{"title":"Evaluation of Vibroacoustic Performance of a Multilayered Submersible Hull using Energy Finite Element Analysis","authors":"Sungmin Lee, Nickolas Vlahopoulos, Robert M. Koch","doi":"10.1007/s40857-025-00368-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-025-00368-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Energy finite element analysis (EFEA) is a numerical technique that computes the vibration and the sound radiated from complex structures at higher frequencies where conventional finite element methods cannot operate efficiently. In order to advance the use of EFEA for evaluating the vibroacoustic characteristics of a full-scale underwater vehicle, we developed a capability that accounts for multiple decoupling layers attached on the outer hull of the submerged vehicle during the structural–acoustic computations. A development for modeling the exterior non-reverberant acoustic domain was also completed. The outer hull is modeled as a wave-bearing domain that carries bending, longitudinal, and in-plane shear waves. Each decoupling layer is modeled as a wave-bearing domain containing dilatational and shear waves. All wave fields in the aforementioned domains are considered as reverberant. The external fluid is modeled using the non-reverberant acoustic formulation. The coupling between waves in adjacent wave-bearing domains is considered by creating joints at the interfaces between them. EFEA results for a representative multilayered hull system under external or internal excitation are compared to two-dimensional analytical solutions. An analysis for a generic but representative bow sonar dome is also performed and its vibroacoustic response to an external excitation is calculated using the developed EFEA modeling capability. Subsequent simulations demonstrate how modifications in the material properties of the multiple decoupling layers impact the energy distribution within the vehicle system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"54 :","pages":"29 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40857-025-00368-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148011904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Underwater Source Localization Using Metamodel and Optimization Method","authors":"Jiang Liu, Sheng Li","doi":"10.1007/s40857-025-00365-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-025-00365-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditional strategies of metamodel construction have been applied to regression problems and demonstrated excellent performance in data requirements, accuracy, and noise robustness in recent years. Moreover, underwater source localization is also regarded as a regression problem. Therefore, the metamodeling approach is introduced to underwater source localization to address the lack of noise robustness, environmental mismatch, and difficulties in data acquisition in localization methods. The source localization problem is formulated as a regression modeling and optimization process, realized through the metamodel and optimization method (MMOP). Within this framework, the metamodel takes the source position as input and the feature values of normalized sample covariance matrix (SCM) of the pressure data as output. The source position is subsequently estimated by minimizing the differences between the predicted and actual feature values. The MMOP algorithm is evaluated against the feedforward neural network (FNN) algorithm and the matched field processing (MFP) algorithm through simulations and experiments. Simulation environment and experimental datasets are sourced from the SWellEx-96 experiment. Results indicate that the MMOP surpasses both FNN and MFP in localization accuracy. Additionally, the influence of signal bandwidth, array element configuration, snapshot number, and training data size on MMOP performance is analyzed, accompanied by strategies to enhance the algorithm’s performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"54 :","pages":"115 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148012005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kannan, M. C. Sanjana, G. Latha, G. Raguraman, M. Arul Muthiah
{"title":"Anthropogenic Impact on Bottlenose Dolphin Whistle Characteristics in the Highly Maritime-Active Eastern Arabian Sea","authors":"R. Kannan, M. C. Sanjana, G. Latha, G. Raguraman, M. Arul Muthiah","doi":"10.1007/s40857-025-00366-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-025-00366-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This acoustic investigation aims to shed light on the whistle characteristics of bottlenose dolphins (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>) in the Eastern Arabian Sea, an area experiencing increased maritime activity. The study analyses five whistle contour types, comparing their acoustic parameters during data collection periods between November 2020 and May 2021 using the Deepwater Ambient Noise Measurement System (DANMS), both with and without ship noise. Ships' presence caused signs of altered acoustic behaviour of dolphins to shift the frequencies of their whistles to higher ranges and to lengthen their duration, with a noticeable reduction in complexity. Statistical analyses confirmed the significant effects of maritime activity on the whistle characteristics of bottlenose dolphins. These findings highlight the need for ambient noise monitoring at this site to further understand and address the impact of ship noise on these dolphins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"54 :","pages":"103 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148011850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Wang, Zhien Liu, Wan Chen, Chihua Lu, Yi Sun, Ying Wang
{"title":"Pilot Study on Active Noise Control for Vehicle Interior Wind Noise","authors":"Tao Wang, Zhien Liu, Wan Chen, Chihua Lu, Yi Sun, Ying Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40857-025-00367-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-025-00367-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Automobile wind noise is one of the main noise sources of new energy vehicles. Active noise control (ANC) technology has mature solutions in the fields of engine order noise and road noise control. Therefore, this paper explores the methods of active control of wind noise. Firstly, simulation analysis and bench verification were carried out for the feedforward and feedback systems. Secondly, a modified FxLMS-based ANC system using secondary path equalization method was proposed. With colored noise signals and real vehicle wind noise signals as inputs, respectively, a comparative analysis was conducted with the conventional FxLMS system, subband system and frequency-domain system. Subsequently, the principal component analysis method was adopted, combined with the fisher information matrix method and the genetic algorithm to select the reference signal, respectively. Through the simulation of the wind noise of real vehicles, it was found that when the signal selected by the genetic algorithm was used as the input, the system noise reduction was 5.11 dB(A), which was higher than that of the fisher information matrix method. Finally, real vehicle experiments were conducted based on the proposed modified system and the reference signals obtained by the two methods. The results show that when the reference signal set selected by the genetic algorithm is used as the input, the noise reduction amount of the system is higher than that of the fisher information matrix method, both reaching more than 1.55 dB(A).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"54 :","pages":"77 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148011907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acoustic Black Hole Pillars for Noise Reduction in a Resonant Cavity Filled with Heavy Fluid","authors":"Junjun Li, Jie Deng, Oriol Guasch","doi":"10.1007/s40857-025-00360-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-025-00360-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the reduction of sound radiation by beams with attached acoustic black hole (ABH) pillars in resonant cavities filled with heavy fluids (e.g., water) and light fluids (e.g., air). Fluid–structure interaction systems, particularly those involving heavy fluids, present significant challenges for vibration control and noise reduction. While traditional passive control methods often fail to provide effective suppression across a broad frequency range, ABHs have shown considerable potential in mitigating both vibration and acoustic radiation. The paper analyzes the underlying mechanisms driving the behavior of the coupled system, focusing on the effects of local resonances and the acoustic impedance mismatch between the structure and surrounding fluid. The problem is examined using a displacement/acoustic displacement formulation, which is validated through comparison with finite element method simulations. The results suggest that ABH pillars offer a promising solution for noise control in submerged structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"53 3","pages":"387 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kiri Mealings, Luke Halvorsen, Catherine M. McMahon
{"title":"A Scoping Review of How Classroom Environments and Activities Affect Listening, Learning, and Wellbeing in First Nations Children: Applying the L3 Assessment Framework","authors":"Kiri Mealings, Luke Halvorsen, Catherine M. McMahon","doi":"10.1007/s40857-025-00364-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-025-00364-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>First Nations people have a strong oral culture and much to contribute to society. However, they are often faced by educational challenges such as hearing loss from otitis media, learning in a language other than their home language, and learning in a classroom environment that is different to their culture. The aim of this paper was to review the literature on how classroom environments and activities impact listening, learning, and wellbeing in First Nations school children using the Listen to Learn for Life Assessment Framework and identify knowledge gaps. The PRISMA-ScR review strategy involved a search of review papers and studies. Only six papers were found in total, showing the need for future research to be conducted in many areas of the Listen to Learn for Life Assessment Framework. The review did reveal that First Nations children’s speech-in-noise recognition is poorer for those from more remote locations and with lower socio-educational advantage, and poorer for a tonal Indigenous language compared to English. Therefore, it would be beneficial to ensure classrooms are acoustically insulated and treated, and that the noise from the children is controlled by the teacher where possible. A positive finding was the benefit of teachers using sound-field amplification systems which improved children’s listening and learning. Therefore, it would be beneficial for these systems to be installed in all classrooms that have First Nations children present.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"54 :","pages":"159 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148011965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vibroacoustic Behaviour of a Fluid-Filled Baffled Cylindrical Shell Submerged in a Shallow-Water Waveguide","authors":"Jamie Kha, Mahmoud Karimi, Laurent Maxit","doi":"10.1007/s40857-025-00358-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-025-00358-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An analytical method for predicting the forced vibroacoustic response of a fluid-filled baffled cylindrical shell submerged in a shallow-water waveguide is presented. The structural equations are governed by a thin shell theory that is decomposed into circumferential modes with a Fourier series and axial modes using a beam function. Heavy fluid fills the exterior and interior domains of the shell. The exterior fluid domain is further constrained by acoustic boundaries of an upper free surface and lower rigid bottom, which together form an ideal shallow-water waveguide. The acoustic boundaries are enforced by employing the image source method and Graf’s addition theorem which reconciles the differing coordinate systems of the many image sources that appear in the analytical expressions for the fluid–structure coupling. Vibroacoustic characteristics due to a mechanical point excitation on the surface of the shell or acoustic excitation from an internal monopole source and influence of different waveguide depths are investigated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"53 3","pages":"369 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40857-025-00358-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Study on the Acoustic Scattering Characteristics and Classification of Typical Freshwater Fish and Crustacean Species","authors":"Jianbing Xiong, Fulin Zhou, Zhongkai Wang, Mingda Li, Jun Fan, Zilong Peng","doi":"10.1007/s40857-025-00362-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-025-00362-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the acoustic scattering characteristics and classification of four freshwater species (<i>Channa argus</i>, <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>, <i>Homarus americanus</i>, and <i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>) using neural networks. Standard underwater acoustic measurements yield full-aspect horizontal scattering data from controlled tank experiments. Time-domain analysis extracts key echo features including highlight count, amplitude, time-delay differences, and pulse-width broadening, while Radon transform imaging reveals structure-scattering correlations. Frequency domain reveals interspecies differences in acoustic target strength by analyzing frequency-dependent scattering characteristics across different frequencies and incident angles. Statistical analysis demonstrates that the target strength distributions of the four freshwater species generally follow <span>(chi^{2})</span> patterns. Finally, we propose a classification method based on time–frequency-domain acoustic scattering characteristics of biological targets. A backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model incorporating these time–frequency-domain scattering characteristics achieves 95% classification accuracy. This study conducts neural network classification research based on multidimensional acoustic scattering characteristics of aquatic biological targets, extending the applications of acoustic technology in fisheries exploration and aquaculture industries. The work will provide new methodological insights for deep integration of neural networks with aquaculture practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"53 3","pages":"403 - 417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shubham Kumar, Akhilesh Mimani, Shashi Kumar, Yogesh G. Bhumkar
{"title":"A Hybrid Computational Flow-Induced Noise and Phase-Conjugation Techniques for Low Reynolds Numbers","authors":"Shubham Kumar, Akhilesh Mimani, Shashi Kumar, Yogesh G. Bhumkar","doi":"10.1007/s40857-025-00361-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-025-00361-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a framework comprising a hybrid computational flow-induced noise solver and finite-element-based phase-conjugation (PC) technique to analyze noise sources generated by bodies immersed in hydrodynamic flow fields at low Reynolds number (<i>Re</i>). The test-cases considered include a bluff and streamlined body, represented by a two-dimensional circular cylinder at <i>Re</i> = 150 and a NACA0012 airfoil at <i>Re</i> = 5000 oriented at <span>(text {5}^circ )</span> angle of attack, respectively. The hybrid computational flow-induced noise algorithm first resolves the hydrodynamic field using the unsteady pressure implicit splitting of operators (PISO) solver for incompressible Navier–Stokes (NS) equations, which delivers the near-field surface pressure fluctuations (SPF) that are used in the frequency-domain implementation of Curle’s analogy to predict the far-field noise. The vortex shedding plots, lift, and drag spectrum predicted by the PISO solver were in excellent agreement with the computationally expensive direct numerical simulations (DNS). The far-field sound directivity obtained using the SPF in Curle’s analogy and DNS-based prediction were in excellent agreement for the Aeolian tone, while for low-frequency tonal noise emitted from airfoil trailing edge (TE), Curle’s analogy prediction was only approximate. Next, using the boundary data obtained from the hybrid approach, PC was implemented to localize the flow-induced acoustic sources, whereby a pair of focal spots above and below the cylinder and TE revealed the dipole nature at the vortex shedding frequency. However, when the airfoil was modeled, cardioid-shaped focal spots were obtained between the mid-chord and TE due to diffraction of back-propagated waves delivering the reconstructed scattered source location.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"53 3","pages":"341 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}