Ima Fungus最新文献

{"title":"New insights on the Xylaria species (Ascomycota, Xylariales) with bright-coloured exudates: Xylaria aurantiorubroguttata sp. nov. and revision of X. haemorrhoidalis and X. anisopleura type collections.","authors":"Niccolò Forin, Alfredo Vizzini, Mario Amalfi, Samuele Voyron, Enrico Ercole, Simone Marcolini, Silvia Moschin, Barbara Baldan","doi":"10.1186/s43008-024-00168-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43008-024-00168-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new species of Xylaria is described based on morphological characters of both sexual and asexual morphs, and molecular data based on nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer, α-actin, β-tubulin and RNA polymerase subunit II sequences. Xylaria aurantiorubroguttata is characterized by the presence of both upright, cylindrical, long-stipitate and globose to subglobose, short-stipitate stromata, immature stromatal stages producing at first orange and then red drops, and ascospores with a slightly oblique, straight half spore-length germ slit. We provide also new morphological descriptions for X. haemorrhoidalis (holotype) and X. anisopleura (isosyntype), two Xylaria species belonging to X. polymorpha complex together with X. aurantiorubroguttata.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"15 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"XII International Mycological Congress: report of Congress action on nomenclature proposals relating to fungi.","authors":"Tom W May, Konstanze Bensch, Johannes Z Groenewald, Jos Houbraken, Amy Y Rossman","doi":"10.1186/s43008-024-00169-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43008-024-00169-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Procedures, appointments and outcomes of the Fungal Nomenclature Session (FNS) of the XII International Mycological Congress (IMC12) are summarized, including the composition of the Fungal Nomenclature Bureau and the Nominating Committee of the IMC. Between 124 and 322 mycologists attended the three sessions of the FNS, at which formal proposals to amend Chapter F of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants were debated. The 15 proposals considered included eight \"from the floor\", five of which were withdrawn prior to the FNS. One of the withdrawn proposals was directed to the Editorial Committee for Fungi, in relation to adding examples of best practice when citing living cultures as types. Among the seven proposals published in Taxon, one proposal with a high \"no\" vote in the Guiding Vote was not re-introduced. Discussion on one proposal led to the authorization of a Special-purpose Committees on \"Genomes as Types for Fungi\". For the eight proposals that were put to a vote, two proposals were rejected and six proposals were accepted. The accepted proposals: (1) clarified that a proposal to conserve a name with a conserved type does not require citation of a typification identifier; (2) clarified procedures to protect and reject names of fungi; (3) removed the need to list synonyms of protected names in the Code appendices; (4) clarified that an earlier homonym of a sanctioned name remains unavailable if the sanctioned name is rejected outright; (5) recommended that culture collections or biological resource centres where cultures are lodged should be \"public\"; and (6) recommended that when original type cultures are lost, neotypification should utilize the progeny of ex-type cultures. Appointments made by the FNS included the Secretary of the Fungal Nomenclature Bureau for IMC13, the officers and members of the Editorial Committee for Fungi, and the officers and members of the Permanent Nomenclature Committee for Fungi. Decisions and appointments of the FNS were ratified in a resolution accepted by the plenary session of the Congress.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"15 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contribution of tropical long-term studies to mycology.","authors":"Jeffery K Stallman, Danny Haelewaters, Rachel A Koch Bach, Mia Brann, Samira Fatemi, Paula Gomez-Zapata, Dillon R Husbands, Blaise Jumbam, Patricia J Kaishian, Ariana Moffitt, M Catherine Aime","doi":"10.1186/s43008-024-00166-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43008-024-00166-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungi are arguably the most diverse eukaryotic kingdom of organisms in terms of number of estimated species, trophic and life history strategies, and their functions in ecosystems. However, our knowledge of fungi is limited due to a distributional bias; the vast majority of available data on fungi have been compiled from non-tropical regions. Far less is known about fungi from tropical regions, with the bulk of these data being temporally limited surveys for fungal species diversity. Long-term studies (LTS), or repeated sampling from the same region over extended periods, are necessary to fully capture the extent of species diversity in a region, but LTS of fungi from tropical regions are almost non-existent. In this paper, we discuss the contributions of LTS of fungi in tropical regions to alpha diversity, ecological and functional diversity, biogeography, hypothesis testing, and conservation-with an emphasis on an ongoing tropical LTS in the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. We show how these contributions refine our understanding of Fungi. We also show that public data repositories such as NCBI, IUCN, and iNaturalist contain less information on tropical fungi compared to non-tropical fungi, and that these discrepancies are more pronounced in fungi than in plants and animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"15 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11552369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new leaf inhabiting ascomycete from the Jurassic (ca 170 Mya) of Yorkshire, UK, and insights into the appearance and diversification of filamentous Ascomycota.","authors":"Ludovic Le Renard, Christine Strullu-Derrien, Mary Berbee, Mario Coiro","doi":"10.1186/s43008-024-00162-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43008-024-00162-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leaf-associated fungi, the fungi that depend on leaves to sporulate, have a rich Cenozoic record, however their earlier diversity is poorly characterized. Here we describe Harristroma eboracense gen. et sp. nov., a Middle Jurassic leaf-associated fungus colonizing the leaf cuticle of Nilssonia tenuicaulis (cycadophyte). To place our newly described species into a picture of the diversification of Mesozoic fungi, we reassess fossils with leaf-associated stromata in the context of fungal molecular phylogeny. Being melanized, with radiate stromata, and on leaves, H. eboracense and other fossils from the Jurassic and earlier periods are probably related to filamentous Ascomycota in the superclass Leotiomyceta. Characters needed for further resolution of leaf-associated fungal biology and classification, such as the presence of an ostiole for spore discharge and appressoria for entry into leaf tissue first appear in the Mesozoic fossil record. Among Early Cretaceous fossils, Spataporthe taylorii represents the oldest unambiguous evidence of perithecial Sordariomycetes while Protographum luttrellii and Bleximothyrium ostiolatum are the oldest Dothideomycetes thyriothecia. Environmental observations show that broad leaved gymnosperms (especially cycadophytes) growing in warm temperate wet forests might have been the first environment for the radiation of Leotiomyceta.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"15 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11536623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced detection of Pythium insidiosum via lipid profiling with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry.","authors":"Nichapat Yurayart, Paisan Jittorntam, Yothin Kumsang, Thidarat Rujirawat, Atisak Jiaranaikulwanich, Theerapong Krajaejun","doi":"10.1186/s43008-024-00163-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43008-024-00163-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pythiosis is a severe disease in humans and animals globally, caused by the pathogenic oomycete Pythium insidiosum. Early and accurate detection is crucial for effective treatment, but traditional diagnostic methods have limitations. This study presents an alternative approach using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for lipid profiling to efficiently identify P. insidiosum. The study involved extracting microbial lipid components using optimized chloroform: methanol biphasic method and creating a lipid profile database with samples from 30 P. insidiosum isolates and 50 various fungi. The methodology was validated on 25 blinded samples for assay detection performance. Unique lipid profiles allowed species-specific identification with high efficiency: scores ≥ 2.682 indicated P. insidiosum, scores ≤ 2.512 suggested fungi, and scores in between pointed to other oomycetes. The assay demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 100%, 80%, and 88%, respectively, for detecting P. insidiosum. The limited detection specificity was due to false positive samples from closely related Pythium species, which are not a significant clinical concern. The findings show that MALDI-TOF MS lipid profiling can efficiently identify P. insidiosum, offering significant advantages in sample preparation, stability, and reproducibility over protein profile-based methods. This study marks the first instance of lipid profiles being reported for P. insidiosum, paving the way for clinical use in improving accurate detection and facilitating timely treatment interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"15 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative mitochondrial genomics of Thelebolaceae in Antarctica: insights into their extremophilic adaptations and evolutionary dynamics.","authors":"Zechen Mi, Jing Su, Liyan Yu, Tao Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s43008-024-00164-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43008-024-00164-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species of Antarctomyces and Thelebolus (Thelebolaceae), primarily found in Antarctic environments, exhibit psychrophilic adaptations, yet their mitochondrial genomes have not been extensively studied. Furthermore, few studies have compared the mitochondrial genomes of psychrophilic, psychrotrophic, and mesophilic fungi. After successful sequencing and assembly, this study annotated the mitochondrial genomes of Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus CPCC 401038 and Thelebolus microsporus CPCC 401041. We also performed a comparative analysis with the previously characterized mitochondrial genomes of psychrotrophic and mesophilic fungi. The analysis revealed that nad4L was the most conserved gene across the mitochondrial genomes, characterized by its synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates (Ks and Ka), genetic distance, and GC content and skew within the protein-coding genes (PCGs). Additionally, the mitochondrial genomes of psychrophilic and psychrotrophic fungi showed a higher proportion of protein-coding regions and a lower GC content compared to those of mesophilic fungi, underscoring the genetic basis of cold adaptation. Phylogenetic analyses based on these mitochondrial genes also confirmed the phylogenetic relationships of Thelebolaceae in the class Leotiomycetes. These findings advance our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary dynamics within the family Thelebolaceae, highlighting how different environmental temperatures influence fungal mitochondrial genomic structure and adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"15 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of fungal transcriptomics and metabolomics provides insights into the early interaction between the ORM fungus Tulasnella sp. and the orchid Serapias vomeracea seeds.","authors":"Silvia De Rose, Fabiano Sillo, Andrea Ghirardo, Silvia Perotto, Jörg-Peter Schnitzler, Raffaella Balestrini","doi":"10.1186/s43008-024-00165-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-024-00165-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In nature, germination of orchid seeds and early plant development rely on a symbiotic association with orchid mycorrhizal (ORM) fungi. These fungi provide the host with the necessary nutrients and facilitate the transition from embryos to protocorms. Despite recent advances in omics technologies, our understanding of this symbiosis remains limited, particularly during the initial stages of the interaction. To address this gap, we employed transcriptomics and metabolomics to investigate the early responses occurring in the mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella sp. isolate SV6 when co-cultivated with orchid seeds of Serapias vomeracea. The integration of data from gene expression and metabolite profiling revealed the activation of some fungal signalling pathways before the establishment of the symbiosis. Prior to seed contact, an indole-related metabolite was produced by the fungus, and significant changes in the fungal lipid profile occurred throughout the symbiotic process. Additionally, the expression of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) was observed during the pre-symbiotic stage, as the fungus approached the seeds, along with changes in amino acid metabolism. Thus, the dual-omics approach employed in this study yielded novel insights into the symbiotic relationship between orchids and ORM fungi and suggest that the ORM fungus responds to the presence of the orchid seeds prior to contact.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"15 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11503967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative taxonomy of Metarhizium anisopliae species complex, based on phylogenomics combined with morphometrics, metabolomics, and virulence data","authors":"Noppol Kobmoo, Suchada Mongkolsamrit, Artit Khonsanit, Marjorie Cedeño-Sanchez, Nuntanat Arnamnart, Wasana Noisripoom, Papichaya Kwantong, Chutima Sonthirod, Wirulda Pootakham, Alongkorn Amnuaykanjanasin, Esteban Charria-Girón, Marc Stadler, Janet Jennifer Luangsa-ard","doi":"10.1186/s43008-024-00154-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-024-00154-9","url":null,"abstract":"Metarhizium anisopliae (Clavicipitaceae, Hypocreales) is a globally distributed entomopathogenic fungus, which has been largely studied and used in agriculture for its potent entomopathogenicity. Since its taxonomic establishment as a member of Metarhizium, many closely related taxa have been described with highly similar morphology (cryptic species). A holotype specimen of M. anisopliae is not extant, and the ex-neotype strain (CBS 130.71) does not form a monophyletic clade with other strains, up to now, recognized as M. anisopliae sensu stricto. In this study, we have conducted an integrative taxonomic treatment of M. anisopliae sensu lato by including the ex-neotype strain of M. anisopliae, other unknown strains from our collections identified as M. anisopliae s. lat., as well as other known species that have been previously delimited as closely related but distinct to M. anisopliae. By including whole-genome sequencing, morphometric analysis, LC–MS based metabolomics, and virulence assays, we have demonstrated that M. anisopliae s. str. should also include M. lepidiotae (synonym), and that M. anisopliae s. str. differentiates from the other species of the complex by its metabolome and less severe entomopathogenicity. New taxa, namely M. hybridum, M. neoanisopliae and M. parapingshaense spp. nov., are proposed. The novel taxa proposed here have strong phylogenomics support, corroborated by fine-scale differences in the length/width of conidia/phialides, while the metabolomics and virulence data still largely overlap. We have also demonstrated via population genomics data the existence of local clonal lineages, particularly the one corresponding to the persistence of a biocontrol candidate strain that has been used in the field application for three years. This study showcases the utility of combining various data sources for accurate delimitation of species within an important group of fungal biocontrol agents against pest insects.","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration on cold adaptation of Antarctic lichen via detection of positive selection genes","authors":"Yanyan Wang, Yaran Zhang, Rong Li, Ben Qian, Xin Du, Xuyun Qiu, Mengmeng Chen, Guohui Shi, Jiangchun Wei, Xin-Li Wei, Qi Wu","doi":"10.1186/s43008-024-00160-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-024-00160-x","url":null,"abstract":"Lichen as mutualistic symbiosis is the dominant organism in various extreme terrestrial environment on Earth, however, the mechanisms of their adaptation to extreme habitats have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we chose the Antarctic dominant lichen species Usnea aurantiacoatra to generate a high-quality genome, carried out phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood and identify genes under positive selection. We performed functional enrichment analysis on the positively selected genes (PSGs) and found that most of the PSGs focused on transmembrane transporter activity and vacuole components. This suggest that the genes related to energy storage and transport in Antarctic U. aurantiacoatra were affected by environmental pressure. Inside of the 86 PSGs screened, two protein interaction networks were identified, which were RNA helicase related proteins and regulator of G-protein signaling related proteins. The regulator of the G-protein signaling gene (UaRGS1) was chosen to perform further verification by the lichen genetic manipulation system Umbilicaria muhlenbergii. Given that the absence of UmRgs1 resulted in elevated lethality to cold shock, the role for UaRgs1 in Antarctic U. aurantiacoatra resistance to cold can be inferred. The investigation of lichen adaptation to extreme environments at the molecular level will be opened up.","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"527 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the role of bats as fungal vectors in the environment.","authors":"Xiang-Fu Liu, Samantha Chandranath Karunarathna, Saowaluck Tibpromma, K W Thilini Chethana, Kevin D Hyde, Abdallah M Elgorban, Nakarin Suwannarach, Jaturong Kumla, Peter E Mortimer, Alice C Hughes","doi":"10.1186/s43008-024-00161-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43008-024-00161-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bats (Chiroptera), the second largest group of mammals, are known for their unique immune system and their ability to act as vectors for various zoonoses. Bats also act as important carriers of fungi, which include plant, animal, and human pathogens. Their roosting areas, foraging behaviors, and even migration routes make bats ideal vectors for fungi. We isolated 75 culturable fungal species from bats in Yunnan Province, China, with 36 species representing known pathogens of plants, animals, and humans, while 39 species are non-pathogenic fungi. Among these species, 77% (58 species) belonged to Ascomycota, 9% (seven species) belonged to Basidiomycota, and 13% (10 species) belonged to Mucoromycota. Even though several taxonomic studies on fungi associated with bats have been published, studies exploring the role of bats as fungal vectors are lacking. This study discusses the fungi host-specific traits and pathogenicity and the impact and ecological significance of bats as fungal vectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":54345,"journal":{"name":"Ima Fungus","volume":"15 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11373111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}