Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Modeling Particle Matter Collection in an Electrostatic Precipitator and Reduction of Nitrogen Dioxide and Nitric Oxide with Plasma Assisted Alumina-Supported Platinum Catalysts Modified with Cerium at Diesel Engine Exhaust","authors":"Araz Balali Oskouei,&nbsp;Javad Koohsorkhi,&nbsp;Mehdi Mehrpooya","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10095-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10095-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, feasibility of using electrostatic precipitator and plasma assisted catalyst with excess oxygen and water vapor at the diesel engine exhaust is analyzed in cold start time, the period after engine start, which catalyst is not hot enough to have its maximum efficiency for reducing particulate matters and nitrogen oxides. For the first time, diesel exhaust submicron particulate matter 0.4 μm tracing with COMSOL 3.5 in high velocities with space charge density specifically was achieved. The optimization criteria for best performance of the electrostatic precipitator was determined and the collection efficiency for particles 1 <span>(upmutext{m})</span> and 0.4 <span>(upmutext{m})</span> was at least 90% and near 70% respectively. In the plasma part, catalyst transient temperature, steady-state reduction of nitrogen oxide, and cold star time are investigated with respect to velocities and temperatures. During cold start time with using plasma in presence of 20% oxygen and 5% water vapor, nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide total reduction efficiency increased 21% and 22% in that order.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 13","pages":"10165 - 10184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quantum Approach to XOR Problem: Quantum Walk Optimizer for PQSVC","authors":"Karuna Kadian,&nbsp;Sunita Garhwal,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10035-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10035-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the increasing trend of quantum computing in recent years, many quantum machine learning (<i>QML</i>) models are being widely used to replace the classical models for solving complex classification problems as the latter struggles with nonlinearly separable datasets. One such quantum algorithm is the Pegasos-Quantum Support Vector Classifier (<span>(P-QSVC)</span>) which solves the binary classification problems more efficiently or comparable to its classical counterpart by leveraging quantum computing fundamentals. Quantum walks are nonlinear quantum computational frameworks that enhance performance by utilizing quantum mechanical principles such as superposition and interference. In our approach, we make use of the coined quantum walk in a two-dimensional lattice to optimize the functionality of the <span>(P-QSVC)</span> in solving the <i>XOR</i> problem, a nonlinear separable problem. Nonlinearly separable problems are a class of classification problems where a single straight line cannot separate the data points from differed classes. The <i>XOR</i> problem is an elementary example of this category, and finding an effective solution for <i>XOR</i> constitutes a critical step toward addressing more such nonlinearly separable problems. Our proposed model, the Quantum Walk Optimized Pegasos-Quantum Support Vector Classifier (<span>(QW-PQSVC)</span>) efficiently classifies the binary nonlinearly separable <i>XOR</i> dataset by minimizing the <span>({mathcal {L}})</span>oss function and maximizing the classification accuracy of the model using an iterative process. Additionally, we provide the values of the parameters used in the qubit encoding and also the quantum kernel for increasing the classification accuracy of the test points. Using this optimization approach, we achieved the classification accuracy of 99% alongside other metrics such as <i>p</i>recision, <i>F1</i>-score and <i>r</i>ecall scores close to 99% as compared to the 95% accuracy of the <span>(P-QSVC)</span>. We further experimented using the fivefold cross-validation, to ensure the generalization and reduce the risk of overfitting or underfitting our model thereby validating the optimization process. \u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 19","pages":"15991 - 16006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PepSteg: A Text Steganographic Approach based on Prime Embedding Position","authors":"Longjam Velentina Devi,&nbsp;Navanath Saharia","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10070-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10070-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The practice of concealing information within various mediums, especially on social media, is on the rise. This article explores an efficient text-based homogeneous steganographic technique utilizing prime indices of the cover text to deploy characters of the secret text. The binary form of the secret text is mapped to Unicode zero-width characters, appended at prime positions. This technique distributes secret text characters over the cover text from an arbitrary starting point, ensuring robustness and efficiency. With optimized chunks and a cyclic embedding nature, the proposed technique maintains the visual structure of the cover text. Experimental results demonstrate an 80% embedding capacity, comparable to state-of-the-art text steganographic approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 19","pages":"16007 - 16016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fitness and Collaborative Information-Driven Differential Evolution Algorithm for Bound-Constrained and Real-World Application Problems","authors":"Shubham Gupta,&nbsp;Shitu Singh,&nbsp;Shangce Gao","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10081-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10081-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effectiveness of differential evolution (DE) is significantly impacted by the selection of the mutation operator and the setup of control parameters. However, their unique selection might not ensure the optimized search procedure that enables the algorithm to explore for a global optimal solution for the given optimization problem. Further, with this selection approach, the algorithm might suffer from the issues of getting stuck at local optima and premature convergence. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a new framework of the DE called fitness and collaborative information-driven DE (COLDE). In the COLDE, a novel mutation operator is proposed to strengthen the collaboration among elite and non-elite candidate solutions so that more promising offspring vectors can be generated. The scale factor parameters are adjusted according to the evolutionary state of candidate solutions engaged in the mutation operator, while the crossover operator is tuned based on the success rates of crossover parameters determined in the past evolutionary stage. Moreover, the population size is also reduced over the generations to discard the unfavorable candidate solutions. The validation of the proposed COLDE is conducted on the standard set of benchmark problems provided by the IEEE CEC2017 of real-parameter single-objective problems and eight real-world engineering optimization problems. A comparison of COLDE with other evolutionary algorithms using diverse performance metrics verifies its promising and competitive search efficiency against the compared algorithms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 19","pages":"16017 - 16051"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Predictive Modeling of Dynamic Viscosity in Novel Hybrid Nanolubricants Using Correlation and ANN Approaches","authors":"Siraj Azam,&nbsp;Sang-Shin Park","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10049-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10049-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the development and rheological performance of innovative polyalphaolefin (PAO)-based hybrid nanolubricants, infused with cerium oxide (CeO₂) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles in various ratios (90:10–10:90). Evaluated under diverse shear rates (200–1200 s⁻¹) and temperatures (40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C), these nanolubricants exhibited significant enhancements in viscosity and thermal stability. Temperature emerged as the dominant factor, reducing viscosity by approximately 50% as the temperature increased from 40 to 100 °C. At lower temperatures, hybrid ratios such as R2 and R1 delivered up to 40% viscosity improvement relative to the base oil, leveraging stable nanoparticle dispersion, while their effects diminished at higher temperatures due to nanoparticle aggregation. Shear rate had a negligible impact, with all samples demonstrating Newtonian behavior across the tested range. To model and predict dynamic viscosity, a novel empirical correlation achieved high reliability (<i>R</i>² = 0.998, MAE = 0.21, and MSE = 0.07), offering a quick and efficient computational approach. Furthermore, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, designed with three hidden layers (128, 128, and 64 neurons), outperformed traditional methods by capturing complex nonlinear interactions with exceptional accuracy (<i>R</i>² = 0.99991, MSE = 0.006986, and MAE = 0.066104). This superior predictive performance underscores the ANN model’s potential for real-time optimization in dynamic lubrication systems. The integration of experimental findings with advanced computational models presents a robust framework for optimizing hybrid nanolubricants. This research not only enhances lubrication performance but also advances the understanding of nanomaterial behavior and fluid mechanics in engineering applications, paving the way for tailored solutions in high-performance lubrication systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 17","pages":"14277 - 14299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-step Genetic Algorithm for Dynamic Route Optimization of Electric Vehicles Based on Demand Analysis","authors":"Liudan Chen,&nbsp;Yanfei Zhu,&nbsp;Kwang Y. Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10076-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10076-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The electric vehicles routing problem (EVRP) is a highly studied topic due to the “mileage anxiety” of electric vehicles (EVs). Unfortunately, the demands analysis for EVRP are hardly addressed. In this work, the energy-saving demand is discussed and the energy-consuming model is proposed. Based on the strategy of time disturbance, integrating static and dynamic data, the EVRP process is modified into a three-stage routing planning to meet the dynamic customer demand. Furthermore, the energy-consuming model and its objective function to analyze the cost-saving demand are improved. In the optimized heuristic algorithm based on demand analysis, the Q-learning algorithm is used to obtain a high-quality initial population and the two-step genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to optimize the routing. The first step of the two-step GA is to use improved GA to meet the energy-saving demand and the cost-saving demand, the second step is to use the traditional GA to complete the dynamic routing of the three-stage routing with the dynamic demand. Compared with the traditional GA, the combination of the Q-learning initialization and the two-step GA reduces 36.68% in energy consumption. The two-step GA can quickly output different dynamic routes for dynamic customer demand at different times. In cost-saving demand, the optimization curve of the two-step GA versus the traditional GA converges 4 times faster and saves 2.84% in cost. This research highlights the necessity of the demand analysis for routing planning and demonstrates the critical role of the two-step GA in demand optimization, providing inspiration for responsive and sustainable EVRP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 19","pages":"15973 - 15989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Robust Finite Element Simulation of Circular Axially Loaded Members Reinforced with GFRP Bars and Spirals","authors":"Mohammed Fasil,&nbsp;Muhammad Kalimur Rahman,&nbsp;Mesfer M. Al-Zahrani","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10040-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10040-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of new generations of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars has led to exponential growth in its application in bridges and marine infrastructures, where service life of over 100 years is desired. GFRP bars, predominantly used in flexural members, have seen limited application in reinforced compression members due to their low elastic modulus and compressive strength. Several full-scale experimental programs have been reported in recent years to explore the performance of GFRP bars as both primary and tie reinforcements in reinforced concrete columns. However, the effect of many parameters needs to be ascertained due to limited configurations of GFRP reinforcements in an experimental program. This study investigated circular reinforced concrete columns with GFRP longitudinal bars and spirals, focusing on key parameters affecting axial load behavior. The finite element model, validated against published experimental data, showed good agreement with axial load–displacement behavior. Parametric studies examined the effects of concrete strength, reinforcement ratio, spiral pitch, hoop spacing, spiral diameter, column diameter, and concrete cover. Concrete compressive strength, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, spiral diameter, spiral pitch, and reduced concrete cover were found to significantly enhance the ductility of the columns. Finally, the modeling results were compared with design capacity equations for GFRP bar-reinforced concrete columns provided in codes, design guides, and literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 16","pages":"13405 - 13425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closed-Form Formulas for the Optimum Design of Composite Laminates Under In-Plane Loading","authors":"Ibrahim Alfaqih,&nbsp;Madyan A. Al-Shugaa,&nbsp;Husain J. Al-Gahtani,&nbsp;Abubakr E. S. Musa","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10044-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10044-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present work provides closed-form formulas for the optimum fiber orientation angle of symmetrically composite laminates under in-plane static loading. The formulation is based on the classical lamination theory. The optimization procedure is based on the classical approach where the strength ratio represents the objective function to be maximized while satisfying two failure criteria (Tsai–Wu and Tsai–Hill). The closed-form formulas were derived for three different composite materials, namely glass/epoxy, carbon/epoxy and aramid/epoxy. The design variables were the fiber orientation angles which were allowed to take any real value in the range of <span>([-90^circ ,90^circ ])</span> and their stacking sequence. The outcomes are presented graphically and in closed-form expressions suitable for design purposes. The accuracy of the proposed closed-form expressions was verified through comparison with existing results available in the literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 16","pages":"13427 - 13447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-Efficient-Augmented Sorption-Enhanced Reforming for H2 Production from Bio-oil Model Compound","authors":"Helal Ahmad Farhan,&nbsp; Sanjay","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10083-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10083-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study reports on the energy-efficient steam reforming of a bio-oil model compound, comparing conventional steam reforming (CSR) and sorption-enhanced steam reforming (SESR). Steam reforming processes are highly endothermic and require significant amounts of heat energy. Also, the reformer products and waste gases carry away substantial heat energy, which waste heat recovery systems could utilize. This approach reduces the overall energy demand and improves energy efficiency. Acetic acid is used to represent bio-oil, as it constitutes a major component of bio-oil and helps avoid complexity in the analysis. The reforming of the bio-oil model compound has been studied across a range of parameters for both methods to optimize the reforming processes. SESR employs a sorbent to capture CO₂, enhancing both hydrogen production and purity. The reformer temperature ranges from 300 to 900 °C, with a steam-to-carbon molar ratio (SCMR) varying from 1 to 4 for both reforming processes. Hydrogen purity in SESR increased to 99.5% when the sorbent-to-carbon molar ratio was set to 1. The net energy demand per mole of hydrogen production has been reduced by up to 24.58% for CSR and by up to 25.91% for SESR using waste heat recovery systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 13","pages":"10149 - 10163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient of a New Design Helical Coiled Tube Heat Exchanger via Air Injection Technique","authors":"Hameed B. Mahood,&nbsp;Ali Sh. Baqir,&nbsp;Ahmed R. Kareem,&nbsp;Anees A. Khadom,&nbsp;Khalid H. Rashid,&nbsp;Alasdair N. Campbell","doi":"10.1007/s13369-025-10038-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13369-025-10038-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study experimentally investigates the effect of air injection on enhancing the overall heat transfer coefficient in a newly designed vertical helical coiled tube heat exchanger. Unlike conventional or uniform helical configurations, the new design increases the shell area coverage by coiled tube, significantly boosting the probability of bubble-coil interactions and enhancing disruption of the thermal boundary layer around the tube. In addition, the new coil geometry ensures that the mixing of the shell fluid due to bubble injection occurs effectively near the coil boundary, unforming the temperature in this zone, thereby reducing temperature polarisation and maximising the temperature gradient between the coil surface and surrounding fluid. To do so, initially, the heat transfer performance of the novel coil configuration was theoretically validated by comparing its heat transfer coefficient, expressed through the Nusselt number (Nu), with that of a conventional helical coil using an appropriate heat transfer correlation. The study further explored the influence of air injection, introduced as microbubbles on the shell side of the heat exchanger, across a broad spectrum of operating conditions. The microbubbles were generated using a porous sparger with an average pore size of 100 μm. During the experiments, the temperature difference was maintained constant <span>(left( {Delta T = 20^circ {text{C}}} right))</span>, while variations in shell-side Reynolds number <span>(left({text{Re}}_{s}=4825, 7238 text{and} 9650right))</span>, coil-side Reynolds number <span>(left({text{Re}}_{c}=2600, 5200, 7800, 10400 text{and} 13000right))</span>, and injected air Reynolds number <span>(left({text{Re}}_{a}=0, 2600, 5200, 7800, 10400 text{and} 13000right))</span> were systematically tested. The baseline tests, conducted without air injection, revealed that the new heat exchanger design outperformed the traditional coiled tube heat exchanger by approximately (average) 26%. Moreover, air injection substantially improved the overall heat transfer coefficient, achieving a maximum enhancement of 119% under the conditions of <span>({text{Re}}_{c}=9650, {text{Re}}_{s}=825 text{and} {text{Re}}_{a}=10400)</span>. Conversely, the minimum enhancement of 41% was observed at <span>({text{Re}}_{c}=9650, {text{Re}}_{s}=275 text{and} {text{Re}}_{a}=2600)</span>. The ratio of <span>(U/{U}_{NE})</span>, representing the overall heat transfer coefficient with air injection relative to that without air injection, reached its optimal value under these optimal operating conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54354,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering","volume":"50 13","pages":"10127 - 10147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}