Ima Fungus最新文献

{"title":"<i>Nigromargaritatarda</i> gen. et sp. nov. and distribution of an intron position class within <i>Pleosporales</i>.","authors":"Meng-Yuan Li, Xiang Sun, Yu-Qing Liu, Sheng-Hui Qin, Min Li, Xue-Li He","doi":"10.3897/imafungus.16.145425","DOIUrl":"10.3897/imafungus.16.145425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pleosporales</i>, the largest order in <i>Dothideomycetes</i>, has a broad host range and inhabits host plants as epiphytes, endophytes, parasites and saprophytes. <i>Trematosphaeriaceae</i> is a monophyletic family in <i>Pleosporales</i>, composed of species of deviated ecological background and morphological traits. In this study, we described a new fungal taxon under <i>Trematosphaeriaceae</i>, based on root endophytic fungi recovered from the desert plant <i>Gymnocarposprzewalskii</i> in Gansu Province, China. The taxon is characterised by simple, aseptate conidia and pycnidia in unusually small sizes. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis, based on ITS, LSU, SSU and TEF sequences and a morphology study indicated that the taxon represented a new genus within the <i>Trematosphaeriaceae</i> and was named <i>Nigromargaritatarda</i>. Intriguingly, an intron of 355 bp in length located at site 453 on the ribosomal SSU gene was detected in one strain of <i>N.tarda</i>. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the intron belongs to an intron position class (Pcl) restricted to <i>Pleosporales</i>. Phylogeny affiliated distribution of this Pcl was confined at the genus or lower level, suggesting a horizontal transmission pattern of this Pcl. This study established a new genus in <i>Trematosphaeriaceae</i> and depicted the spread features of a less-documented Pcl amongst <i>Pleosporales</i> families with high resolution, which promotes our understanding of the origin and transmission mechanism of such mobile genetic elements.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"16 ","pages":"e145425"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The six whole mitochondrial genomes for the <i>Diaporthe</i> species: features, evolution and phylogeny.","authors":"Shunpei Xie, Xuyang Ma, Haiyan Wu, Rui Zang, Haiqiang Li, Miao Liu, Qiang Li, Qingzhou Ma, Yashuang Guo, Meng Zhang","doi":"10.3897/imafungus.16.140572","DOIUrl":"10.3897/imafungus.16.140572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the complete mitogenomes of three <i>Diaporthe</i> species (<i>Diaportheeres</i> ZM79-3, <i>D.phaseolorum</i> ZM33-4 and <i>Diaporthe</i> sp. ZM41-5) were sequenced, assembled and compared with the other three previously sequenced <i>Diaporthe</i> mitogenomes (<i>D.caulivora</i> VNIIKR SE Dcaul3, <i>D.longicolla</i> MSPL 10-6 and <i>D.sojae</i> VNIIKR SE Dps12). The six <i>Diaporthe</i> mitogenomes were found to be circular DNA molecules, with lengths ranging from 53,646 bp to 108,865 bp. The mitogenomes of the six <i>Diaporthe</i> species mainly comprised the same set of 15 core protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNAs, and a certain number of tRNAs and unidentified open reading frames (ORFs). The PCG length, AT skew and GC skew showed large variability among the 15 PCGs in the six mitogenomes. The <i>nad1</i> gene had the least K2P genetic distance of the 15 core PCGs among the 13 <i>Diaporthales</i> species, indicating that this gene was highly conserved. The Ka/Ks values for all 15 core PCGs were < 1, suggesting that these genes were all subject to purifying selection. Comparative mitogenome analysis showed that introns contributed the most to the size variation of <i>Diaporthe</i> mitogenomes. Frequent intron loss/gain events were detected to have occurred in the <i>cox1</i> gene during the evolution of the <i>Diaporthales</i> mitogenomes. Although the mitogenomes of 13 species from <i>Diaporthales</i> had undergone large-scale gene rearrangements, six mitogenomes of <i>Diaporthe</i> species had identical gene arrangements. Phylogenetic analysis based on combined mitochondrial gene datasets showed that the six <i>Diaporthe</i> species formed well-supported topologies. To our knowledge, this study is the first report on the mitogenomes of <i>D.phaseolorum</i> ZM33-4 and <i>Diaporthe</i> sp. ZM41-5, as well as the first comparison of mitogenomes among <i>Diaporthe</i> species. Our findings will further promote investigations of the genetics, evolution and phylogeny of the <i>Diaporthe</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"16 ","pages":"e140572"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-distance gene flow and recombination shape the evolutionary history of a maize pathogen.","authors":"Flávia Rogério, Cock Van Oosterhout, Stéphane De Mita, Francisco Borja Cuevas-Fernández, Pablo García-Rodríguez, Sioly Becerra, Silvia Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Andrés G Jacquat, Wagner Bettiol, Guilherme Kenichi Hosaka, Sofia B Ulla, Jürg Hiltbrunner, Rogelio Santiago, Pedro Revilla, José S Dambolena, José L Vicente-Villardón, Ivica Buhiniček, Serenella A Sukno, Michael R Thon","doi":"10.3897/imafungus.16.138888","DOIUrl":"10.3897/imafungus.16.138888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evolutionary history of crop pathogens is shaped by a complex interaction of natural and anthropogenic factors. The fungus <i>Colletotrichumgraminicola</i> causes maize anthracnose which results in significant yield losses worldwide. We conducted a comprehensive investigation into the evolutionary genomics of <i>C.graminicola</i> using a collection of 212 isolates from 17 countries across five continents. Genomic analyses supported the existence of three geographically isolated genetic lineages, with a significant pattern of isolation by distance. We identified two distinct gene flow patterns, driven by short- and long-distance dispersal, likely resulting from the natural spread of the pathogen and the exchange of contaminated seeds. We present evidence of genetic introgression between lineages, suggesting a long history of recombination. We identified significant recombination events coalescing at distinct points in time, with the North American lineage displaying evidence of the most ancient recombination. Demographic modelling has indicated that North America is an intermediate between Brazil, Europe and an ancestral, unsampled source population, which is hypothesised to be Mesoamerican. Our analyses revealed that the global genomic structure of <i>C.graminicola</i> is shaped by geographic differentiation driven by long-distance migration and a long history of recombination and introgression. We show historical relationships amongst these lineages, identifying a potential route for fungal spread, with the North American population emerging ancestrally, followed sequentially by the Brazilian and European populations. Our research indicates that the European lineage is more virulent, which has implications for the potential emergence of new outbreaks of maize anthracnose in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"16 ","pages":"e138888"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation and comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of false, yellow, black and blushing morels provide insights on their structure and evolution.","authors":"Gang Tao, Steven Ahrendt, Shingo Miyauchi, XiaoJie Zhu, Hao Peng, Kurt Labutti, Alicia Clum, Richard Hayes, Patrick S G Chain, Igor V Grigoriev, Gregory Bonito, Francis M Martin","doi":"10.3897/imafungus.16.138363","DOIUrl":"10.3897/imafungus.16.138363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Morchella</i> species have considerable significance in terrestrial ecosystems, exhibiting a range of ecological lifestyles along the saprotrophism-to-symbiosis continuum. However, the mitochondrial genomes of these ascomycetous fungi have not been thoroughly studied, thereby impeding a comprehensive understanding of their genetic makeup and ecological role. In this study, we analysed the mitogenomes of 30 <i>Morchellaceae</i> species, including yellow, black, blushing and false morels. These mitogenomes are either circular or linear DNA molecules with lengths ranging from 217 to 565 kbp and GC content ranging from 38% to 48%. Fifteen core protein-coding genes, 28-37 <i>tRNA</i> genes and 3-8 <i>rRNA</i> genes were identified in these <i>Morchellaceae</i> mitogenomes. The gene order demonstrated a high level of conservation, with the <i>cox1</i> gene consistently positioned adjacent to the <i>rnS</i> gene and <i>cob</i> gene flanked by <i>apt</i> genes. Some exceptions were observed, such as the rearrangement of <i>atp6</i> and <i>rps3</i> in <i>Morchellaimportuna</i> and the reversed order of <i>atp6</i> and <i>atp8</i> in certain morel mitogenomes. However, the arrangement of the <i>tRNA</i> genes remains conserved. We additionally investigated the distribution and phylogeny of homing endonuclease genes (HEGs) of the LAGLIDADG (LAGs) and GIY-YIG (GIYs) families. A total of 925 LAG and GIY sequences were detected, with individual species containing 19-48HEGs. These HEGs were primarily located in the <i>cox1</i>, <i>cob</i>, <i>cox2</i> and <i>nad5</i> introns and their presence and distribution displayed significant diversity amongst morel species. These elements significantly contribute to shaping their mitogenome diversity. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the phylogeny and evolution of the <i>Morchellaceae</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"16 ","pages":"e138363"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial genome and transcription of <i>Shiraia</i>-like species reveal evolutionary aspects in protein-coding genes.","authors":"Xiao-Ye Shen, Xue-Ting Cao, Xiao-Bo Huang, Lan Zhuo, Hui-Meng Yang, Li Fan, Cheng-Lin Hou","doi":"10.3897/imafungus.16.138572","DOIUrl":"10.3897/imafungus.16.138572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Shiraia</i>-related species are well-known bambusicolous fungi in <i>Dothideomycetes</i> class, with high value in traditional medicine for producing hypocrellin, as an anticipated photosensitiser. The complete mitogenomes of hypocrellin-producing <i>Pseudoshiraiaconidialis</i> strains were analysed in the present study, with functional gene variations through comparative genomics and transcriptomics. Five strains (ZZZ816, CNUCC1353PR, JAP103846, CNUCC C72, CNUCC C151) were sequenced, which indicated similar genome characteristics. Two of them possess an extra <i>atp6</i> gene, and the associated variable fragment \"<i>HSP1-HSP2-atp6_2</i>\" correlates closely with hypocrellin production capacity. Therefore, these five strains were divided into three groups: ZZZ816 and CNUCC1353PR possessing high production efficiency, CNUCC C72 and JAP103846 with low yield and CNUCC C151 as a transition type. The gene expression changes were screened under various conditions. ZZZ816-related species showed significant changes in mitochondrial genes, especially <i>HSP1</i>, <i>HSP2</i> and <i>atp6_2</i>, linked closely to hypocrellin synthesis and stress response; <i>rps3</i> expression also consistently correlated with hypocrellin production. JAP103846 group showed a stable expression pattern divergently, except for <i>rps3</i> suppression by blue light. These findings would provide new insights into secondary metabolite regulation and ROS resistance. Above all, this study conducted the comprehensive analysis of <i>Shiraia</i>-like fungi mitogenomes and functional gene expression, which can update the understanding of fungal evolution and potential for improved hypocrellin production.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"16 ","pages":"e138572"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovering fungal communities in roots of <i>Zoysiajaponica</i> and characterising novel species and their antifungal activities.","authors":"Haifeng Liu, Hyeongju Choi, Narayan Chandra Paul, Hiran A Ariyawansa, Hyunkyu Sang","doi":"10.3897/imafungus.16.138479","DOIUrl":"10.3897/imafungus.16.138479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Turf-grasses are economically important horticultural crops, which have been utilised by humans to improve the environment for more than a thousand years. Turf-grasses are widely distributed in landscapes, slopes and sport fields, such as golf courses. Endophytic fungi are a resource of unexplored fungal diversity with potential bioactive compounds. In this study, culture-independent ITS amplicon sequencing and culture-dependent isolation methods were used to reveal fungal community in roots of the turf-grass <i>Zoysiajaponica</i>. A total of 317 OTUs were identified from root samples of <i>Z.japonica</i> by analysis of ITS amplicon reads. Fungal community was dominated by <i>Sordariales</i> (32.45%), followed by <i>Chaetothyriales</i> (18.16%), unknown taxa in <i>Sordariomycetes</i> (14.63%) and <i>Pleosporales</i> (12.48%). During isolation, 151 endophytic fungal strains were obtained from roots of <i>Z.japonica</i> and a variety of taxa were found by ITS amplification and sequencing. Moreover, 11 endophytic fungal species were further characterised in this study, based on morphological characterisation and multi-loci phylogenetic analysis, including <i>Niessliadimorphospora</i>, a newly-recorded species in Korea and 10 novel species (<i>Dactylariahwasunensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>Lophiostomajeollanense</i> sp. nov., <i>Magnaporthiopsiszoysiae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>Poaceascomaendophyticum</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>P.koreanum</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>P.magnum</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>P.zoysiiradicicola</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>Stagonosporaendophytica</i> sp. nov., <i>Setophomazoysiae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>Pseudorhypophilapoae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>). Antifungal activities of these species were tested against the turf-grass brown patch pathogen <i>Rhizoctoniasolani</i> AG2-2(IIIB), with <i>S.zoysiae</i> being the best antagonist. In addition, butanol extract from mycelia of <i>S.zoysiae</i> strongly inhibited <i>R.solani</i> AG2-2(IIIB) <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in planta</i>. The results of this study expand the biodiversity of endophytic fungi and revealed potential biological resources for future turf-grass management and bioactive compound exploitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"16 ","pages":"e138479"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assembly and comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of <i>Daedaleopsissinensis</i> (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota), contributing to understanding fungal evolution and ecological functions.","authors":"Jin-Xin Ma, Hai-Jiao Li, Can Jin, Hao Wang, Lu-Xin Tang, Jing Si, Bao-Kai Cui","doi":"10.3897/imafungus.16.141288","DOIUrl":"10.3897/imafungus.16.141288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Daedaleopsissinensis</i> is a crucial wood-decaying fungus with significant lignocellulose-degrading ability, which plays a vital role in the material cycle and energy flow of forest ecosystems. However, the mitochondrial genome of <i>D.sinensis</i> has not yet been revealed. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of <i>D.sinensis</i> was assembled and compared with related species. The mitochondrial genome spans 69,155 bp and has a GC content of 25.0%. It comprises 15 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 26 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and one DNA polymerase gene (<i>dpo</i>). Herein, we characterised and analysed the codon preferences, variation and evolution of PCGs, repeats, intron dynamics, as well as RNA editing events in the <i>D.sinensis</i> mitochondrial genome. Further, a phylogenetic analysis of <i>D.sinensis</i> and the other 86 Basidiomycota species was performed using mitochondrial genome data. The results revealed that four species, <i>D.confragosa</i>, <i>D.sinensis</i>, <i>D.nitida</i> and <i>Fomesfomentarius</i>, were grouped in a closely-related cluster with high support values, indicating that a close phylogenetic relationship existed between <i>Daedaleopsis</i> and <i>Fomes</i>. This study reported on the initial assembly and annotation of the mitochondrial genome of <i>D.sinensis</i>, which greatly improved the knowledge of the fungus. These results contribute to the limited understanding of the mitochondrial repository of wood-decaying fungi, thereby laying the foundation for subsequent research on fungal evolution and ecological functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"16 ","pages":"e141288"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal fairy rings: history, ecology, dynamics and engineering functions.","authors":"Maurizio Zotti, Giuliano Bonanomi, Stefano Mazzoleni","doi":"10.3897/imafungus.16.138320","DOIUrl":"10.3897/imafungus.16.138320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal fairy rings (FFR) are fascinating natural phenomena that have intrigued people and scientists for centuries. These patterns, often represented by circular distributions of altered vegetation, are found in grasslands and forest habitats. Fairy rings occur when fungi grow radially in the soil, raising from a central point, progressively degrading organic matter and thus affecting vegetation. The observation of such spatial patterns allows mycologists to conduct an in-depth analysis of the role of fungi in ecosystems. This review presents the current knowledge and scientific advancement of the studies of FFRs. An historical appraisal from the most representative pioneer studies until recent works is presented in different scientific fields, including microbiology, chemistry, botany and ecology. Based on a deep analysis of bibliographic data, we synopsised different aspects of FFRs: i) history of studies, ii) taxonomy, iii) ecology (environmental conditions and biogeography), iv) classification of vegetation patterns, v) spatial dynamics, vi) role as ecosystem engineer (impact on soil chemistry, plants and microbiota). In conclusion, beside still open research areas requiring further investigation, a schematic functional model of fungal fairy rings is proposed, in which on one hand the dynamics of the fungal mycelium is explained by self-DNA accumulation and the build-up of autotoxicity. On the other hand, the effects of fungi on plants are related to the intermingled and differently spatially distributed effects of hydrophobicity, phytotoxicity and phytostimulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"16 ","pages":"e138320"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bulbillosins A - E, azaphilones from <i>Tengochaetabulbillosa</i> sp. nov. (<i>Chaetomiaceae</i>), a root endophyte of the Chinese medicinal plant <i>Astertataricus</i>.","authors":"Diana Astrid Barrera-Adame, Yasmina Marin-Felix, Ana Kristin Wegener, Michael Lalk, Marc Stadler, Timo H J Niedermeyer","doi":"10.3897/imafungus.16.141036","DOIUrl":"10.3897/imafungus.16.141036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Astertataricus</i> is a plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. From its roots, we isolated four endophytic fungi strains. After mass spectrometry analysis and subsequent molecular networking and dereplication, one of the strain's extracts showed a cluster of yet undescribed natural products. Additionally, the extract was found to be lethal for the nematode <i>Caenorhabditiselegans</i> and cytotoxic against eukaryotic cell lines. The fungal strain was characterized by morphological and molecular studies, allowing its description as a new species in the genus Tengochaeta (Chaetomiaceae), <i>Tengochaetabulbillosa</i>. After cultivation and extraction of the strain, the major secondary metabolites were isolated. Structure elucidation based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry revealed these compounds to be five new azaphilones. Additionally, the localization of these azaphilones in the host plant was studied by mass spectrometry imaging of different plant tissues, revealing that they were mainly localized in the aerial parts of the plant. The main compound, bulbillosin A, was evaluated for its activity against sixty cancer cell lines, revealing a differential cytotoxicity profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"16 ","pages":"e141036"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species descriptions in myxomycetes - can we settle on rules for good taxonomic practice?","authors":"Martin Schnittler, Dmytro Leontyev, Iryna Yatsiuk, Anna Ronikier","doi":"10.3897/imafungus.16.141199","DOIUrl":"10.3897/imafungus.16.141199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Myxomycetes</i> are a unique branch of life, recognisable by sporophores showing a fungus-like dispersal biology. These structures bear nearly all diagnostic characters for species identification and develop by rapid transformation of plasmodia. During this short period of time, external factors can significantly influence the formation of morphological characters. Therefore, the description of a new species must be carried out with utmost care. Over the last 50 years, approximately 10-15 new species of myxomycetes have been described per year and only some of the latest publications underpin this with molecular data. In this paper, we discuss a set of recommendations for the description of myxomycete species new to science, striving for the following goals: (i) to minimise the number of erroneous descriptions of the species, whose names later have to be put into synonymy; (ii) to make all respective data easily accessible for the scientific community; and (iii) to comply with existing rules of nomenclature. We recommend (1) whenever possible not to describe a new taxon from a single specimen; however, an exception could be made only if supported by molecular data and by unique morphological characters which are unlikely to fall in the range of infraspecific variation of related species; (2) preparing detailed descriptions, including data on developmental stages, microhabitats, ecology, phenology and associated species; (3) providing at least two independent diagnostic characters that tell the new species apart from all others; (4) obtaining a molecular barcode and, whenever possible, providing proof for reproductive isolation of the new species from related taxa; and (5) depositing type specimens in public herbaria. To comply with nomenclatural rules, (6) the new name must be registered in a recognised repository, (7) all published names should be checked for usability before proposing a new name and (8) a unique name should be chosen, preferably highlighting a distinct character of the new species.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"16 ","pages":"e141199"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}