Zhipeng Zeng, Shuang Huang, Hui Guo, Tao Yuan, Ningning Liu, Pei Sun
{"title":"Vehicle Interior Multi-Zone Sound Field Reproduction with Uncertain Disturbance of Acoustic Transfer Function","authors":"Zhipeng Zeng, Shuang Huang, Hui Guo, Tao Yuan, Ningning Liu, Pei Sun","doi":"10.1007/s40857-025-00346-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-025-00346-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multi-zone sound field reproduction uses the loudspeaker array to divide the space into different zones, which is a sound field control method to meet the different requirements of listeners in each zone. Since the vehicle interior is a small and enclosed space, the disturbance of acoustic transfer function (ATF) caused by scattering and reverberation in the acoustic environment and external noise will greatly affect the control effect. Certain predictable and measurable disturbances of ATF can be solved through error modeling or active control. However, due to the presence of disturbances that cannot be measured in advance, the effect of multi-zone sound field reproduction is barely satisfactory. In this paper, the maximum normalized recovery control (MNRC) is proposed to improve the robustness of multi-zone sound field reproduction. By measuring ATF in the actual car and calculating the expected ATF, the magnitude variation range of ATF is confirmed. Then, through normalizing the maximum value of the ATF matrix before being disturbed, the transmission characteristics are preserved, allowing for good multi-zone sound field reproduction performance even in the presence of unpredictable disturbances. The MNRC method does not require any error parameters of uncertain disturbance except for its amplitude variation range, reducing the preliminary preparation work for multi-zone sound field reproduction. Through simulation and experimental verification, the results show that when controlling the disturbed sound field, the MNRC method has a significant improvement compared to classic multi-zone sound field reproduction method. Furthermore, the performance in certain frequency bands is even better than the effect before being disturbed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"53 1","pages":"113 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prediction of Aerodynamic Noise of a Traction Induction Motor Using Methods of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Lighthill Acoustic Analogy","authors":"Xu Zheng, Yanhong Sun, Yong Yu, Chi Liu, Yi Qiu","doi":"10.1007/s40857-024-00344-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-024-00344-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traction induction motors (TIMs) are widely used in electrically powered railway vehicles. TIMs can generate significant noise during operation, which has become one of the primary noise sources for railway vehicles. In this paper, a purposely designed experiment was conducted to characterize the acoustic performance of a TIM based on the comparison of speed up and power off conditions. It was found that aerodynamic noise was dominant at speeds higher than 3000 r/min (3000 rotations per minute) and the main component of the aerodynamic noise was the 48th order (48 times the rotation frequency), which was related to the 48 conductors in the air-gap. To simulate the aerodynamic noise of the TIM, a computational fluid dynamics model was developed to calculate the flow field of the TIM. Lighthill acoustic analogy was then applied to calculate the noise due to the acoustic sources induced by the flow. Compared to the method with Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings acoustic analogy, the proposed method improved the accuracy in predicting the aerodynamic noise, and allowed to quantify the contribution to the aerodynamic noise of TIMs from a variety of acoustic excitation sources. The results showed that the excitation sources adjacent to the rotational air gap contributed the most to the motor’s aerodynamic noise. The proposed method was proven to be an efficient approach for optimal design of the TIM aerodynamic noise by identifying the main excitation sources and offered valuable insights for prediction of aerodynamic noise of other types of induction motors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"53 1","pages":"99 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Scoping Review of Noise Transmission from Outdoors into Classrooms: Factors, Impacts and Mitigation Strategies","authors":"Surabhi M. Mendhe, Amit M. Deshmukh","doi":"10.1007/s40857-024-00343-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-024-00343-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effective communication between teachers and students is vital for successful learning, but outdoor noise can disrupt classroom acoustics and hinder this process. Despite growing research on classroom acoustics, gaps remain in understanding how factors like environmental noise, building design, and classroom acoustics interact to affect learning environments. This scoping review aims to systematically synthesize existing literature on the transmission of outdoor noise into classrooms. It explores the sources and factors that contribute to noise transmission, examines how the classroom acoustic properties that influence the impact of transmitted noise on occupants, and reviews effective mitigation strategies. The review analysed 33 peer-reviewed papers from 2003 to 2023, retrieved from Web of Science and Science Direct using the keywords <i>Classroom acoustics</i> AND <i>Outdoor noise</i>. Included studies that met criteria such as focusing on outdoor noise in mainstream classrooms and being published in English peer-reviewed journals. Traffic, aircraft, and railway noise were identified as major sources, with traffic peaking in the morning and afternoon. Building design, façade insulation, and ventilation influenced noise transmission exacerbated by proximity to noise sources. Poor acoustic properties like high reverberation time reduce speech clarity and increase background noise, affecting students' cognitive performance and teachers' vocal health. Mitigating strategies for noise include improved façade insulation, noise barriers, and window placement. This review also identifies gaps in current research, particularly regarding the combined effects of architectural elements such as building shape, height, and façade ratio. Future studies should explore how these factors interact to develop more effective noise management strategies in school. Implementing these strategies will enhance classroom acoustics, benefiting its occupants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"53 1","pages":"159 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Variation in the Acoustic Response of the Karadeniz Kemenche Depending on the Thickness of the Soundboard","authors":"Akın Oktav","doi":"10.1007/s40857-024-00345-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-024-00345-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The variation in the acoustic response of the Karadeniz kemenche, a bowed string musical instrument, depending on the thickness of the soundboard is investigated. The most important challenge in obtaining an updated model for the musical instruments is the uncertainties arising from the orthotropic wood materials used. A model update procedure is implemented to resolve uncertainties in the mechanical properties of materials. The model is updated and complemented through an experimental modal analysis study. An analytical solution for the calculation of acoustic mode frequencies is implemented. A vibroacoustic analysis is performed to model the fluid–structure interaction. An acoustic response analysis is conducted by applying the experimentally measured nonlinear triaxial acceleration signal to the bridge of the musical instrument to simulate the slip–stick behaviour of the bow. Finally, the effect of soundboard thickness on the amplitude of acoustic pressure is examined. It is revealed that the amplitude of acoustic pressure substantially increases at the resonances that appeared at 340 Hz and 900 Hz, when the thickness of soundboard is 2.1 mm, and the amplitudes of pitch frequencies are observed to be higher in a broadband range. When the thickness of the soundboard of the instrument is 1.7 mm, it is seen that the amplitude of the pitch frequency of 1040 Hz increases significantly, and thus, it can produce a higher-pitched sound. When the soundboard thickness of the instrument is 2.9 mm, a strong pitch frequency of around 700 Hz can be obtained, according to the results of the studied model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"53 1","pages":"83 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter Jordan Scally, Maximilian Balestri, Theodore Brian Jenkins, Simon John Drew, Pawel Podsiadlo
{"title":"Accelerometer Mounting on Piping Systems: Experimental Study on a 20-mm-Diameter Curved Surface","authors":"Peter Jordan Scally, Maximilian Balestri, Theodore Brian Jenkins, Simon John Drew, Pawel Podsiadlo","doi":"10.1007/s40857-024-00339-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-024-00339-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assessments of vibration signals measured on surfaces of piping systems are essential in prevention of vibration-induced failures. Magnets, piezoelectric accelerometers, and hand-held vibration analysers are typically used for those assessments. <i>ISO 5348–2021 “Mechanical Vibration and Shock—Mechanical mounting of accelerometers</i>” provides a guideline of the correct mounting of accelerometers on flat surfaces. However, it offers limited information regarding the mounting of accelerometers on curved surfaces. This technical note focusses on the mounting of accelerometers on 20-mm-diameter curved surfaces. Experimental studies with sinusoidal signals were conducted using magnetic and non-magnetic metallic materials, small and large accelerometers and six common mounting methods, i.e. beeswax, cyanoacrylate glue, dual-rail magnet, flat magnet, hand-held and thin double-sided tape. For each mounting method, a frequency response plot of the relative sensitivity of the test accelerometer with respect to the reference accelerometers was obtained for frequencies ranging from 2 Hz to 10 kHz. The plots were used to determine mounting frequency limits by identifying points that deviate more than 3 dB from the reference sensitivity. For magnetic curved surfaces, the dual-rail magnet and glue methods exhibited the highest frequency limits. For non-magnetic curved surfaces, a thin strip of double-sided tape was required, but it only worked for small accelerometers. Hand holding an accelerometer is not recommended. Future work is needed for transient signals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"53 1","pages":"139 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Data Compression of Acoustic Signals in Rail Using Sparse Decomposition and Kurtosis-Guided Resampling","authors":"Guodong Yue, Jie Huang, Maobo Xiao, Dazhi Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40857-024-00337-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-024-00337-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the rapid advancement of modern railway technology, remote monitoring of rail safety has become increasingly important. The acoustic signal in the rail has become a key method for remote monitoring due to its long propagation distance and high speed. However, these acoustic signals face the challenge of large data volumes before transmission, necessitating effective compression. In this study, an innovative acoustic signal data dimension reduction method is proposed for acoustic emission signals with periodic pulse characteristics and narrow-band frequency domain features generated by wheel damage. It integrates sparse decomposition and kurtosis-guided resampling to compress these signals. The aim is to reduce the training time and dimensionality of the learning dictionary, thereby achieving sparse representation of the acoustic signal in the rail. In this method, the impact interval is determined using sliding window technology, and the data between adjacent impacts are down-sampled to significantly reduce the amount of signal data while retaining key impact characteristics. Furthermore, a Hankel matrix is used to organize the data after dimensionality reduction to optimize the subsequent sparse decomposition process. Using finite element simulation and experimental verification of service lines, this study systematically discusses the influence of various parameters on sparse decomposition and signal reconstruction. The experimental results show that, compared to the discrete cosine transform, wavelet compression algorithm, and piecewise aggregate approximation method, the proposed method not only retains the impact characteristics of the original acoustic signal but also achieves a higher compression ratio, demonstrating excellent performance and broad engineering application prospects. This study provides a novel and efficient signal processing technology for rail safety monitoring, contributing to the further development of railway safety monitoring technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"53 1","pages":"65 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
César Abraham Luna Estrada, Alejandro Cuauhtémoc Ramírez Reivich
{"title":"Statistical Energy Analysis of Membrane-Type Acoustic Metamaterials in Double Wall Arrangements","authors":"César Abraham Luna Estrada, Alejandro Cuauhtémoc Ramírez Reivich","doi":"10.1007/s40857-024-00338-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-024-00338-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acoustic insulation has been a longstanding challenge, persisting into the 21st century despite theoretical advancements, notably in sectors like vehicular refinement. Structural density constraints have posed significant setbacks, driving the emergence of promising solutions such as metamaterials, particularly local resonance metamaterials, which have overcome prior limitations. These advancements have unveiled new possibilities, including membrane-type metamaterials and double-wall arrays, demonstrating encouraging results for acoustic insulation in lightweight structures. Concurrently, recent studies have explored numerical methods and analytical models to understand the behavior of vibroacoustic systems based on metamaterials. Despite promising advancements, further work is needed to develop analysis methods that comprehensively describe the behavior of these emerging noise control systems, particularly within the context of product development. Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) stands out as a crucial technique in refining vibracoustic requirements and specifications during development schemes, contributing significantly to enhancing the quality, performance, and reliability of the final product. In the realm of metamaterial mechanics, coupling loss factors quantify the efficiency of energy transfer between subsystems. Various methods have been proposed for wave propagation analysis in metamaterials, notably the Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method and the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM), each presenting advantages and disadvantages with implications for industrial applications. To address this, researchers have sought models to establish transmission factors for metamaterials, balancing simplifications with precision in vibroacoustic response description. Notably, efforts have been made to describe coupling loss factors in metamaterials, yet challenges persist in addressing acoustic volume interaction. This work aims to present a method for calculating coupling loss factors in acoustic insulation systems based on metamaterials within double-wall arrays, using a Potential-Dissipative Transmission Model (PDTM) with concentrated parameters. The study concludes that integrating the PDTM with SEA achieves a remarkable level of numerical precision in analyzing membrane-type metamaterials within double-wall configurations, particularly at operational frequencies exceeding membrane resonance. While acknowledging potential alternatives, such as hybridizing the TMM with impedance characterization, the PDTM shows promising initial approximations. Further exploration is warranted, particularly in refining methodologies for industrial applications, emphasizing the scalability and robustness of PDTM-based models. Notably, the PDTM demonstrates remarkable sensitivity in estimating metamaterial resonance frequencies, although efficacy may reduce near cavity resonance perturbations. Careful consideration of analytical methodology selection, especially concerni","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"53 1","pages":"47 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abundance Distribution Pattern of Zooplankton Associated with the Eastern Arabian Sea Monsoon System as Detected by Underwater Acoustics and Net Sampling","authors":"Shirin J. Jadhav, B. R. Smitha","doi":"10.1007/s40857-024-00336-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-024-00336-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The abundance distribution pattern of zooplankton associated with the pre-upwelling and late-upwelling phase is assessed for the eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) summer system, using vessel-mounted moving Acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and the in situ zooplankton samples collected using plankton nets. The distribution pattern of zooplankton is observed to be regulated by physical factors such as coastal upwelling, circulation patterns, mesoscale eddies, regional stratification, the presence of subsurface chlorophyll-a maximum, etc. during different phases of the upwelling cycle. The volume backscattering strength, a proximate factor for the zooplankton biomass, is computed after deriving the appropriate sound absorption coefficient, slant range, and backscatter noise. The linear relation derived by enumerating the backscatter-to-zooplankton biomass relationship was stronger during the pre-upwelling phase (<i>r</i> = 0.58) but weaker during the late-upwelling phase (<i>r</i> = 0.25). The findings underscore the potential of ADCP backscatter as a reliable indicator of zooplankton biomass within the mixed layer depth of the EAS, especially in the stable, calm, early summer season. The derived equations for estimating biomass are log(B) = 5.39 + 0.05 <i> Sv</i> for pre-upwelling and log(B) = 3.10 + 0.02 <i> Sv</i> for late-upwelling. The reduced correlation later suggests that environmental changes, such as zooplankton size and composition shifts, may affect ADCP’s detection threshold, necessitating careful interpretation. The study shows fish larvae act as dominant scatterers due to their gas-bearing properties, reliably indicating proxies for zooplankton abundance across both upwelling phases. Fluid-like and elastic-shelled scatterers vary between phases, reflecting shifts in zooplankton composition and their impact on acoustic backscatter. The analysis of ADCP backscatter data tracks diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton with significant concentrations at depths of up to approximately 80 m during night-time. This study identifies distinct vertical migration velocities with zooplankton ascending in the range of 7.2 cm/s during dusk and descending at 7.7 cm/s during dawn.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"53 1","pages":"25 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drone Noise Management in New Zealand","authors":"Jeremy Trevathan, Rewa Satory, Joshua Luscombe","doi":"10.1007/s40857-024-00335-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40857-024-00335-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of unmanned aerial vehicles continues to progress at pace. While these devices have been primarily used in research and hobby applications to date, there are increasing development efforts by companies interested in commercial applications where ‘drones’ would more commonly be deployed and encountered in the community. This paper considers the regulation of drone noise in the context of New Zealand’s Resource Management Act and seeks to examine how well the approaches traditionally used by acoustical engineers to quantify and manage environmental noise will cope with the widespread commercial use of drones. Drawing on recent experience providing advice to the aerospace sector in New Zealand, examples of the types of vertical and horizonal take-off drones which appear set for relatively imminent commercial use in New Zealand are discussed in general terms, along with indicative sound power levels and applications for these devices. How those situations may be managed in a typical District Plan context is then examined, along with the relevance of the concepts outlined in NZS6802:2008 Acoustics—Environmental Noise, NZS6805:1992 Airport Noise Management and Land Use Planning, NZS6807:1994 Noise Management and Land Use Planning for Helicopter Landing Areas, and case law such as Dome Valley District Residents’ Society v Rodney District Council.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"52 3","pages":"339 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}