{"title":"Knowledge-Guided Neuro–Symbolic Modeling for Mineral Prospectivity Mapping: A Case Study of Porphyry Cu–Mo Systems in Boise County, Idaho","authors":"Weilin Chen, Jiyin Zhang, Chenhao Li, Xiaogang Ma","doi":"10.1007/s11053-026-10750-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-026-10750-8","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral prospectivity mapping increasingly relies on machine learning to integrate geochemical and geological information, yet purely data-driven models often perform unreliably under sparse sampling, strong class imbalance, and complex geological controls, while traditional knowledge-driven approaches remain difficult to formalize and scale. This paper presents a neuro–symbolic prospectivity framework that incorporates geological knowledge extracted from deposit-model literature using large language models and embeds it into a data-driven learning pipeline. The framework integrates multi-element geochemical data, spatial geological features, and embedding-based geological priors derived from 87 ore deposit models, where the priors encode semantic relationships between mapped geological environments and mineral system concepts and act as soft guidance rather than deterministic constraints. Model performance is evaluated using spatial cross-validation and area-based targeting metrics that reflect exploration decision-making under limited spatial footprints. A case study of the CUMO porphyry Cu–Mo district (Boise County, Idaho, USA) shows that the proposed framework improves early-stage prospectivity targeting, particularly for joint Cu–Mo anomalies and under strong area constraints, while producing spatial prospectivity patterns that are consistent with mapped lithological and structural controls. The results demonstrate how LLM-assisted neuro–symbolic modeling can bridge geological reasoning and machine learning, supporting interpretable and decision-relevant mineral exploration workflows.","PeriodicalId":54284,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148538228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reza Chamani, Sharif Joorabian Shooshtari, Changhyun Jun, Sayed M. Bateni, Mehdi Vafakhah, Fatemeh Akbari Emamzadeh, Halime Joloro
{"title":"Assessing Watershed Health Based on Land-Use Changes and Climate Change Using PSR and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods","authors":"Reza Chamani, Sharif Joorabian Shooshtari, Changhyun Jun, Sayed M. Bateni, Mehdi Vafakhah, Fatemeh Akbari Emamzadeh, Halime Joloro","doi":"10.1007/s11053-026-10741-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-026-10741-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54284,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Research","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148440828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salim A. Salon, Sebastian S. Rodriguez, Jhon M. Muñoz-Barrera, Fabián Gallego, Cesar Mora, Deysi P. Forero, Jose F. Osorno, Cristian Peñafort
{"title":"A GIS–AHP Framework for Sustainable Well Placement: Application for Natural Gas and Hydrogen Exploration in the Eastern Cordillera Basin, Colombia","authors":"Salim A. Salon, Sebastian S. Rodriguez, Jhon M. Muñoz-Barrera, Fabián Gallego, Cesar Mora, Deysi P. Forero, Jose F. Osorno, Cristian Peñafort","doi":"10.1007/s11053-026-10721-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-026-10721-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54284,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148428874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huizhu Du, Xiao Cui, Jiayong Zhang, Liwen Guo, Kai Wang, Jianguo Wu, Yanlei Guo, Haijun Guo
{"title":"Characteristics of Coal Spontaneous Combustion and Gas Distribution Under Varying CO2 Concentrations in Goaf Oxidation Zones: Experiments and Simulations","authors":"Huizhu Du, Xiao Cui, Jiayong Zhang, Liwen Guo, Kai Wang, Jianguo Wu, Yanlei Guo, Haijun Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11053-026-10738-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-026-10738-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54284,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of Multiple GRACE Solutions for Estimation of Terrestrial Water Storage Trends over Türkiye","authors":"Hilal Şimşek, Emel Zeray Öztürk","doi":"10.1007/s11053-026-10746-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-026-10746-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54284,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Research","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julie E. Bourdeau, Mohammad Parsa, Christopher J. M. Lawley, Steve R. Beyer, Bruce Kjarsgaard, Tommy Tremblay
{"title":"Bridging the Scale Gap: Regional Refinement of National Mineral Prospectivity Models for Nunavut, Canada","authors":"Julie E. Bourdeau, Mohammad Parsa, Christopher J. M. Lawley, Steve R. Beyer, Bruce Kjarsgaard, Tommy Tremblay","doi":"10.1007/s11053-026-10699-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-026-10699-8","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral exploration in the Arctic is challenging, resulting in decreased survey and mineral discovery rates. Data-driven mineral prospectivity mapping is intended to reduce exploration risk by delineating promising areas. However, data sparsity, especially of deposit locations, is a critical bottleneck. In this study, we developed and tested a method to conduct data-driven mineral prospectivity mapping in regions where annotated data are too sparse. Our method is predicated on the existence of large-scale mineral prospectivity frameworks (data, models and methods), which are fine-tuned using regional ground truth to produce locally refined predictions. This is possible because the spatial transferability of trained machine learning models is incomplete. We explicitly tested the hypothesis of limited spatial transferability. To within limitations of our experimental design, our results are supportive of our hypothesis that the incorporation of new positive samples into an existing training dataset preferentially influences the local outcome. Using a suite of critical minerals combined with published data and models in Canada, we demonstrated that by treating large-scale mineral prospectivity frameworks as foundational, it is productive to fine-tune trained models using regional data. Although national-scale maps exist prior to this study, they did not incorporate a substantial amount of ground truth from Nunavut. Therefore, through regional refinement, we produced the inaugural version of a set of pan-Canadian mineral prospectivity maps that are specifically refined for Nunavut for: (1) flake graphite; (2) magmatic Ni (±Cu ±Co ±PGE); and (3) Mississippi Valley-type Pb–Zn. The regional refinement method is a perspectivist and federated approach to MPM that extracts additional value from large-scale mineral prospectivity frameworks and provides an interoperable method for national, regional and inter-regional mineral exploration.","PeriodicalId":54284,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Research","volume":"12 13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elieneza Nicodemus Abelly, Feng Yang, Nafouant Mouigni Baraka, Irene Martin Ndunguru, Allou Koffi Franck Kouassi, Elizabeth Frederick Mumbuli
{"title":"Improving Sorption Capacity in Tight Reservoirs Through an Advanced Generalized Group Method of Data Handling (g-GMDH)","authors":"Elieneza Nicodemus Abelly, Feng Yang, Nafouant Mouigni Baraka, Irene Martin Ndunguru, Allou Koffi Franck Kouassi, Elizabeth Frederick Mumbuli","doi":"10.1007/s11053-026-10732-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-026-10732-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54284,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Research","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}