Jolanta Brożek, Adam Stroiński, Anna Romaniak, Thierry Bourgoin
{"title":"Disparity of metatibial and metatarsal cuticular and sensory structures in Cixiidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) with a metatibiotarsal diagnosis for the tribes.","authors":"Jolanta Brożek, Adam Stroiński, Anna Romaniak, Thierry Bourgoin","doi":"10.1186/s40851-024-00239-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40851-024-00239-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A review of the cuticular and sensory metatibial and metatarsal structures in cixiid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) is proposed, depicting both their strong disparity and the great diversity of the patterns observed. Terminology and definitions for these structures are provided. The so-called lateral teeth of the metatibia in fact are particular styloconic sensory structures, called spiniform sensilla in Cixiidae. The apical metatibiotarsal teeth are non-sensory cuticular expansions, often bearing one or several chaetic sensilla ventrally, generally distributed in an internal and an external group of three teeth each, in some instances separated by a diastema; innermost and outermost teeth are generally larger. On the first tarsomere seven to eight teeth generally occur in one row, although two rows are observed in Brixidiini. A strong diversity of conformations and patterns is observed in the second metatarsomere. A specific subdorsal sensillum, of platellar type, may be present in the first metatarsomere teeth for a few taxa. It is generally present in the second metatarsomere, either as a narrow-based acutellar sensillum or as a broad-based platellar sensillum according to the taxon. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of 54 species of cixiids from all described tribes of the family, supplemented by data from the literature, are used to provide a metatibiotarsal diagnosis for each of the tribes of Cixiidae. In the state of our knowledge of the sufficiently precise observations of metatibiotarsal structures in the Cixiidae which are available, and of the phylogeny of the group as a frame of reference for their interpretations, we note that the observed patterns are probably the result of multiple and independent convergences and evolutionary regressions. These occurred at all levels of cixiid classification. Although these patterns can be useful in the identification of taxa at a low taxonomic level, they would be less useful for phylogenetic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The burrower bug Macroscytus japonensis (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) acquires obligate symbiotic bacteria from the environment.","authors":"Takuma Nakawaki, Shuto Watanabe, Takahiro Hosokawa","doi":"10.1186/s40851-024-00238-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40851-024-00238-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many plant-feeding stinkbugs belonging to the infraorder Pentatomomorpha possess a specialized symbiotic organ at the posterior end of the midgut, in which mutualistic bacterial symbionts are harbored extracellularly. In species of the superfamily Pentatomoidea, these symbionts typically are verticallytransmitted from host mothers to offspring, whereas in species of the superfamilies Coreoidea and Lygaeoidea they are acquired from the environment. In the pentatomoid family Cydnidae, vertical symbiont transmission has been reported in several species. Here, we report the first case of environmental symbiont acquisition in Cydnidae, observed in the burrower bug Macroscytus japonensis. A comprehensive survey of 72 insect samples from 23 sites across the Japanese archipelago revealed that (1) symbionts exhibit remarkably high diversity, forming six distinct phylogenetic groups within the Enterobacteriaceae of the γ-Proteobacteria, (2) most symbionts are cultivable and closely related to free-living Pantoea-allied bacteria, and (3) symbiont phylogenetic groups do not reflect the host phylogeny. Microbial inspection of eggs revealed the absence of bacteria on the egg surface. These results strongly suggest that symbionts are acquired from the environment, not vertical transmission. Rearing experiments confirmed environmental symbiont acquisition. When environmental symbiont sources were experimentally withheld, nymphs became aposymbiotic and died before molting to the second instar, indicating that nymphs environmentally acquire symbionts during the first-instar stage and that symbionts are essential for nymphal growth and survival. This study highlights Cydnidae as the only pentatomoid family that includes species that environmentally acquire symbionts and those that vertically transmit symbionts, providing an ideal platform for comparative studies of the ecological and environmental factors that influence the evolution of symbiont transmission modes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11297623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Head in the clouds: two new microendemic tepui-summit species of Stefania (Anura: Hemiphractidae).","authors":"Philippe J R Kok","doi":"10.1186/s40851-024-00237-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40851-024-00237-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In addition to the type locality (the summit of Aprada-tepui, Bolívar State of Venezuela), the distribution of the egg-brooding frog Stefania satelles was long thought to include several isolated tabletop mountain (tepui) summits surrounding the large Chimantá Massif in Bolívar State (hence the Latin name \"satelles\"). However, multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed that this taxon includes several undescribed morphologically cryptic species, and that S. satelles should be restricted to its type locality. Two tepui-summit species confused under that name in the literature remain to be named, and the present paper aims at describing these populations previously referred to as Stefania sp. 3 and S. sp. 5. Stefania sp. 3 is only known from the small summit of Angasima-tepui, while S. sp. 5 is only reported from the small summit of Upuigma-tepui, both mountains being located south of the Chimantá Massif. These new, phylogenetically distinct species are described based on external morphology and osteology and in comparison to close relatives in the S. ginesi clade, which consists exclusively of tepui summit species. Both new species have highly restricted geographic ranges (less than 3 km<sup>2</sup>) and should be listed as Critically Endangered according to IUCN criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11295383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Systematics and phylogeny of the entomopathogenic nematobacterial complexes Steinernema-Xenorhabdus and Heterorhabditis-Photorhabdus.","authors":"Vladimír Půža, Ricardo A R Machado","doi":"10.1186/s40851-024-00235-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40851-024-00235-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, along with their bacterial symbionts from the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, respectively, are important biological control agents against agricultural pests. Rapid progress in the development of genomic tools has catalyzed a transformation of the systematics of these organisms, reshaping our understanding of their phylogenetic and cophlylogenetic relationships. In this review, we discuss the major historical events in the taxonomy and systematics of this group of organisms, highlighting the latest advancements in these fields. Additionally, we synthesize information on nematode-bacteria associations and assess the existing evidence regarding their cophylogenetic relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11256433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141635848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krzysztof Kowalski, Paweł Marciniak, K Anne-Isola Nekaris, Leszek Rychlik
{"title":"Proteins from shrews' venom glands play a role in gland functioning and venom production.","authors":"Krzysztof Kowalski, Paweł Marciniak, K Anne-Isola Nekaris, Leszek Rychlik","doi":"10.1186/s40851-024-00236-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40851-024-00236-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Venom production has evolved independently many times in the animal kingdom, although it is rare among mammals. Venomous shrews produce venom in their submandibular salivary glands and use it for food acquisition. Only a few toxins have been identified in shrew venoms thus far, and their modes of action require investigation. The biological and molecular processes relating to venom production and gland functioning also remain unknown. To address this gap, we investigated protein content in extracts from venom glands of two shrew species, Neomys fodiens and Sorex araneus, and interpreted their biological functions. Applying a proteomic approach coupled with Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, we identified 313 and 187 putative proteins in venom glands of N. fodiens and S. araneus, respectively. A search of the UniProt database revealed that most of the proteins found in both shrew species were involved in metabolic processes and stress response, while GO enrichment analysis revealed more stress-related proteins in the glands of S. araneus. Molecules that regulate molecule synthesis, cell cycles, and cell divisions are necessary to enable venom regeneration and ensure its effectiveness in predation and food hoarding. The presence of proteins involved in stress response may be the result of shrews' high metabolic rate and the costs of venom replenishment. Some proteins are likely to promote toxin spreading during envenomation and, due to their proteolytic action, reinforce venom toxicity. Finally, finding numerous proteins involved in immune response suggests a potential role of shrew venom gland secretions in protection against pathogens. These findings open up new perspectives for studying biological functions of molecules from shrew venom glands and extend our knowledge on the functioning of eulipotyphlan venom systems. Because the majority of existing and putative venomous mammals use oral venom systems to inject venom into target species, the methods presented here provide a promising avenue for confirming or discovering new taxa of venomous mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11251227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sexual dimorphism in the tardigrade Paramacrobiotus metropolitanus transcriptome.","authors":"Kenta Sugiura, Yuki Yoshida, Kohei Hayashi, Kazuharu Arakawa, Takekazu Kunieda, Midori Matsumoto","doi":"10.1186/s40851-024-00233-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40851-024-00233-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In gonochoristic animals, the sex determination pathway induces different morphological and behavioral features that can be observed between sexes, a condition known as sexual dimorphism. While many components of this sex differentiation cascade show high levels of diversity, factors such as the Doublesex-Mab-3-Related Transcription factor (DMRT) are widely conserved across animal taxa. Species of the phylum Tardigrada exhibit remarkable diversity in morphology and behavior between sexes, suggesting a pathway regulating this dimorphism. Despite the wealth of genomic and zoological knowledge accumulated in recent studies, the sexual differences in tardigrades genomes have not been identified. In the present study, we focused on the gonochoristic species Paramacrobiotus metropolitanus and employed omics analyses to unravel the molecular basis of sexual dimorphism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transcriptome analysis between sex-identified specimens revealed numerous differentially expressed genes, of which approximately 2,000 male-biased genes were focused on 29 non-male-specific genomic loci. From these regions, we identified two Macrobiotidae family specific DMRT paralogs, which were significantly upregulated in males and lacked sex specific splicing variants. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis indicated all tardigrade genomes lack the doublesex ortholog, suggesting doublesex emerged after the divergence of Tardigrada. In contrast to sex-specific expression, no evidence of genomic differences between the sexes was found. We also identified several anhydrobiosis genes that exhibit sex-biased expression, suggesting a possible mechanism for protection of sex-specific tissues against extreme stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides a comprehensive analysis for analyzing the genetic differences between sexes in tardigrades. The existence of male-biased, but not male-specific, genomic loci and identification of the family specific male-biased DMRT subfamily provides the foundation for understanding the sex determination cascade. In addition, sex-biased expression of several tardigrade-specific genes which are involved their stress tolerance suggests a potential role in protecting sex-specific tissue and gametes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11191345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sebastian H Decker, Sarah Lemer, Simone Decker, Masato Hirose, Mildred J Johnson, Thomas Schwaha
{"title":"Boring life: early colony formation and growth in the endolithic bryozoan genus Penetrantia Silén, 1946.","authors":"Sebastian H Decker, Sarah Lemer, Simone Decker, Masato Hirose, Mildred J Johnson, Thomas Schwaha","doi":"10.1186/s40851-024-00234-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40851-024-00234-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As in most colonial and sessile marine invertebrates, bryozoan life history is characterized by asexual propagation of zooids for colonial growth and by sexual production of larvae for dispersal. However, comprehensive life histories, particularly in cryptic species such as endolithic (boring) bryozoans, remain poorly understood. The ctenostome family Penetrantiidae is widespread from temperate to tropical waters and often found in molluscan shells, offering an opportunity to study the boring lifestyle and its potential impact on bioerosion through growth and settlement experiments. Our research focused on Penetrantia clionoides from Guam in the Pacific Ocean, Penetrantia japonica from Japan, and a Penetrantia species from France in the Atlantic Ocean. We found distinct life histories and reproductive patterns potentially influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and food availability. The tropical P. clionoides displayed higher rates of larval production and growth compared to its temperate counterpart. For instance, the mean stolon extension was 335.2 μm/week in P. clionoides versus 232.1 μm/week in Penetrantia sp. Autozooid development took 13 days in P. clionoides and 31 days in Penetrantia sp. Anatomical features like apertural rims aided in species identification and in understanding larval settlement preferences, suggesting a tendency for philopatric settlement behavior. The bioerosional impact of penetrantiids remains little understood, but we generated first projections of bioerosion rates and a protocol for keeping Penetrantia under laboratory conditions, laying a foundation for further research in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11179354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141322011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ya-Fu Lee, Yen-Min Kuo, Bing-Yuan Chuang, Hui-Ching Hsu, Yi-Jun Huang, Yu-Chen Su, Wen-Chen Lee
{"title":"Brood success of sex-role-reversed pheasant-tailed jacanas: the effects of social polyandry, seasonality, and male mating order","authors":"Ya-Fu Lee, Yen-Min Kuo, Bing-Yuan Chuang, Hui-Ching Hsu, Yi-Jun Huang, Yu-Chen Su, Wen-Chen Lee","doi":"10.1186/s40851-024-00231-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-024-00231-2","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple mating by avian females may increase hatching and overall brood success; however, reproductive effort and parental investment are costly, and females may be gradually depleted, with lowered outputs over time. Thus, males in social polyandry systems may differ greatly in their reproductive gains. In the present study, we investigated the reproductive outputs of social polyandrous and sex-role-reversed pheasant-tailed jacanas, Hydrophasianus chirurgus, to assess the effects of polyandry, seasonality, and male mating order on breeding success. Female jacanas produced multiple clutches, either by leaving two or more clutches with an individual male (22%), or by mating with two or more males (78%). The polyandrous females laid both the first and second clutches earlier and showed a breeding period more than twice as long as that of monandrous females. Both polyandry and seasonality affected the fate of a clutch, where clutches from polyandrous females and the early season had higher hatching and brood success rates, but the number of polyandrous females declined over the season. Polyandrous females not only laid more clutches and eggs, and gained more hatchlings and fledglings, but also achieved higher per-clutch outputs and hatching rates than monandrous females. In polyandry groups, males gained higher total hatchlings and fledglings, although not total clutches or eggs, than males in monandry or bi-andry groups. Moreover, males in polyandry groups achieved higher hatchlings and fledglings per clutch and higher hatching and brood success rates. In polyandry groups, the first-mating males obtained more clutches, eggs, and hatchlings; however, they did not have higher success rates, nor total fledglings and per-clutch outputs, than males who mated later. Overall, the results indicate a selective advantage of polyandry for the jacanas studied, particularly in the early breeding season. This advantage, however, differs both between the sexes and intra-sexually, suggesting strong connections with certain ecological/environmental conditions in addition to the jacanas’ own quality.","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140830210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Archidona-Yuste, I Clavero-Camacho, A N Ruiz-Cuenca, C Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, G Liebanas, P Castillo, J E Palomares-Rius
{"title":"The more we search, the more we find: discovering and expanding the biodiversity in the ring nematode genus Xenocriconemella De Grisse and Loof, 1965 (Nematoda: Criconematidae).","authors":"A Archidona-Yuste, I Clavero-Camacho, A N Ruiz-Cuenca, C Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, G Liebanas, P Castillo, J E Palomares-Rius","doi":"10.1186/s40851-024-00230-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40851-024-00230-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ring nematode genus Xenocriconemella De Grisse and Loof, 1965 comprises only one nominal species, Xenocriconemella macrodora (Taylor, 1936) De Grisse and Loof, 1965. The initial objective of the present study was to investigate the morphological-morphometric and molecular diversity of 28 X. macrodora populations in the Iberian Peninsula associated with tree forests (mainly Quercus spp.). However, a detailed integrative taxonomic analysis (morphological-morphometric and molecular data) from each population and analysis of this data using principal component analysis (PCA) for morphometric data (including these 28 populations and other 25 X. macrodora populations around the world) and molecular and phylogenetic species delimitation methods revealed that X. macrodora forms a species complex. This species complex is composed by species that are morphometricly and morphologically similar, but clearly different at the molecular level. Three new species are described applying integrative taxonomy, namely as Xenocriconemella iberica sp. nov., Xenocriconemella paraiberica sp. nov. and Xenocriconemella pradense sp. nov. However, the molecular diversity of this species in USA and Italy confirmed that additional species are likely present in this species complex, and the diversity of this group may be higher than expected. The study of X. macrodora topotypes can clarify the position of this species using molecular markers under an integrative approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10962084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Starvation resistance in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus requires a conserved supplementary nuclear receptor.","authors":"Tobias Theska, Tess Renahan, Ralf J Sommer","doi":"10.1186/s40851-024-00227-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40851-024-00227-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) are a deeply-conserved superfamily of metazoan transcription factors, which fine-tune the expression of their regulatory target genes in response to a plethora of sensory inputs. In nematodes, NHRs underwent an explosive expansion and many species have hundreds of nhr genes, most of which remain functionally uncharacterized. However, recent studies have reported that two sister receptors, Ppa-NHR-1 and Ppa-NHR-40, are crucial regulators of feeding-structure morphogenesis in the diplogastrid model nematode Pristionchus pacificus. In the present study, we functionally characterize Ppa-NHR-10, the sister paralog of Ppa-NHR-1 and Ppa-NHR-40, aiming to reveal whether it too regulates aspects of feeding-structure development. We used CRISPR/CAS9-mediated mutagenesis to create small frameshift mutations of this nuclear receptor gene and applied a combination of geometric morphometrics and unsupervised clustering to characterize potential mutant phenotypes. However, we found that Ppa-nhr-10 mutants do not show aberrant feeding-structure morphologies. Instead, multiple RNA-seq experiments revealed that many of the target genes of this receptor are involved in lipid catabolic processes. We hypothesized that their mis-regulation could affect the survival of mutant worms during starvation, where lipid catabolism is often essential. Indeed, using novel survival assays, we found that mutant worms show drastically decreased starvation resistance, both as young adults and as dauer larvae. We also characterized genome-wide changes to the transcriptional landscape in P. pacificus when exposed to 24 h of acute starvation, and found that Ppa-NHR-10 partially regulates some of these responses. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Ppa-NHR-10 is broadly required for starvation resistance and regulates different biological processes than its closest paralogs Ppa-NHR-1 and Ppa-NHR-40.</p>","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10938818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}