Archives of Endocrinology Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"PTH immunoassay interference: differential diagnosis with normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism?","authors":"Monique Nakayama Ohe, Roberto Massao Takimoto, Claudia M Aparecida de Francischi Ferrer, Jose Viana Lima, Rosa Paula Biscolla, José Gilberto Henriques Vieira, Maria Izabel Chiamolera","doi":"10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0315","DOIUrl":"10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main diagnostic dilemma in normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism is differentiating this condition from secondary hyperparathyroidism and other causes of elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in eucalcemic patients, including potential assay interferences. Despite the analytical sensitivity of immunoassays, they may lack adequate accuracy due to several analytical interferences, such as the presence of heterophilic antibodies. Immunoassays for PTH measurement use the immunometric \"sandwich\" technique, and only a few cases of interference with this assay have been reported to date. We describe herein two patients in whom PTH immunoassay interference was demonstrated. Both patients presented high serum PTH levels, measured using a second-generation Roche electrochemiluminescence assay (ECLIA; Elecsys Roche, Germany), and normocalcemia. When immunoassay interference was suspected, PTH measurements were repeated using a different analytical platform, the 1-84 PTH third-generation Roche Elecsys ECLIA, resulting in normal levels. We subsequently performed serial dilutions using normal mouse serum with the second-generation ECLIA and found no linearity, indicating the presence of interference in both patients. Immunoassay interference may lead to misinterpretation of a patient's results by the laboratory and incorrect treatment planning by the attending physician. Despite its rarity, the presence of interferences in the PTH immunoassay resulting in falsely high PTH levels should be considered when the laboratory result does not match the patient's clinical presentation, thus preventing erroneous diagnoses and unnecessary therapeutic procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":54303,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Endocrinology Metabolism","volume":"68 ","pages":"e230315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11554362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single zoledronic acid infusion as a cause of acute kidney impairment requiring dialysis in two patients with osteoporosis.","authors":"Djordje Marina, Charlotte Ejersted, Kristine Hommel, Peter Schwarz","doi":"10.20945/2359-4292-2024-0159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-4292-2024-0159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zoledronic acid is a widely used bisphosphonate for treating osteoporosis and hypercalcemia related to malignancy. It is also used to prevent bone loss induced by cancer treatment and bone metastases in various cancer types. Zoledronic acid is safe for most patients and is generally not associated with severe side effects. However, there have been reports of acute kidney impairment occurring after administration of intravenous zoledronic acid, mostly in patients with cancer (who received a high cumulative dose of this medication) or preexisting kidney impairment, and in patients with a history of nephrotoxic treatment. We report herein the cases of two patients without history of cancer, who developed dialysis-requiring acute kidney impairment after a single administration of intravenous zoledronic acid. None of the patients had previously used nephrotoxic medications, and one of them had a normal kidney function before zoledronic acid treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this report describes the first case of acute kidney impairment in a patient without risk factors. The findings of this report show that acute kidney impairment following intravenous zoledronic acid treatment can also occur in low-risk patients, highlighting the need for monitoring kidney function in all patients receiving this treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54303,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Endocrinology Metabolism","volume":"68 ","pages":"e240159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11554369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin ameliorates peripheral neuropathy in diabetic rats by downregulating autophagy via the AMPK pathway.","authors":"Fangqin You, Diya Xie, Cheng Li, Lihang Yang, Fengmin Liu","doi":"10.20945/2359-4292-2024-0137","DOIUrl":"10.20945/2359-4292-2024-0137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is an important complication of diabetes mellitus. Autophagy is considered to be potentially involved in the regulation of DN. Metformin is broadly utilized in the first-line treatment of diabetes. The present work aimed to assess whether and how metformin exerts protective effects in DN.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A DN rat model induced by streptozotocin (STZ) was established. Metformin was administered to examine its effect on sciatic nerve pathology, and the possible mechanisms involved in this process were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Morphological damage was observed in sciatic nerve samples from diabetic animals, accompanied by decreased p-AMPK expression and increased LC-3 levels. Notably, metformin ameliorated the morphological changes in the sciatic nerve by downregulating autophagy via p-AMPK upregulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate that metformin attenuates peripheral neuropathy in diabetic rats by regulating autophagy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54303,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Endocrinology Metabolism","volume":"68 Spec","pages":"e240137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of parathyroidectomy on serum inflammatory and metabolic dysfunction markers in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.","authors":"Muzaffer Serdar Deniz, Nuriye Ozder, Omer Faik Ersoy, Zubeyde Ilke Narli","doi":"10.20945/2359-4292-2024-0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-4292-2024-0124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study analyzed systemic inflammatory changes reflected by hematologic and biochemical indices in patients with hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) after parathyroidectomy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Retrospective study of 70 patients who underwent curative parathyroidectomy for PHPT treatment. Data on clinical presentation, biochemical assays, imaging studies, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Systemic inflammation was quantified using different indices, including the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and platelet distribution width (PDW).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant pre-surgical to post-surgical decreases were observed in serum levels of mean normalized calcium (11 ± 0.65 mg/dL and 9.1 ± 0.42 mg/dL, respectively, p = 0.001) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (235.5 ± 132.9 and 78.1 ± 60.5 ng/L, respectively, p = 0.001). The inflammatory indices changed substantially, with decreases in SII (from 564.8 ± 257.5 to 516.6 ± 201.1, p = 0.001) and PLR (from 143.0 ± 46.2 to 133.6 ± 38.6, p = 0.001). Additionally, PDW decreased from 52.8 ± 8.2% to 47.5 ± 9.3% (p = 0.001) and MHR increased from 7.19 ± 3.06 to 7.81 ± 3.13 (p = 0.001). No significant changes occurred in other inflammatory markers, including the TyG index (p = 0.431) and FIB-4 score (p = 0.401). Logistic regression analysis identified PDW (odds ratio [OR] 0.920, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.879-0.963, p = 0.001) and PLR (OR 0.991, 95% CI 0.983-1, p = 0.042) as significant predictors of inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Successful parathyroidectomy in patients with PHPT reduces systemic inflammation, as evidenced by decreased PDW and PLR. Our results indicate the importance of integrating PDW and PLR in the postoperative assessment of PHPT for monitoring inflammatory activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54303,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Endocrinology Metabolism","volume":"68 ","pages":"e240124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11554364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genetics and hormonal basis of human gender identity.","authors":"Rafael Loch Batista, Luciana Mattos Barros Oliveira","doi":"10.20945/2359-4292-2024-0232","DOIUrl":"10.20945/2359-4292-2024-0232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gender identity refers to one's psychological sense of their own gender. Establishing gender identity is a complex phenomenon, and the diversity of gender expression challenges simplistic or unified explanations. For this reason, the extent to which it is determined by nature (biological) or nurture (social) is still debatable. The biological basis of gender identity cannot be modeled in animals and is best studied in people who identify with a gender that is different from the sex of their genitals such as transgender people and people with disorders/differences of sex development. Numerous research studies have delved into unraveling the intricate interplay of hormonal, neuroanatomic/neurofunctional, and genetic factors in the complex development of core gender identity. In this review, we explore and consolidate existing research that provides insights into the biological foundations of gender identity, enhancing our understanding of this intriguing human psychological trait.</p>","PeriodicalId":54303,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Endocrinology Metabolism","volume":"68 Spec","pages":"e240232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating gene expression as a strategy to investigate thyroid cancer biology.","authors":"Diego Claro de Mello, Joice Moraes Menezes, Antonio Tarelo Freitas de Oliveira, Marcella Maringolo Cristovão, Edna Teruko Kimura, Cesar Seigi Fuziwara","doi":"10.20945/2359-4292-2024-0073","DOIUrl":"10.20945/2359-4292-2024-0073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modulating the expression of a coding or noncoding gene is a key tool in scientific research. This strategy has evolved methodologically due to advances in cloning approaches, modeling/algorithms in short hairpin RNA (shRNA) design for knockdown efficiency, and biochemical modifications in RNA synthesis, among other developments. Overall, these modifications have improved the ways to either reduce or induce the expression of a given gene with efficiency and facility for implementation in the lab. Allied with that, the existence of various human cell line models for cancer covering different histotypes and biological behaviors, especially for thyroid cancer, has helped improve the understanding of cancer biology. In this review, we cover the most frequently used current techniques for gene modulation in the thyroid cancer field, such as RNA interference (RNAi), short hairpin RNA (shRNA), and gene editing with CRISPR/Cas9 for inhibiting a target gene, and strategies to overexpress a gene, such as plasmid cloning and CRISPRa. Exploring the possibilities for gene modulation allows the improvement of the scientific quality of the studies and the integration of clinicians and basic scientists, leading to better development of translational research.</p>","PeriodicalId":54303,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Endocrinology Metabolism","volume":"68 Spec","pages":"e240073"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estrogen-mediated modulation of sterile inflammatory markers and baroreflex sensitivity in ovariectomized female Wistar rats.","authors":"Md Iqbal Alam, Naba Sami, Aftab Alam, Sheema Wazib, Neha Dhyani, Sher Afghan, Mairaj Ahmed Ansari","doi":"10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0521","DOIUrl":"10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to explore the role of estrogen in providing cardioprotective benefits to premenopausal women, examining how hormonal differences between sexes influence the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in women.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighteen female Wistar rats were equally distributed into three treatment groups. Animals in Group I (sham-operated) and Group II (ovariectomized [OVX]) received oral saline solution at a dose of 2 mL/kg. Group III (OVX+E₂) received oral E₂ 2 µg/mL/kg after ovariectomy. Hemodynamic parameters and baroreflex sensitivity were determined in all groups. Plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured, along with those of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The OVX group, compared with the sham-operated group, displayed significantly altered hemodynamic parameters and baroreflex sensitivity, along with elevated MDA levels and decreased SOD and NO levels. This group also had higher levels of inflammatory cytokines than the sham-operated group. In the absence of estrogen, these factors led to the advancement of cardiovascular abnormalities. In the OVX+E₂ group, estrogen treatment considerably improved baroreflex sensitivity and hemodynamic profile while reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines compared with the OVX group, demonstrating anti-inflammatory actions of estrogen.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Estrogen mediates cardioprotection by improving baroreflex sensitivity in ovariectomized Wistar rats through modulation of the NO pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":54303,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Endocrinology Metabolism","volume":"68 Spec","pages":"e230521"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased NOX-dependent ROS production and proportionally enhanced antioxidant response in white adipose tissue of male rats.","authors":"Jessica de Freitas Nascimento, Keciany Alves de Oliveira, Paula Alexandre de Freitas, Júlia de Araújo Marques Falci, Renata Prado Vasconcelos, Saulo Chaves Magalhães, Talita Mendes Farias, Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso-Vale, Adriano Cesar Carneiro Loureiro, Denise Pires de Carvalho, Rodrigo Soares Fortunato, Ariclécio Cunha de Oliveira","doi":"10.20945/2359-4292-2024-0136","DOIUrl":"10.20945/2359-4292-2024-0136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the redox balance in subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat pads of male and female Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study analyzed the activity and gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, along with the production of NADPH oxidases dependent on H₂O₂ and gene expression of NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The retroperitoneal fat pad in males compared with females had greater NOX2 and NOX4 expression, along with higher superoxide dismutase activity. Additionally, their subcutaneous fat pad had greater NOX4 expression and higher intracellular H₂O₂ production, together with greater expression and activity of both superoxide dismutase and catalase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The white adipose tissue of male rats had greater reactive oxygen species (ROS) production compared with that of female rats, but also a proportionally greater antioxidant response. These findings are important for ongoing investigations into how sex differences may be linked to the development of metabolic diseases and the unique susceptibilities of each sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":54303,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Endocrinology Metabolism","volume":"68 Spec","pages":"e240136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating endothelial progenitor cells and inflammatory markers in type 1 diabetes after an acute session of aerobic exercise.","authors":"Patrícia Martins Bock, Raíssa Borges Monteiro, Clara Krummenauer Maraschin, Ana Paula Alegretti, Mariela Granero Farias, Fabiane Spagnol, Patricia Luciana da Costa Lopez, Lucas Porto Santos, Lucas Helal, Ruy Silveira Moraes, Daniel Umpierre, Beatriz D Schaan","doi":"10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0499","DOIUrl":"10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) counts and levels of inflammatory markers in individuals with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in response to an intense aerobic exercise session.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>In total, 15 adult men with T1DM and 15 healthy individuals underwent a 30-minute aerobic exercise session on a cycle ergometer at 60% of the peak heart rate. The EPC count (CD45^dim/CD34⁺/KDR⁺), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were measured before and 60 minutes after the session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found no difference within or between groups regarding EPC counts before and after the aerobic exercise: healthy individuals, 0.02% change (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.04%-0.08%); individuals with T1DM, 0.00% (95%CI -0.01%-0.01%). We also found no difference in TNF-α levels before and after exercise in healthy individuals (210.2, interquartile range [IQR] 142.1-401.2 pg/mL and 191.3, IQR 136.4-350.5 pg/mL, respectively) and in patients with T1DM (463.8, IQR 201.4-4306.0 pg/mL and 482.7, IQR 143.8-4304.3 pg/mL, respectively). Similarly, no difference in IL-6 levels was observed before and after exercise in healthy individuals (148.2, IQR 147.5-148.6 pg/mL and 148.2, IQR 147.7-148.6 pg/mL, respectively) and individuals with T1DM (147.2, IQR 145.9-147.7 pg/mL and 147.2, IQR 146.8-147.8 pg/mL, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with T1DM and healthy controls had comparable EPC responses to aerobic exercise, most likely due to the absence of a chronic inflammatory state.</p>","PeriodicalId":54303,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Endocrinology Metabolism","volume":"68 Spec","pages":"e230499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triiodothyronine (T3) increases the expression of the amphiregulin (AREG) oncogene by activating extranuclear pathways in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.","authors":"Maria Teresa De Sibio, Fernanda Cristina Fontes Moretto, Regiane Marques Castro Olimpio, Miriane de Oliveira, Lucas Solla Mathias, Vinícius Vigliazzi Peghinelli, Helena Paim Tilli, Bianca Mariani Gonçalves, Dariane Beatriz Marino Cardoso, Larissa Silva Dall Aqua, Igor de Carvalho Depra, Mariana Menezes Lourenço, Aline Carbonera Luvizon, Paula de Oliveira Montandon Hokama, Maria Tereza Nunes, Marna Eliana Sakalem, Célia Regina Nogueira","doi":"10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0094","DOIUrl":"10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Considering that the αvβ3 integrin plays an important role in tumor metastasis, this study investigated the involvement of these pathways in mediating the triiodothyronine (T3) effects on amphiregulin (<i>AREG</i>) expression.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We treated MCF-7 cells with T3 (10 nM) for 1 hour in the presence or absence of inhibitors for αvβ3 integrin (RGD peptide), MAPK (PD98059), PI3K (LY294002), and protein synthesis (cycloheximide [CHX]). A control group (C) received no T3 or inhibitors. Analyses of mRNA and protein expression were done using RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed that T3 increased <i>AREG</i> expression, an effect that was suppressed by all inhibitors. This finding indicates that the activation of the αvβ3 integrin signaling pathway, via PI3K, MAPK/ERK, is necessary for the T3-mediated effects on <i>AREG</i> expression and highlights the involvement of nongenomic mechanisms. In addition, CHX completely abolished T3-induced <i>AREG</i> mRNA expression, indicating that this effect requires prior protein synthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The identification that T3 acts through this signaling pathway holds considerable potential for clinical application, as it could lead to the development of specific drugs to block it.</p>","PeriodicalId":54303,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Endocrinology Metabolism","volume":"68 Spec","pages":"e240094"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}