Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering最新文献_第8页

Recovery of Copper from Secondary Sources Via Regeneration of Synergistic Reactive Extraction of D2EHPA-Cyanex 302 System d2ehpa - cyanex302体系协同萃取再生法回收二次源铜

IF 2.6 4区综合性期刊

Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-024-09610-5

Norul Fatiha Mohamed Noah, Norasikin Othman, Izzat Naim Shamsul Kahar, Nurul Ulya Mohd Azhar, Sazmin Sufi Suliman, Shuhada A. Idrus-Saidi

{"title":"Recovery of Copper from Secondary Sources Via Regeneration of Synergistic Reactive Extraction of D2EHPA-Cyanex 302 System","authors":"Norul Fatiha Mohamed Noah, Norasikin Othman, Izzat Naim Shamsul Kahar, Nurul Ulya Mohd Azhar, Sazmin Sufi Suliman, Shuhada A. Idrus-Saidi","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09610-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09610-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An alternative method for selectively extract copper (Cu) from mixture of secondary sources (especially zinc) from leached solution of waste Cu slag (WCS) has been developed using synergist extractants of D2EHPA and Cyanex 302. Under the optimal conditions, almost 100% of Cu was extracted using a synergist mixture of 0.01 M D2EHPA and 0.025 M Cyanex 302. Meanwhile, the Cu-loaded complexes were successfully stripped using 1.0 M acidic thiourea for Cu recovery. The selectivity factor of Cu over Zn in the extraction process is 23,900 at pH 1.45. Free-Cu solution was treated for zinc recovery using published formulation. This study includes mass transfer mechanism in Cu synergistic reactive extraction system and identifying kinetics of the complex formation at the interface. It is found that the reaction would typically involve a reduction process where Cu<sup>2+</sup> is reduced to Cu<sup>+</sup> at the interface of reaction. The extraction using regeneration of synergist organic phase was studied. The results showed the Cu extraction efficiency was consistently around 97% after four times of recycling. Thus, reactive extraction with synergistic D2EHPA-Cyanex 302 offers excellent prospects for the efficient recovery of Cu over Zn from the WCS leached solution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 6","pages":"4243 - 4257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Swarm Intelligent Metaheuristic Approach for Efficient Series Compensation Resulting in System Loadability Enhancement 提高系统负载能力的高效串联补偿蜂群智能元智方法

IF 2.6 4区综合性期刊

Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-024-09672-5

Debanjan Mukherjee, Sourav Mallick

{"title":"A Swarm Intelligent Metaheuristic Approach for Efficient Series Compensation Resulting in System Loadability Enhancement","authors":"Debanjan Mukherjee, Sourav Mallick","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09672-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09672-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Real-life engineering issues requiring optimization are quite often discontinuous, non-linear, and non-convex in nature. For such practical problems, most of the derivative-based traditional optimization methods either fall short of providing the desired solution or do so only after easing the nonlinearities. Therefore, population-based meta-heuristic methods have been well-liked recently in handling such issues because of their derivative free nature. Although they are insensitive to problem-complexity, they may not be completely free from the local optima trapping limitation. Hence, appropriate tactic must be adopted to develop any new metaheuristic algorithm capable of addressing such issues with noticeable accuracy. In view of this, the recently developed Levy Flight motivated Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSOLF) algorithm is further modified by incorporating the Self-Pollination (SP) strategy; thereby, the SP aided APSOLF (SPAPSOLF) algorithm is proposed. This SPAPSOLF is particularly developed to apply and test in an intricate engineering problem like Firing Angle Optimization (FAO) issue. The SPAPSOLF-based-FAO aided 11-level Multilevel Inverter has been implemented in designing dynamic model of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) and the efficacy of the SPAPSOLF is observed to be noteworthy in comparison to other state-of-the-art swarm-based metaheuristics and associated statistical analyses help to infer from this comparative investigation. Moreover, the dynamic model of SSSC using 11-level inverter is applied on model of IEEE-5-bus-system. Furthermore, remarkable enhancement in system’s Maximum Loadability Limit, owing to reduced switching losses, has been noted in FAO-aided-Reduced Switch 11 level inverter-based-SSSC than SSSCs with other existing topologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 8","pages":"5795 - 5823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Safety, Security, and Design Consideration of Nuclear Power Plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯王国核电厂的安全、保障和设计考虑

IF 2.6 4区综合性期刊

Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-024-09622-1

Osama Alsafi, Abdulwahab Alhamdi, Abdulaziz Alsanea, Mohammed Alsultan, Salman Alzahrani, Afaque Shams, Khaled Al-Athel, Osman Siddiqui

{"title":"Safety, Security, and Design Consideration of Nuclear Power Plants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Osama Alsafi, Abdulwahab Alhamdi, Abdulaziz Alsanea, Mohammed Alsultan, Salman Alzahrani, Afaque Shams, Khaled Al-Athel, Osman Siddiqui","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09622-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09622-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nuclear energy became one of the major contributors to the worldwide energy mix, with a total share of around 10% from thirty-three countries operating nuclear power reactors. Owing to the development of safe and advanced nuclear power plant technologies, many countries are planning to embark on considering nuclear energy. Moreover, it provides reliable and low-carbon power, which is well suited to address certain environmental challenges, such as those stated by the International Treaty on Climate Change signed in Paris in 2015. The agreement resembles international cooperation toward carbon neutrality. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is one of the signatories of the Paris Treaty and is committed to reaching carbon neutrality by 2060. Furthermore, the Kingdom has launched its peaceful nuclear energy program to diversify the country’s energy mix, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and meet the increasing electricity demand. However, considering the region’s environmental conditions and other security concerns, several challenges are imposed on the Kingdom’s first-ever Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). Hence, this article attempts to address potential challenges that might face NPPs in the Kingdom and provide lessons learned from past experiences in NPP operations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 5","pages":"3505 - 3518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling of Textured Hydrostatic Thrust Bearings and Lubricating Films with Variable Thickness 变形静压止推轴承及变厚度润滑膜的建模

IF 2.6 4区综合性期刊

Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-024-09645-8

Hicham Aboshighiba, Aboubakeur Benariba, Mohamed Rida Sbaa, Makhfi Souad, Lamsadfa Sidamar, Rami Khalid Suleiman, Ahmed Abu-Rayyan, Mohammed Hadj Meliani

{"title":"Modeling of Textured Hydrostatic Thrust Bearings and Lubricating Films with Variable Thickness","authors":"Hicham Aboshighiba, Aboubakeur Benariba, Mohamed Rida Sbaa, Makhfi Souad, Lamsadfa Sidamar, Rami Khalid Suleiman, Ahmed Abu-Rayyan, Mohammed Hadj Meliani","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09645-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09645-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In tribology, understanding the fluid flow characteristics of thin films is crucial. Although theoretical models often assume perfectly smooth surfaces, real-world scenarios involve surface irregularities and design features that affect film thickness. This study presents a systematic approach to accelerate modeling fluid flow in thin films within hydrostatic thrust bearings, for both the classical Reynolds equation and a comprehensive 3D methodology based on the Navier–Stokes equations. The classical model, nonlinear due to film thickness variation, is solved using the finite difference method, while the 3D approach is implemented in Ansys-CFX using the finite volume method. Comparative analysis of results from these models against the analytic solution for infinitely long geometries validates the modeling strategy. The 3D Navier–Stokes model is optimized by omitting parts of the geometry with unchanging pressure, replaced by a Python program to conserve mass flow rate, reducing mesh size to less than 0.5% of the original. This optimization significantly decreases computational resources, facilitating the study of various geometric configurations. The generated pressure field, bearing load, and equivalent stiffness were compared across models (Convergent, divergent and periodic). While the convergent configuration demonstrates the most a noteworthy enhancement, the periodic ones need deeper investigation. Future work will explore also the potential for dynamically modifiable bearings to enhance vibration control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 4","pages":"2911 - 2923"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the Effect of Particle Size on Dispersion Stability and Viscosity in Kaolin Particles-Doped Bio-Based Palm Nanolubricants 粒径对高岭土颗粒掺杂生物基棕榈纳米润滑剂分散稳定性和粘度影响的研究

IF 2.6 4区综合性期刊

Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-024-09664-5

Batuhan Özakın, Kürşat Gültekin, Gediz Uğuz

{"title":"Investigation of the Effect of Particle Size on Dispersion Stability and Viscosity in Kaolin Particles-Doped Bio-Based Palm Nanolubricants","authors":"Batuhan Özakın, Kürşat Gültekin, Gediz Uğuz","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09664-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09664-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The addition of various nano- and micro-sized particles into lubricants leads to improvements in the tribological and thermal properties of the produced nanolubricants. However, dispersion stability is essential in the preparation of nanolubricants. Ensuring dispersion stability contributes to the stability of various properties of the lubricant, such as viscosity, wear, and thermal stability. In this study, kaolin nanoparticles were ground using an axial mill to obtain three different (950 nm, 650 nm, and 350 nm) particle sizes. It was subjected to oleic acid modification to improve kaolin nanoparticle dispersion in the lubricant. Oleic acid-modified nanoparticles were doped to palm oil at rates of 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25% and 1.5% by weight. The dispersion stability of the nanolubricants was determined using sedimentation and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy tests, and their viscosities were determined using a rotational rheometer. It has been determined that kaolin-palm oil-based nanolubricants maintain dispersion stability for 14 days. It has been observed that lubricants have good dispersion stability up to 0.75 wt% nanoparticle concentration and decrease above this rate. It was concluded that nanoparticles with small particle sizes exhibited better dispersion stability than large particles. It was concluded that the increase in nanoparticle size reduces the viscosity of lubricants. Moreover, the viscosity value of the kaolin nanoparticle-doped lubricant with a size of 950 nm at the 1.5% doping rate was determined as 69.7 mPa s, while for the 650 and 350 nm particle sizes, these values were determined as 70.93 and 72.04 mPa s.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 6","pages":"4223 - 4241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emergence of an Improved Version of the PSO Technique for Optimization of Damped Input Filter for Direct Matrix Converter 直接矩阵变换器阻尼输入滤波器优化改进粒子群算法的提出

IF 2.6 4区综合性期刊

Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-024-09594-2

Abdelhakim Dendouga

{"title":"Emergence of an Improved Version of the PSO Technique for Optimization of Damped Input Filter for Direct Matrix Converter","authors":"Abdelhakim Dendouga","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09594-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09594-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent advances in the technology of semiconductor devices, electronic boards, and micro-computing have contributed to the emergence of new generations of power converters. In this context, the direct matrix converter (DMC) has been proposed as a promising solution to improve the performance of drive and power generation systems since this latter allows a direct conversion, adjustable power factor, and compact dimensions. However, harmonic filtering is a severe problem for this type of converter concerning choosing the appropriate filter topology and identifying its optimal parameters. The present work proposes a new approach for the optimal design of the passive input filter associated with the DMC through the emergence of an improved version of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. In this context, a simulation study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method by considering two topologies of the damped passive input filter for the DMC controlled by the Venturini and SVM techniques. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method compared to traditional methods, especially regarding the short execution time and optimal filter design (compliant with IEEE standards THD < 5%), avoiding calculation errors caused by humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 8","pages":"5783 - 5794"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical Evaluation of Multi-well Cyclic Gas Injection Technique for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Composite Tight Oil Reservoirs 复合致密油油藏多井循环注气提高采收率数值评价

IF 2.6 4区综合性期刊

Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-024-09603-4

Kingsley Asare, Chinedu Ejike, Chinedu J. Okere

{"title":"Numerical Evaluation of Multi-well Cyclic Gas Injection Technique for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Composite Tight Oil Reservoirs","authors":"Kingsley Asare, Chinedu Ejike, Chinedu J. Okere","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09603-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09603-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tight oil reservoirs are a crucial source for achieving energy security, but their economic development is hampered by rapid production rate declines and low initial recovery. This study utilizes numerical analysis to explore the viability of the multi-well cyclic technique (cyclic injection with cyclic production) in addressing these challenges, aiming to ensure sustained production rates and enhanced recovery. Using compositional modeling, the recovery performance of the multi-well cyclic technique is investigated and compared with other enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques including gas flooding and cyclic injection with varying production schemes, in a tight reservoir setting. The simulation results emphasize the efficacy of the multi-well cyclic technique in sustaining production rate and improving oil recovery over other techniques. Further sensitivity analysis explores the influence of key parameters such as gas injection rate, production bottomhole pressure, and matrix permeability on oil recovery. Findings reveal that optimal parameters for efficient oil recovery using the multi-well cyclic technique involve a gas injection rate of 4000 m<sup>3</sup>/d, a production bottomhole pressure of 8 MPa, and low matrix permeability. The evaluation of various EOR methods demonstrated that the Cyclic-Cyclic injection mode significantly outperforms both gas flooding and other cyclic injection techniques. This method not only sustains a higher production rate over time but also achieves superior overall oil recovery, highlighting its effectiveness in maximizing reservoir performance. The results suggest that the Cyclic-Cyclic approach offers a more efficient and reliable strategy for optimizing oil extraction compared to traditional methods. This study provides valuable insights into enhancing oil recovery in tight oil reservoirs, offering a foundation for future studies and field applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 7","pages":"5037 - 5054"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Study on Xenon Estimation During Load-Follow Operation Using Sliding Mode Observer in APR1400 for A Predictive Soluble Boron Control 基于滑模观测器的APR1400可溶硼预测控制负载跟踪过程中氙估计研究

IF 2.6 4区综合性期刊

Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-024-09620-3

Husam Khalefih, Yonghee Kim

{"title":"A Study on Xenon Estimation During Load-Follow Operation Using Sliding Mode Observer in APR1400 for A Predictive Soluble Boron Control","authors":"Husam Khalefih, Yonghee Kim","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09620-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09620-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During daily load-follow operations (DLFOs) in nuclear reactors, xenon concentration varies with power level, necessitating adjustments to the soluble boron concentration via dilution or boration. Since xenon cannot be directly measured within the reactor, this study introduces the use of a sliding mode observer (SMO) to estimate xenon concentration on the fly during the DLFO. Based on these estimates, the necessary boron concentration adjustments are calculated using a control algorithm (Mode-K +) that integrates data on the reactor’s chemical control system, xenon, and boron worth. This study focuses on the APR1400 reactor’s initial cycle and demonstrates a high degree of accuracy between the estimated xenon concentrations and reference values derived from KANT’s in-house 3D time-dependent xenon model. The integration of the SMO with the load-follow operation control algorithm represents a significant advancement by providing reactor operators with precise boron adjustment information. This precision minimizes unnecessary control rod movements, thereby reducing the risk of axial or radial power peaking, a critical factor for maintaining reactor stability and safety. Additionally, this approach optimizes the boron dilution process by accurately timing and controlling the volume of demineralized water introduced into the system. This not only ensures the effective execution of load-follow operations but also significantly reduces the volume of liquid radioactive waste produced. The analysis was conducted using a two-step procedure: cross-sectional evaluation via the Serpent 2.2.0 continuous energy Monte Carlo code, followed by whole-core calculations to generate lumped parameters using KANT. This methodology offers a robust and novel solution for enhancing the safety and efficiency of nuclear reactor operations during load-follow scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 5","pages":"3491 - 3503"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13369-024-09620-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Wax Inhibitors for Flow Assurance Below WAT in Long Tiebacks 蜡抑制剂在长回油管WAT以下流动保障中的作用

IF 2.6 4区综合性期刊

Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-024-09600-7

Denise G. Nunes, Giovani C. Nunes, Elizabeth R. Lachter, Agatha O. Santos, Bruna F. Alves, Elizabete F. Lucas

{"title":"The Role of Wax Inhibitors for Flow Assurance Below WAT in Long Tiebacks","authors":"Denise G. Nunes, Giovani C. Nunes, Elizabeth R. Lachter, Agatha O. Santos, Bruna F. Alves, Elizabete F. Lucas","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09600-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09600-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The low temperature of the seabed can lead to wax precipitation of the oil in offshore production, clogging the flowlines, particularly in long tieback systems. To prevent this, production systems are designed to keep the oil always above the WAT throughout its trajectory, which limits the length of the flow lines. An oil from a small field located 60 km from a FPSO vessel, where the seabed temperature is 12 °C, was investigated. The WAT and gelation temperature (GT) of the oil were ~ 17 and ~ 9 °C by microcalorimetry and rheology, respectively. The net present value is US$ 589 million for an insulated pipeline and US$ 689 million if no insulation is used. The latter case is economically more attractive, if the wax is removed with frequent pigging operations. However, for a similar oil in very deep waters where the seabed temperature is 5 °C, restarting oil flow is energy-intensive due to the yield stress at this temperature, necessitating inhibitors. Surfactant wax inhibitors, while not affecting GT, the yield stress temperature, and WAT, reduced the yield stress value by 70–90%, softening the gel. A commercial polymeric wax inhibitor lowered GT and WAT to approximately −21 and 10 °C, respectively, and eliminated yield stress. All inhibitors reduced oil viscosity by about 60% at 5 °C, facilitating wax removal with pigs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 7","pages":"5021 - 5035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Passivation Film Characteristics of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel in Reboiler Tubes Under the Combined Effects of Dissolved Oxygen and Applied Stress 溶解氧和外加应力联合作用下2205双相不锈钢在再沸管中的钝化膜特性

IF 2.6 4区综合性期刊

Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1007/s13369-024-09612-3

Shuai Zhao, Dong Lin, Lin Qin, Mingnan Sun, Kexi Liao, Xinjie Du, Yanjun Chen

{"title":"Passivation Film Characteristics of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel in Reboiler Tubes Under the Combined Effects of Dissolved Oxygen and Applied Stress","authors":"Shuai Zhao, Dong Lin, Lin Qin, Mingnan Sun, Kexi Liao, Xinjie Du, Yanjun Chen","doi":"10.1007/s13369-024-09612-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-024-09612-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the normal operational environment, reboiler tubes are exposed to high temperatures, high saline contents, and dissolved oxygen, making them susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which can lead to premature failure. To explore the SCC mechanisms in reboiler tubes, C-ring samples were prepared for a series of experiments, which include electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, and cyclic voltammetry, to assess the SCC behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS). An increase in both dissolved oxygen and applied stress contributes to a reduction in impedance values, facilitating chloride ion transport across the metal–electrolyte interface double layer and subsequently promoting passive film degradation. This degradation significantly impairs the passive film integrity; chloride ions reside at anionic sites in the passivation film's metal oxide. Furthermore, stress-induced dislocations augment the migration of cation vacancies within the passive film/2205DSS matrix, culminating in passive film rupture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 7","pages":"5007 - 5019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0