRU) is an imaging technique that provides comprehensive evaluation of the kidneys, pelvicalyceal system, ureters, and urinary bladder. Although CT urography (CTU) remains the first-line imaging modality for the urinary tract, incremental improvements in MRU have allowed simultaneous imaging of the kidneys, collecting system, and urinary bladder with superior contrast resolution and tissue characterization, equivalent visualization of the upper tracts, and similar specificity for detection of noncalculous diseases of the collecting system compared with that of CTU. MRU has evolved into an alternative to CTU in the broader patient population and a first-line examination in specific patient populations for which CTU is less preferred. This subgroup includes pediatric patients, pregnant patients, patients needing recurring studies, and patients with poor renal function or severe allergies to iodinated contrast material. The most common techniques encompassing a conventional MRU examination include static-fluid T2-weighted imaging and gadolinium-enhanced urothelial and excretory phase imaging. The addition of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging results in multiparametric MRU that increases diagnostic accuracy. Newer techniques, such as parallel imaging, compressed sensing, radial k-space sampling, and deep learning-based image reconstruction, can shorten examination times and improve image quality and patient compliance. Successful MRU interpretation relies on technique optimization, knowledge of various urinary tract pathologic conditions, and familiarity with different sequences, potential interpretive pitfalls, and artifacts. ©RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 4","pages":"e240151"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thoracic Manifestations of ANCA-associated Vasculitis: Review of the 2022 American College of Rheumatology-European Alliance of Associations of Rheumatology Classification Criteria. anca相关血管炎的胸部表现：对2022年美国风湿病学会-欧洲风湿病协会联盟分类标准的回顾

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240089

Jonghyeon Kwon, Yo Won Choi, Hyunsung Kim, Seung-Jin Yoo

{"title":"Thoracic Manifestations of ANCA-associated Vasculitis: Review of the 2022 American College of Rheumatology-European Alliance of Associations of Rheumatology Classification Criteria.","authors":"Jonghyeon Kwon, Yo Won Choi, Hyunsung Kim, Seung-Jin Yoo","doi":"10.1148/rg.240089","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240089","url":null,"abstract":"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a rare disease that manifests as necrotizing vasculitis involving small vessels without immune complex deposition. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) are included in this disease entity. Diagnosis and differentiation of AAV is challenging because of the diverse and overlapping clinical manifestations and lack of pathognomonic findings. Therefore, AAV classification criteria have been developed to increase the likelihood of diagnosis using multidisciplinary approaches, including clinical, radiologic, laboratory, and pathologic findings. The new American College of Rheumatology and European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria were released in 2022 to classify AAVs using weighted criteria and threshold scores. They are expected to make the classification of GPA, EGPA, and MPA more accurate in the setting of suspected small-vessel vasculitis. The criteria present key thoracic imaging discriminators of GPA as \"pulmonary nodules, masses, or cavitation\" and MPA as \"interstitial fibrosis,\" whereas, radiologic criteria of EGPA are not present. ANCA positivity and eosinophil count are included as key laboratory discriminators. It is essential for radiologists to familiarize themselves with imaging findings of each AAV and know the key imaging discriminators to aid in the differential diagnosis of AAVs. By reviewing the radiologic findings of thoracic manifestations of each AAV and applying the new criteria in a series of cases, the authors aim to provide a practical and stepwise approach to AAV for radiologists. ©RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 4","pages":"e240089"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Imaging Features of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease. 非结核性分枝杆菌肺病的影像学特征。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240187

Adina Haramati, Katherine Eacobacci, Meredith L Turetz, Larry Latson, Geraldine Brusca-Augello, Francis Girvin

引用次数: 0

MRI in Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis. 自身免疫性脑炎的MRI诊断。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240195

Fernando Diego Choque-Chávez, Aleix Jareno-Badenas, Teodoro Martín-Noguerol, Camilo Pineda Ibarra, Yensa Rodriguez Alvarez, Sofía González-Ortiz, Santiago Medrano, Nuria Bargalló

引用次数: 0

Breast Cancer Surveillance in Patients with a Personal History of Breast Cancer: Updates and Controversies. 有乳腺癌个人病史患者的乳腺癌监测：最新进展和争议。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240132

Sona A Chikarmane, Catherine S Giess

引用次数: 0

Autoimmune Disorders of the Liver and Biliary Tract. 肝脏和胆道自身免疫性疾病

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240126

Cody M Anderson, Christopher L Welle, Daniel R Ludwig, Mark A Anderson, Rachita Khot, Malak Itani, Maria Zulfiqar, Michael S Torbenson, Sudhakar K Venkatesh

{"title":"Autoimmune Disorders of the Liver and Biliary Tract.","authors":"Cody M Anderson, Christopher L Welle, Daniel R Ludwig, Mark A Anderson, Rachita Khot, Malak Itani, Maria Zulfiqar, Michael S Torbenson, Sudhakar K Venkatesh","doi":"10.1148/rg.240126","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240126","url":null,"abstract":"Several autoimmune diseases (primary and secondary) can affect the liver and bile ducts. While the exact cause remains unclear, early diagnosis is crucial to prevent complications. The authors' main objective is to review imaging features of various autoimmune disorders, including autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related diseases, and drug-induced autoimmune injury. These disorders are chronic inflammatory conditions causing destruction of hepatocytes or cholangiocytes, destruction of the latter potentially leading to cholestasis and associated ductopenia. Complications related to untreated autoimmune disorders include sequelae of chronic liver failure or cirrhosis, such as portal hypertension and ascites. Neoplasms arising in the setting of cirrhosis related to autoimmune diseases include hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancer. As these autoimmune disorders of the liver and biliary tract characteristically involve bile ducts and cause cholestasis, MRI or MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the preferred imaging modality, given its ability to provide excellent anatomic details of the bile ducts and demonstrate changes in the liver parenchyma. Understanding the imaging appearance of each of the autoimmune disorders affecting the liver and biliary tract allows a particular diagnosis to be suggested. Imaging studies often provide the first clues to an autoimmune disorder of the liver and bile ducts, enabling early diagnosis to halt progression and prevent complications. In addition, imaging studies are also useful for monitoring progression of disease, assessing treatment response, and detecting complications during follow-up. ©RSNA, 2025.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 4","pages":"e240126"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stercoral Colitis: Review of Imaging Features and Complications. 后珊瑚结肠炎：影像学特征及并发症综述。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240085

Nikitha Karkala, Bertin Mathai, John J Hines, Sarah Byun, Douglas S Katz

{"title":"Stercoral Colitis: Review of Imaging Features and Complications.","authors":"Nikitha Karkala, Bertin Mathai, John J Hines, Sarah Byun, Douglas S Katz","doi":"10.1148/rg.240085","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240085","url":null,"abstract":"Stercoral colitis is an inflammatory reaction secondary to fecal impaction and almost always occurs in the setting of chronic constipation. Luminal distention caused by dense and dehydrated stool compresses the vascular supply of the distal colon, resulting in bowel ischemia and ulceration. Stercoral colitis primarily affects elderly patients, but it can be seen in any patient with decreased bowel motility, with risk factors including neurodegenerative disorders, chronic medical diseases, malignancy, immobility, and the use of narcotic or anticholinergic medications. Patients most often present with abdominal pain and tenderness. However, the presentation is often nonspecific and can include nongastrointestinal symptoms. Due to the common presence of comorbidities, a thorough history and physical examination findings may be difficult to obtain. Imaging, especially CT, plays a vital role in the diagnosis of stercoral colitis, demonstrating hallmark features such as fecal impaction and a large colorectal stool burden. Mural thickening (>3 mm) and other CT signs of inflammation aid in diagnosis, although findings including perirectal fat stranding can be nonspecific. Signs of perforation, including mural discontinuity, extraluminal air, and extraluminal stool collections, can also be identified. Other potential complications include obstruction, bleeding, fistulas, and urinary tract involvement secondary to mass effect. The overlap of findings between stercoral colitis and other colonic diseases, particularly diverticulitis and malignancy, can sometimes make diagnosis challenging. Identification of fecal impaction and associated inflammatory changes helps in distinguishing stercoral colitis from other pathologic conditions. Prompt diagnosis of stercoral colitis and its complications allows appropriate management, which can range from preventive measures to emergent surgical treatment. ©RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 4","pages":"e240085"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal Protection Techniques for Image-guided Musculoskeletal Ablation. 图像引导下肌肉骨骼消融的热保护技术。

IF 5.2 1区医学

Radiographics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1148/rg.240078

Peter C Thurlow, Arash Azhideh, Corey K Ho, Lindsay M Stratchko, Atefe Pooyan, Ehsan Alipour, Nastaran Hosseini, Majid Chalian

{"title":"Thermal Protection Techniques for Image-guided Musculoskeletal Ablation.","authors":"Peter C Thurlow, Arash Azhideh, Corey K Ho, Lindsay M Stratchko, Atefe Pooyan, Ehsan Alipour, Nastaran Hosseini, Majid Chalian","doi":"10.1148/rg.240078","DOIUrl":"10.1148/rg.240078","url":null,"abstract":"Percutaneous image-guided thermal ablation has gained wide acceptance among physicians for the treatment of benign and malignant tumors of the musculoskeletal system. Increasing evidence to support the efficacy of thermal ablation techniques in primary and adjuvant treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas, treatment of oligometastatic disease to bone and soft tissue, and metastatic pain palliation has positioned interventional oncology alongside surgery, systemic therapies, and radiation therapy as the fourth pillar of modern comprehensive cancer care. Despite the expanding indications and increasing use in clinical practice, thermal ablation carries a significant risk of injury to the adjacent vulnerable structures, predominantly the skin, bowel, and neural structures. Knowledge of the mechanism of action of each thermal ablation modality informs the physician of the attendant risks associated with a particular modality. Thermal ablation mechanisms can be divided into hypothermic (cryoablation) and hyperthermic (radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, high-intensity focused US, or laser). Active thermal protection techniques include hydrodissection, pneumodissection, direct skin thermal protection, and physical displacement techniques. Passive thermal protection techniques include temperature monitoring, biofeedback, and neurophysiologic monitoring. The authors provide an overview of the mechanism of action of the most commonly used thermal ablation modalities, review the thermal injury risks associated with these modalities, and introduce the active and passive thermal protective techniques critical to safe and effective musculoskeletal ablative therapy. ©RSNA, 2025 See the invited commentary by Tomasian and Jennings in this issue.","PeriodicalId":54512,"journal":{"name":"Radiographics","volume":"45 4","pages":"e240078"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0