{"title":"A Scoping Review of Noise Transmission from Outdoors into Classrooms: Factors, Impacts and Mitigation Strategies","authors":"Surabhi M. Mendhe, Amit M. Deshmukh","doi":"10.1007/s40857-024-00343-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effective communication between teachers and students is vital for successful learning, but outdoor noise can disrupt classroom acoustics and hinder this process. Despite growing research on classroom acoustics, gaps remain in understanding how factors like environmental noise, building design, and classroom acoustics interact to affect learning environments. This scoping review aims to systematically synthesize existing literature on the transmission of outdoor noise into classrooms. It explores the sources and factors that contribute to noise transmission, examines how the classroom acoustic properties that influence the impact of transmitted noise on occupants, and reviews effective mitigation strategies. The review analysed 33 peer-reviewed papers from 2003 to 2023, retrieved from Web of Science and Science Direct using the keywords <i>Classroom acoustics</i> AND <i>Outdoor noise</i>. Included studies that met criteria such as focusing on outdoor noise in mainstream classrooms and being published in English peer-reviewed journals. Traffic, aircraft, and railway noise were identified as major sources, with traffic peaking in the morning and afternoon. Building design, façade insulation, and ventilation influenced noise transmission exacerbated by proximity to noise sources. Poor acoustic properties like high reverberation time reduce speech clarity and increase background noise, affecting students' cognitive performance and teachers' vocal health. Mitigating strategies for noise include improved façade insulation, noise barriers, and window placement. This review also identifies gaps in current research, particularly regarding the combined effects of architectural elements such as building shape, height, and façade ratio. Future studies should explore how these factors interact to develop more effective noise management strategies in school. Implementing these strategies will enhance classroom acoustics, benefiting its occupants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54355,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics Australia","volume":"53 1","pages":"159 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Acoustics Australia","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40857-024-00343-x","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Effective communication between teachers and students is vital for successful learning, but outdoor noise can disrupt classroom acoustics and hinder this process. Despite growing research on classroom acoustics, gaps remain in understanding how factors like environmental noise, building design, and classroom acoustics interact to affect learning environments. This scoping review aims to systematically synthesize existing literature on the transmission of outdoor noise into classrooms. It explores the sources and factors that contribute to noise transmission, examines how the classroom acoustic properties that influence the impact of transmitted noise on occupants, and reviews effective mitigation strategies. The review analysed 33 peer-reviewed papers from 2003 to 2023, retrieved from Web of Science and Science Direct using the keywords Classroom acoustics AND Outdoor noise. Included studies that met criteria such as focusing on outdoor noise in mainstream classrooms and being published in English peer-reviewed journals. Traffic, aircraft, and railway noise were identified as major sources, with traffic peaking in the morning and afternoon. Building design, façade insulation, and ventilation influenced noise transmission exacerbated by proximity to noise sources. Poor acoustic properties like high reverberation time reduce speech clarity and increase background noise, affecting students' cognitive performance and teachers' vocal health. Mitigating strategies for noise include improved façade insulation, noise barriers, and window placement. This review also identifies gaps in current research, particularly regarding the combined effects of architectural elements such as building shape, height, and façade ratio. Future studies should explore how these factors interact to develop more effective noise management strategies in school. Implementing these strategies will enhance classroom acoustics, benefiting its occupants.
师生之间的有效沟通对于成功的学习至关重要，但室外噪音会破坏教室的音响效果，阻碍这一过程。尽管对教室声学的研究越来越多，但在理解环境噪声、建筑设计和教室声学等因素如何相互作用影响学习环境方面仍然存在差距。这篇范围综述旨在系统地综合现有的关于室外噪音进入教室的文献。它探讨了噪音传播的来源和因素，研究了教室的声学特性如何影响传播噪音对居住者的影响，并回顾了有效的缓解策略。该研究分析了2003年至2023年的33篇同行评议论文，检索自Web of Science和Science Direct，关键词是教室声学和室外噪音。包括符合标准的研究，如关注主流教室的室外噪音，并发表在英语同行评审期刊上。交通、飞机和铁路噪声被确定为主要噪声源，交通在上午和下午达到高峰。建筑设计、立面隔热和通风都会影响噪音的传播，而靠近噪声源则会加剧噪音的传播。混响时间过长等声学特性差，降低了语音清晰度，增加了背景噪声，影响了学生的认知能力和教师的发声健康。减轻噪音的策略包括改善立面隔热、隔音屏障和窗户的安置。这篇综述还指出了当前研究中的差距，特别是关于建筑元素（如建筑形状、高度和立面比）的综合影响。未来的研究应探讨这些因素如何相互作用，以制定更有效的学校噪音管理策略。实施这些策略将提高教室的声学效果，使其使用者受益。
期刊介绍：
Acoustics Australia, the journal of the Australian Acoustical Society, has been publishing high quality research and technical papers in all areas of acoustics since commencement in 1972. The target audience for the journal includes both researchers and practitioners. It aims to publish papers and technical notes that are relevant to current acoustics and of interest to members of the Society. These include but are not limited to: Architectural and Building Acoustics, Environmental Noise, Underwater Acoustics, Engineering Noise and Vibration Control, Occupational Noise Management, Hearing, Musical Acoustics.
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