Zoological Letters最新文献

{"title":"A self-marker-like protein governs hemocyte allorecognition in <i>Halocynthia roretzi</i>.","authors":"Masaki Ema, Taizo Okada, Miki Takahashi, Masato Uchiyama, Hideo Kubo, Hideaki Moriyama, Hitoshi Miyakawa, Midori Matsumoto","doi":"10.1186/s40851-019-0149-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40851-019-0149-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-incompatibility, fusion/non-fusion reactions, and contact reactions (CRs) have all been identified as allorecognition phenomena in ascidians. CR is a reaction characteristic of the hemocytes of <i>Halocynthia roretzi</i>, whereby they release phenol oxidase (PO) upon contact with non-self hemocytes. Thus, these cells may represent a primitive form of the vertebrate immune system. In the present study, we focused on the CR of <i>H. roretzi</i> hemocytes and sought to identify self-marker proteins that distinguish between self and non-self cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We initially generated a CR-inducing monoclonal antibody against the complete hemocyte membrane-protein complement (mAb11B16B10). This antibody was identified based on the differential induction of PO activity in individual organisms. The level of PO activity induced by this antibody in individual ascidians was consistent with the observed CR-induced PO activity. mAb11B16B10 recognized a series of 12 spots corresponding to a 100-kDa protein, with differing isoelectric points (pIs). A comparison of the 2D electrophoresis gels of samples from CR-reactive/non-reactive individuals revealed that some spots in this series in hemocytes were common to the CR-non-inducible individuals, but not to CR-inducible individuals. We cloned the corresponding gene and named it <i>Halocynthia roretzi</i> self-marker-like protein-1 (HrSMLP1). This gene is similar to the glycoprotein DD3-3 found in <i>Dictyostelium,</i> and is conserved in invertebrates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We generated a CR-inducing monoclonal antibody (mAb11B16B10) that recognized a series of novel membrane proteins (HrSMLP1) in the hemocytes of <i>H. roretzi</i>. The combination of expressed spots of HrSMLP1 distinguishes non-self cells from self cells with respect to CR inducibility. Given that the HrSMLP1 gene is a single gene, it may represent a novel type of self-marker protein with a role in CR.</p>","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6916515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37502532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral tuning mediated by helix III in butterfly long wavelength-sensitive visual opsins revealed by heterologous action spectroscopy.","authors":"Tomoka Saito,&nbsp;Mitsumasa Koyanagi,&nbsp;Tomohiro Sugihara,&nbsp;Takashi Nagata,&nbsp;Kentaro Arikawa,&nbsp;Akihisa Terakita","doi":"10.1186/s40851-019-0150-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0150-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Absorption spectra of opsin-based pigments are tuned from the UV to the red regions by interactions of the chromophore with surrounding amino acid residues. Both vertebrates and invertebrates possess long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsins, which underlie color vision involving \"red\" sensing. The LWS opsins have independently evolved in each lineage, which suggests the existence of diverse mechanisms in spectral tuning. In vertebrate LWS opsins, the mechanisms underlying spectral tuning have been well characterized by spectroscopic analyses with recombinant pigments of wild type (WT) and mutant opsins. However in invertebrate LWS opsins including insect ones, the mechanisms are largely unknown due to the difficulty in obtaining recombinant pigments. Here we have overcome the problem by analyzing heterologous action spectra based on light-dependent changes in the second messenger in opsin-expressing cultured cells. We found that WTs of two LWS opsins of the butterfly, <i>Papilio xuthus</i>, PxRh3 and PxRh1 have the wavelengths of the absorption maxima at around 570 nm and 540 nm, respectively. Analysis of a series of chimeric mutants showed that helix III is crucial to generating a difference of about 15 nm in the wavelength of absorption maxima of these LWS opsins. Further site-directed mutations in helix III revealed that amino acid residues at position 116 and 120 (bovine rhodopsin numbering system) are involved in the spectral tuning of PxRh1 and PxRh3, suggesting a different spectral tuning mechanism from that of primate LWS opsins.</p>","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40851-019-0150-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37502533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recapitulation-like developmental transitions of chromatin accessibility in vertebrates","authors":"Masahiro Uesaka, S. Kuratani, H. Takeda, Naoki Irie","doi":"10.1186/s40851-019-0148-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0148-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40851-019-0148-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47475606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene expression profiles of dicyemid life-cycle stages may explain how dispersing larvae locate new hosts","authors":"Tsai-Ming Lu, H. Furuya, N. Satoh","doi":"10.1186/s40851-019-0146-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0146-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40851-019-0146-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42068180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium ions in the aquatic environment drive planarians to food","authors":"M. Mori, Maria Narahashi, Tetsutaro Hayashi, Miyuki Ishida, Nobuyoshi Kumagai, Yuki Sato, R. Bagherzadeh, K. Agata, Takeshi Inoue","doi":"10.1186/s40851-019-0147-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0147-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40851-019-0147-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48088984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of fin rays along the antero-posterior axis based on their connection to distal radials","authors":"Hiroki Hamada, Toshiaki Uemoto, Yoshitaka Tanaka, Yu Honda, Keiichi Kitajima, Tetsuya Umeda, A. Kawakami, M. Shinya, K. Kawakami, K. Tamura, Gembu Abe","doi":"10.1186/s40851-019-0145-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0145-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40851-019-0145-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46132064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 100-million-year old predator: a fossil neuropteran larva with unusually elongated mouthparts","authors":"J. Haug, P. Müller, C. Haug","doi":"10.1186/s40851-019-0144-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0144-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40851-019-0144-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45334698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life in a tube: morphology of the ctenostome bryozoan <i>Hypophorella expansa</i>.","authors":"Philipp Pröts,&nbsp;Andreas Wanninger,&nbsp;Thomas Schwaha","doi":"10.1186/s40851-019-0142-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0142-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bryozoa is a large phylum of colonial aquatic suspension feeders. The boring ctenostome <i>Hypophorella expansa</i> is unique and inhabits parchment-like polychaete tubes. Morphological studies date back to the nineteenth century, but distinct adaptations to this specific habitat have not been properly analysed, which prompted us to reexamine the morphology of this recently encountered species. The colony of <i>H. expansa</i> is composed of elongated stolonal kenozooids with a distal capsule-like expansion. A median transversal muscle is present in the latter, and one autozooid is laterally attached to the capsule. Unique stolonal wrinkles are embedded in the thin parts of the stolons. Single autozooids are attached in an alternating right-left succession on subsequent stolons. Polypide morphology including digestive tract, muscular system and most parts of the nervous system are similar to other ctenostomes. The most obvious apomorphic features of <i>Hypophorella</i> are space balloons and the gnawing apparatus. The former are two fronto-lateral spherical structures on autozooids, which provide space inside the tube. The latter perforates layers of the polychaete tube wall and consists of two rows of cuticular teeth that, together with the entire vestibular wall, are introvertable during the protrusion-retraction process. The apertural muscles are in association with this gnawing apparatus heavily modified and show bilateral symmetry. Adaptations to the unique lifestyle of this species are thus evident in stolonal wrinkles, autozooidal space balloons and the gnawing apparatus. The growth pattern of the colony of <i>H. expansa</i> may aid in rapid colonization of the polychaete tube layers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40851-019-0142-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41220140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of cis-regulatory modules for the head organizer gene goosecoid in chordates: comparisons between Branchiostoma and Xenopus","authors":"Yuuri Yasuoka, Yukiko Tando, K. Kubokawa, M. Taira","doi":"10.1186/s40851-019-0143-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0143-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40851-019-0143-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47621009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary processing neuropils associated with the malleoli of camel spiders (Arachnida, Solifugae): a re-evaluation of axonal pathways","authors":"Andy Sombke, A. Klann, E. Lipke, H. Wolf","doi":"10.1186/s40851-019-0137-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0137-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54280,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40851-019-0137-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46179827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}