Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal最新文献_第9页

BIOENSAYOS DE FITOTOXICIDAD DE RESIDUOS ORGÁNICOS EN LECHUGA Y BALLICA ANUAL REALIZADOS EN UN SUELO ALFISOL DEGRADADO 在降解的ALFISOL土壤中进行生菜和一年生BALLICA有机残留物的植物毒性生物测定

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912007000300005

José Celis Hidalgo, Marco Sandoval Estrada, Mario Alfodín Briones Luengo

引用次数: 6

GRAZING MANAGEMENT, AMMONIA AND NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS: A GENERAL VIEW 放牧管理，氨和一氧化二氮排放:概览

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912007000300006

P. Nunez, R. Demanet, F. Matus, M. Mora

引用次数: 16

APLICACIÓN DE LODOS DE PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE CELULOSA: EFECTO EN ALGUNAS PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS Y QUÍMICAS DE SUELOS VOLCÁNICOS 纤维素处理厂污泥的应用:对火山土壤某些理化性质的影响

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912007000100001

R. ClaudiaAravena, C. CristianValentin, A. FelipeGallardo

{"title":"APLICACIÓN DE LODOS DE PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE CELULOSA: EFECTO EN ALGUNAS PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS Y QUÍMICAS DE SUELOS VOLCÁNICOS","authors":"R. ClaudiaAravena, C. CristianValentin, A. FelipeGallardo","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912007000100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912007000100001","url":null,"abstract":"The sludge from cellulose treatment plant is rich in organic matter (MO) and can be used to improve the chemical and physical properties of the soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of sludge from cellulose wastewater treatment plant on the physical and chemical properties of volcanic soils (series Gorbea and Collipulli). There was added sludge (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50 Mg ha-1) to the soils and were incubated for 75 days at 22 ± 2oC. At 15 and 75 days the content of organic matter (MO), available nitrogen (N), pH, extractable Al, field capacity, bulk density and aggregate stability was determinated. The application of sludge improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the levels of nitrogen and organic matter in both soils, as well as the pH, with the consistent decrease of Al level. On the other hand, the different doses of sludge did not improve significantly the physical properties of the soils, with the exception of the stability of the aggregates in the soil series Gorbea. The minor effect in the physical properties could happen due to the fact that the period of incubation (75 days) was not sufficient to provoke significant changes in the physical properties of the soils.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88152728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

ÍNDICES DE FITOTOXICIDAD EN RESIDUOS ORGÁNICOS DURANTE EL COMPOSTAJE 堆肥过程中有机废物的植物毒性指数

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912007000100003

M. MaríaTeresaVarnero, A. ClaudiaRojas, R. RobertoOrellana

{"title":"ÍNDICES DE FITOTOXICIDAD EN RESIDUOS ORGÁNICOS DURANTE EL COMPOSTAJE","authors":"M. MaríaTeresaVarnero, A. ClaudiaRojas, R. RobertoOrellana","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912007000100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912007000100003","url":null,"abstract":"Key words: Bioassays, germination index, compost.ABSTRACTThe maturity of compost can be determined using sensitive species to phytotoxic metabolites by germination bioassays. In order to obtain a stabilized and non-phytotoxic product, the phytotoxic compounds must be biodegraded or immobilized during the maturity phase of composting. In this study the sensitivity of lettuce (Lactuca sativa, var. Four Seasons) and radish (Raphanus sativus, var. Cherry Bell) seeds to extracts from composted agroindustrial residues was evaluated.E The extracts were obtained by mixing agroindustrial residues with distilled water in a ratio of 1:5. The agroindustrial residues evaluated were residues of instantaneous coffee (C), a mixture of residues of instantaneous coffee and fresh fruit residues (C+F) and wine residues with broiler manure residues (V+G). The relative germination rates (PGR), relative growth of radicle (CRR) and germination index (IG) were determined for both species. The results showed that radish was more sensitive to phytotoxic compounds than lettuce. V+G showed the highest phytotoxicity for both species according to the germination index. The Chilean Regulation for Compost (INN, 2004) establishes the phytotoxicity level based on the relative germination rate of radish seeds. According to this Regulation only V+G was classified as “phytotoxics free” compost. The germination index was the most sensitive parameter for evaluating the chemical maturity level of composted residues for agricultural use. This index was especially useful for evaluating the phytotoxicity of compost or any organic substrate used for pots. This is due because when plants are grown in pots the effects of phytotoxic compounds are more important than when plants are cultivated in the field.Palabras claves: Bioensayos, indice de germinacion, compost","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"53 1","pages":"28-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86880337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

Effect Of pH, Phosphate and/or Malate on Sulfate Sorption on Andisols pH、磷酸盐和/或苹果酸盐对硫酸吸附和二醇的影响

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912007000100005

M. Pigna, Alejandra A. Jara, M. Mora, A. Violante

{"title":"Effect Of pH, Phosphate and/or Malate on Sulfate Sorption on Andisols","authors":"M. Pigna, Alejandra A. Jara, M. Mora, A. Violante","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912007000100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912007000100005","url":null,"abstract":"Key words: Sulfate, adsorption, Andisol, mineralogical composition, phosphate, malate. ABSTRACTThe sulfate sorption was studied on Andisols with variable mineralogical composition and low organic matter content in presence and absence of phosphate or malate ligands at different pH. Crystalline clay mineralogy was similar for all the studied samples, except for the 2C horizon of the pedon 2, which did not show crystalline minerals. The soil samples showed content of allophane ranging from 16% to 42%. The sulfate adsorption decreased when descending the first 3 horizons (A1, 2A2 and 3Bw1) of the pedon 1. This behavior was attributed to the decreasing organic carbon content. At different pH sulfate sorption was drastically decreased by increasing the pH from 4.0 to 7.0, precisely by 80% for sample 5 to 100% for sample 1. Experiments on the competitive sorption of phosphate and sulfate on volcanic soils were carried out. Sulfate sorption was reduced even in the presence of low concentrations of phosphate ions (phosphate/sulfate molar ratio << 1). Sulfate sorption was influenced by many factors as the organic carbon content, pH, the mineralogical composition of soil samples and the order of sulfate and phosphate addition into the soils. Sulfate competes with phosphate particularly when added before phosphate and at low pH values (pH < 4.5). Phosphate more than malate affected the kinetics of sulfate sorption onto a volcanic soil containing a large amount of allophanic materials.Palabras claves: Sulfato, adsorcion, Andisol, composicion mineralogica, fosfato, malate","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"9 1","pages":"62-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75914752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Produtividade de Milho e de Feijão Consorciados Adubados con Diferentes Formas de Lodo de Esgoto 不同形式污泥施肥玉米和大豆间作产量

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2006-04-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912006000100006

N. ThiagoAssisRodrigues, S. RegynaldoArruda, F. CleidsonSoares, F. IvanaMachado, F. LuizArnaldo

{"title":"Produtividade de Milho e de Feijão Consorciados Adubados con Diferentes Formas de Lodo de Esgoto","authors":"N. ThiagoAssisRodrigues, S. RegynaldoArruda, F. CleidsonSoares, F. IvanaMachado, F. LuizArnaldo","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912006000100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912006000100006","url":null,"abstract":"The sewage sludge, as physical, chemical and biological conditioning of soil properties, has become important organic fertilizer. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the organic fertilization with different sewage sludge on soil fertility and productivity of corn and beans in intercropping systems. The experimental design was a complete randomized blocks with three replicates. The treatments were: soil without fertilization, liming and chemical fertilization, sewage sludge, sewage sludge sanitized with nim, sewage sludge sanitized with lime, sewage sludge and ipomoea composting, sewage sludge and ipomoea composting with rock phosphate, sewage sludge with rock phosphate incorporated at soil, sewage sludge sanitized with nim and rock phosphate incorporated at soil, sewage sludge sanitized with lime and rock phosphate incorporated at soil, sewage sludge and ipomoea composting with rock phosphate incorporated at soil. The data had been submitted to the analysis of variance and test of Scott-Knott at 5% of probability. The application of sewage sludge with lime increased the alkalinity of the soil and, also, the nutrients available for the plants. However, the changes observed in the chemical characteristics of the soil with the application of the biosolid had not influenced the productivity of the cultures of corn and beans in intercropping system.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"32 1","pages":"52-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86406944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Efectos en el Sistema Suelo-Planta Después de Tres Años de Aplicación de Purín de Cerdo como Fertilizante en un Cultivo de Brócoli (Brassica oleracea L.) 在西兰花(甘蓝)栽培中施用猪粪3年后对土壤-植物系统的影响

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2006-04-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912006000100005

C. MiriamLlona, C. AngelFaz

{"title":"Efectos en el Sistema Suelo-Planta Después de Tres Años de Aplicación de Purín de Cerdo como Fertilizante en un Cultivo de Brócoli (Brassica oleracea L.)","authors":"C. MiriamLlona, C. AngelFaz","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912006000100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912006000100005","url":null,"abstract":"Este trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar la dosis de aplicacion correcta de purines de cerdo como fertilizante minimizando sus efectos contaminantes. Para ello se experimento con un cultivo horticola de riego representativo de la zona de estudio. La experiencia, que duro 3 anos, cultivando brocoli, se realizo en 4 parcelas (630 m2) con distintas aplicaciones de purin de cerdo: sin purin y tres dosis de 4,86 L/m2, 11,05 L/m2 y 14,86 L/m2, parcelas control, B, C y D respectivamente. Tras la experiencia, el suelo presenta incrementos importantes en N, P, K y carbono organico, especialmente despues de sucesivas aplicaciones y en dosis altas, ademas, se observa un ligero aumento del pH y un descenso de la conductividad electrica; los oligoelementos experimentan un aumento sin exceder los limites establecidos por la legislacion. La planta presenta aumentos en N, P y K tras sucesivas aplicaciones de purin y en dosis altas, al igual que ocurre con el contenido en oligoelementos y NO3 -; sin embargo, estos valores se encuentran dentro de rangos normales, no sobrepasando lo establecido por la legislacion. La produccion aumenta al incrementar la dosis de purin y en aplicaciones sucesivas, sobrepasando la media de produccion del Valle del Guadalentin.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"35 1","pages":"41-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81353120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Effect of Particle Size and Quality of Pruning Wood Residues of Asian Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia and Pyrus communis) On C-And N-Mineralisation in Soils of Contrasting Textures 亚洲梨(Pyrus pyrifolia和Pyrus communis)残枝粒径和质量对不同质地土壤碳、氮矿化的影响

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2006-04-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912006000100002

F. Matus, J. Retamales, P. Sánchez

{"title":"Effect of Particle Size and Quality of Pruning Wood Residues of Asian Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia and Pyrus communis) On C-And N-Mineralisation in Soils of Contrasting Textures","authors":"F. Matus, J. Retamales, P. Sánchez","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912006000100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912006000100002","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory incubation study (22 o C ± 2 oC) with pruning residues of Asian pear (P. pyrifolia, cv. Hosui) was carried out to determine the effects of residue particle size (< 0.5 mm, 0.5-2 mm and 2-4 mm), residue quality (defined as C-to-N ratio, and total fibre content of each size class) and soil texture on C- and N-mineralisation in two Chilean soils. Particle size had a significat impact on C-mineralisation; however, no differences were observed for N-mineralisation. After 10 days of incubation, particles < 0.5 mm evolved more C-CO 2 than medium (0.5-2 mm) and coarse particles. Thereafter, no significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed for the smaller particles, while coarse sizes showed low C-CO 2 evolution during the all incubation period, except at the last sampling where C-CO 2 tended to be similar than < 0.5 and 2-4 mm particles. The higher C-CO 2 evolved from the smallest particles coincided with their low C-to-N ratio and low fibre content. There was no effect of soil texture on C and N-mineralisation. These results were explained on the basis of residue quality rather than soil type.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72799279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Restauración de suelos contaminados por medio de procesos microbiológicos y enzimáticos 通过微生物和酶的过程修复受污染的土壤

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2006-04-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912006000100004

L. Gianfreda, M. Mora, M. C. Diez

{"title":"Restauración de suelos contaminados por medio de procesos microbiológicos y enzimáticos","authors":"L. Gianfreda, M. Mora, M. C. Diez","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912006000100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912006000100004","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years, a high number of highly toxic compounds have been released into theenvironment because of several industrial and/or agricultural activities. Typical organicchemicals include pesticides, fuels, solvents, alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, explosives, and dyes while inorganiccontaminants are mainly represented by toxic heavy metals.Contamination of soil, surface and ground water by organic pollutants is a problem ofgreat environmental concern in several countries. Furthermore, a complex pollution includingmore than one pollutant and also toxic metals may accumulate in the environment thusbeing a point of major concern for both a toxicological risk assessment of contaminatedfield sites and to study the feasibility of bioremediation technologies to remediatecontaminated soils.Intrinsic biodegradation is one of the natural attenuation phenomena, which may occurat the contaminated soil and contribute to its remediation (Figure 1). Indeed, most of pollutingchemicals have been proven to be transformed by microbial organisms (Alexander, 1985;Cerniglia, 1992; Alexander, 1994). Their susceptibility to biodegradation may, however,change drastically, depending on several factors related to the chemical and physicalproperties of both the chemical and the environment in which they are present.Although much experimental evidence supports the capability of microorganisms tobiodegrade organic pollutants, several sites are still strongly contaminated, indicating ahigh persistence of these compounds under field conditions.Several strategies have been devised to remediate and restore polluted environments:physical and chemical methods and biological approaches, requiring the involvement ofbiological agents (Adriano et al., 1999; Alexander, 1985, 19994; Bollag and Liu, 1990; Bollagand Bollag, 1995; Bouwer and Zender, 1993; Cerniglia, 1992; Edgehill, 1999; Edgehill et al.,1991,Gevao et al., 2000;","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"44 1","pages":"20-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87537082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Efecto de la Aplicación de Herbicidas en Condiciones de Campo Sobre Algunas Actividades Biológicas 田间施用除草剂对某些生物活性的影响

Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal Pub Date : 2006-04-01 DOI: 10.4067/S0718-27912006000100007

Z. MarysolAlvear, E. RoxanaLópez, G. AnalíRosas, N. NelsonEspinoza

{"title":"Efecto de la Aplicación de Herbicidas en Condiciones de Campo Sobre Algunas Actividades Biológicas","authors":"Z. MarysolAlvear, E. RoxanaLópez, G. AnalíRosas, N. NelsonEspinoza","doi":"10.4067/S0718-27912006000100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27912006000100007","url":null,"abstract":"Se realizo un ensayo en un suelo Andisol de la IX Region con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de diferentes herbicidas aplicados en cultivos anuales tradicionales sobre las actividades biologicas del suelo. Los cultivos y herbicidas aplicados en cada caso correspondieron a trigo-MCPA+metsulfuron-metil, lupino-simazina, raps-trifluralina y un testigo sin aplicacion de herbicidas. En general, todas las actividades biologicas fueron afectadas negativamente por los distintos tratamientos de herbicidas (p< 0,05) en el primer y segundo muestreo respecto al testigo. Entre las actividades generales, el C y N biomasico fueron afectados negativamente por la trifluralina y el MCPA+metsulfuron-metil, mientras que la dehidrogenasa fue afectada significativamente en relacion al testigo en el primer y segundo muestreo, recuperandose en el ultimo muestreo. Entre las actividades biologicas especificas la fosfatasa acida fue afectada por simazina, trifluralina y MCPA+metsulfuron-metil, mientras que la ureasa presento una reduccion significativa en el tercer y cuarto muestreo respecto al testigo. En general, las actividades enzimaticas fueron tambien afectadas por el cultivo de cada tratamiento, siendo necesario seguir estudiando la relacion entre las actividades enzimaticas y los diferentes manejos agricolas incluyendo la aplicacion de herbicidas.","PeriodicalId":54472,"journal":{"name":"Revista De La Ciencia Del Suelo Y Nutricion Vegetal","volume":"36 1","pages":"64-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84915109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10