Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach最新文献

{"title":"Asymmetry in Limb Stiffness, Joint Power, and Joint Work During Landing in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patients.","authors":"Michael A Teater, Daniel Schmitt, Douglas W Powell, Robin M Queen","doi":"10.1177/19417381251338218","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381251338218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kinetic and kinematic side-to-side limb asymmetries can increase after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Limb stiffness asymmetry has not been previously explored.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Athletes with ACLR will exhibit greater asymmetry in limb stiffness, peak eccentric joint power, and eccentric joint work compared with asymptomatic controls during landing.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case-control study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty athletes with 5.9 ± 1.4 months removed from ACLR and 40 asymptomatic athletes completed 7 stop-jumps (SJs) during a single session. Three-dimensional motion capture and ground-reaction force data were collected during landing. Normalized symmetry index values for limb stiffness, peak eccentric joint power, and eccentric joint work of athletes with bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) grafts, athletes with hamstring grafts, and control athletes were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Athletes with ACLR had greater knee power Athletes with ACLR had greater knee power (BPTB, 29.1 ± 17.6; hamstring, 27.3 ± 14.1; Control, 14.2 ± 10.7; <i>P</i> < 0.01) and knee work (BPTB, 35.2 ± 21.5; hamstring, 32.1 ± 18.4; Control, 14.9 ± 10.1; <i>P</i> < 0.01) asymmetries than control athletes. Athletes with BPTB grafts and hamstring grafts both displayed larger knee power and work asymmetries compared with control athletes (P < 0.01 for each comparison), with no differences between graft types (P = 0.90 and <i>P</i> = 0.80, respectively). No between-group differences were found in limb stiffness (BPTB, 16.2 ± 10.8; hamstring, 13.5 ± 9.83; Control, 13.9 ± 9.33; <i>P</i> = 0.63), ankle power (BPTB, 16.5 ± 11.4; hamstring, 14.4 ± 13.0; Control, 18.3 ± 14.0; <i>P</i> = 0.55), ankle work (BPTB, 20.9 ± 13.0; hamstring, 17.4 ± 14.9; Control, 18.4 ± 12.8; <i>P</i> = 0.69), hip power (BPTB, 17.6 ± 12.8; hamstring, 19.5 ± 11.3; Control, 13.3 ± 9.08; <i>P</i> = 0.09), or hip work (BPTB, 17.2 ± 13.9; hamstring, 24.6 ± 14.1; Control, 16.2 ± 11.7; <i>P</i> = 0.06) asymmetries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Athletes with ACLR use asymmetric landing strategies that favor their nonsurgical limb, resulting in greater knee power and knee work asymmetries compared with controls. No between-group asymmetry differences in limb stiffness, ankle power and work, and hip power and work were found.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>After 5.9 ± 1.4 months removed from ACLR surgery, athletes favor their nonsurgical limb at the knee, risking further injury. While limb stiffness asymmetry was not different between groups, the groups appeared to modulate limb stiffness differently between limbs to produce similar asymmetry values.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381251338218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12089123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Influence of Quadriceps Peak Torque and Rate of Torque Development on Running Mechanics After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.","authors":"Amit M Gohil, Gregory S Hawk, Darren L Johnson, Christopher S Fry, Brian Noehren","doi":"10.1177/19417381251338283","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381251338283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), chronic changes in knee joint biomechanics during higher level tasks, such as running, may negatively impact long-term knee joint health. Among the factors that contribute to these chronic changes, the influence of quadriceps strength on knee joint biomechanics during running is not well understood.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Higher involved limb quadriceps strength (peak torque and rate of torque development [RTD]) and limb symmetry index (LSI) will be positively associated with greater peak knee flexion angle and peak knee extensor moment during running.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peak knee extensor moment and peak knee flexion angle were analyzed during the stance phase of running, 6 months following ACLR (n = 26; 18 female participants; age, 19 ± 5.0 years). Involved limb quadriceps strength and LSI were calculated for peak torque and RTD. Linear regression models were used to analyze the relationship between involved limb and LSI values of quadriceps peak torque and RTD to peak knee flexion angle and peak knee extensor moment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quadriceps peak torque (<i>R</i>² = 0.37; <i>P</i> < .01) and RTD (<i>R</i>² = 0.31, <i>P</i> < .01) each had a positive relationship to peak knee extensor moment, but not peak knee flexion angle. Quadriceps peak torque and RTD LSI were not associated with peak knee flexion angle or peak knee extensor moment (<i>P</i> > .20).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Quadriceps peak torque and RTD are positively associated with running kinetics 6 months after ACLR. Peak torque and RTD LSI were not associated with running mechanics after ACLR.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Quadriceps peak torque and rate of torque development are positively associated with running mechanics after ACLR. Clinicians should consider objective assessments of quadriceps strength before initiating running after ACLR.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381251338283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12089110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steady or Swaying? Assessing the Reliability of the HUMAC Balance System in Athletes With Chronic Low Back Pain.","authors":"Sumbul Ansari, Saurabh Sharma","doi":"10.1177/19417381251334638","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381251334638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Balance is a fundamental component of athletic performance. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent issue in athletes, impacting performance. Balance assessment plays a crucial role in CLBP rehabilitation. Reliable techniques are essential for balance assessment. The CSMi HUMAC balance system offers promise in this regard. This study aimed to assess the reliability of the HUMAC balance system and to determine the minimal detectable change (MDC) for center of pressure (CoP) indices (sway index [SI], overall stability index [OSI], mediolateral stability index [MLSI], and anteroposterior stability index [APSI]) during squats and limits of stability (LoS) outcomes.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>The HUMAC balance system will demonstrate high test-retest reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) >0.80, when used to assess balance in athletes with CLBP.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Repeated measures design.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 15 athletes (aged 18-30 years) with CLBP were included. The athletes underwent assessment of balance parameters on 2 separate occasions separated by a 1-week interval. Reliability was assessed using ICC_2,1, standard error of measurement (SEM), and Bland-Altman plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intrarater reliability for all CoP indices during squats and LoS tests showed excellent values (ICC, 0.84-0.98), with no significant systematic bias detected in Bland-Altman plots.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The HUMAC balance system is a reliable tool for assessing balance in athletes with CLBP.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The HUMAC balance system demonstrates reliability in assessing balance for athletes with CLBP. This will allow clinicians to monitor changes in balance and potentially track the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381251334638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of the Uninvolved Limb as Comparator When Calculating Return to Sports Hop Test Symmetry After ACL Reconstruction.","authors":"Elanna K Arhos, Angela H Smith, Naoaki Ito, May Arna Risberg, Lynn Snyder-Mackler, Karin Grävare Silbernagel","doi":"10.1177/19417381251334639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381251334639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Horizontal hop testing is a reliable measure included in test batteries after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Hop test results are typically expressed as limb symmetry indexes (LSIs) comparing the involved limb with the uninvolved limb. Using the uninvolved limb as a comparative measure has been questioned due to concerns that performance may be reduced in this limb also and may not be a stable comparison across time, leading to a falsely inflated LSI. Here, we report changes in uninvolved limb hop scores over 5 timepoints after ACLR.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Uninvolved limb hop scores would be similar between preoperative rehabilitation and 2 years after ACLR.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Level I and II athletes were enrolled after isolated ACL injury. Participants completed a preoperative hop testing battery after impairment resolution, preoperative rehabilitation, and 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after ACLR. Linear mixed-effects models were performed separately for each hop and each limb to characterize change in scores over time. Pairwise comparisons for fixed effects of timepoint and estimated marginal means are reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 182 athletes (25.0 ± 8.8 years, 44% female) were enrolled a mean of 54 days from ACL injury. For each hop, the uninvolved limb hop distance was statistically different from the impairment resolution timepoint only to various follow-up timepoints (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.009). If athletes underwent preoperative rehabilitation, uninvolved limb hop distance was stable throughout the duration of rehabilitation until 2 years, apart from timed hop from 6 months to 2 years (<i>P</i> = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The uninvolved limb is a stable comparison for calculating hop test LSIs as part of return-to-sport decisions.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These results increase confidence in using symmetry as an outcome and are important for clinicians lacking preinjury hop testing data.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381251334639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Premorbid Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Concussion Recovery in Collegiate Student-Athletes.","authors":"Sabrina P Sawlani, Joshua T Goldman, Talin Babikian, David L McArthur, Douglas Polster, Michael McCrea, Thomas McAllister, Christopher C Giza, Justus D Ortega, Nicholas Port, Margot Putukian, Jane McDevitt, Christopher C Giza, Joshua T Goldman, Holly J Benjamin, Thomas Buckley, Thomas W Kaminski, James R Clugston, Luis A Feigenbaum, James T Eckner, Jason P Mihalik, Scott Anderson, Christina L Master, Anthony P Kontos, Sara P O Chrisman, Kenneth Cameron, Stefan Duma, Christopher M Miles","doi":"10.1177/19417381241255308","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241255308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental health disorders are linked to prolonged concussion symptoms. However, the association of premorbid anxiety/depression symptoms with postconcussion return-to-play timelines and total symptom burden is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association of self-reported premorbid anxiety/depression symptoms in collegiate student-athletes with (1) recovery times until asymptomatic, (2) return-to-play, and (3) postconcussion symptom burden.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Athletes in the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education Consortium completed baseline concussion assessments (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool [SCAT3] and Brief Symptom Inventory-18 [BSI-18]). Athletes were tested postinjury at <6 hours, 24 to 48 hours, time of asymptomatic and start of return-to-play protocol, unrestricted return-to-play, and 6 months after injury. Injured athletes were categorized into 4 groups based on BSI-18 scores: (1) B-ANX, elevated anxiety symptoms only; (2) B-DEP, elevated depression symptoms only; (3) B-ANX&DEP, elevated anxiety and depression symptoms; and (4) B-NEITHER, no elevated anxiety or depression symptoms. Relationship between age, sex, BSI-18 group, SCAT3 total symptom and severity scores, and time to asymptomatic status and return-to-play was assessed with Pearson's chi-squared test and robust analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1329 athletes with 1352 concussions, no respondents had a self-reported premorbid diagnosis of anxiety/depression. There was no difference in time until asymptomatic or time until return-to-play between BSI-18 groups (<i>P</i> = 0.15 and <i>P</i> = 0.11, respectively). B-ANX, B-DEP, and B-ANX&DEP groups did not have higher total symptom or severity scores postinjury compared with the B-NEITHER group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baseline anxiety/depression symptoms in collegiate student-athletes without a mental health diagnosis are not associated with longer recovery times until asymptomatic, longer time to return-to-play, or higher postconcussion total symptom and severity scores compared with athletes without baseline symptoms.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Anxiety and depression symptoms without a clear mental health diagnosis should be considered differently from other comorbidities when discussing prolonged recovery in collegiate student-athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"498-511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Shoulder Injuries in Female Athletes Playing Overhead Sports: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Malia C Steele, Tessa R Lavorgna, Victoria K Ierulli, Mary K Mulcahey","doi":"10.1177/19417381241259987","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241259987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Sports involving overhead motions put substantial biomechanical demands on the shoulder and may result in injuries.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine risk factors (RFs) for shoulder injuries in female athletes who play overhead sports and evaluate strategies to reduce shoulder injuries in these athletes.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic electronic search was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases included were PubMed, Tulane Matas Library Search Engine, and Google Scholar, with search terms: \"Overhead injuries/Shoulder AND female athletes AND Risk Factors.\"</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Of the initial 1574 studies identified, 314 were evaluated for eligibility by full-text review and 291 studies were excluded. Overall, 23 studies were included in this study. Studies were published from 2000 to 2021, subject age range was 15 to 35 years, with documented prevalence of shoulder injuries in female athletes playing overhead sports.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic review.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two independent researchers completed abstract and full-text review. Data extraction used the Covidence and Cochrane Consumer guide template.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Volleyball was the most common sport with shoulder injuries (6/23; 26%) followed by softball 5/23 (22%), swimming 5/23 (22%), gymnastics 4/23 (17%), tennis 3/23 (13%), water polo 2/23 (8%), and basketball 1/23 (4%). Six RFs (dominant shoulder, volume/overuse, time in sport, older age at time of injury, past injury, and multidirectional instability) were described. Of the 23 studies, 9 (39%) identified the dominant shoulder as a RF for sustaining injury (mean risk ratio [RR], 2.04), while 6 (26%) cited volume of repetition and overuse as a prominent RF (RR, 1.45).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review demonstrates important RFs for shoulder injuries in female athletes associated with playing overhead sports. Multiple prevention strategies are described. Prevention programs are helpful in reducing the risk of reinjury.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"512-522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Injuries Among National Basketball Association Players: 2013-2014 Through 2018-2019.","authors":"Christina D Mack, Mackenzie M Herzog, Travis G Maak, Asheesh Bedi, Rahul Gondalia, Peter Meisel, Frederick M Azar, Jimmie Mancell, Aaron Nelson, John DiFiori","doi":"10.1177/19417381241258482","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241258482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the epidemiology of injuries to athletes is essential to informing injury prevention efforts.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>The incidence and impact of basketball-related injuries among National Basketball Association (NBA) players from 2013-2014 through 2018-2019 is relatively stable over time.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Descriptive epidemiology study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Injuries from 2013-2014 through 2018-2019 were analyzed using the NBA Injury and Illness Database from an electronic medical record system. Descriptive statistics were calculated for injuries by season, game-loss, and onset. Incidence rates were estimated using Poisson models and linear trend tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 552 and 606 players participated in ≥1 game per season during the study. Annual injury incidence ranged from 1550 to 1892, with 33.6% to 38.5% resulting in a missed NBA game. Game-loss injury rates ranged from 5.6 to 7.0 injuries per 10,000 player-minutes from 2014-2015 through 2018-2019 (<i>P</i> = 0.19); the rate was lower in 2013-2014 (5.0 injuries per 10,000 player-minutes), partly due to increased preseason injury rates and transition of reporting processes. The 6-year game-loss injury rate in preseason and regular season games was 6.9 (95% CI 6.0, 8.0) and 6.2 (95% CI 6.0, 6.5) injuries per 10,000 player-minutes; the rate in playoff games was lower (<i>P</i> < 0.01) at 2.8 (95% CI 2.2, 3.6). Most (73%) game-loss injuries had acute onset; 44.4% to 52.5% of these involved contact with another player.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From 2013-2014 through 2018-2019, over one-third of injuries resulted in missed NBA games, with highest rates of game-loss injuries in preseason games and lowest rates in playoff games. Most game-loss injuries had acute onset, and half of those involved contact with another player.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings - through reliable data reporting by team medical staff in an audited system - can guide evidence-based injury reduction strategies and inform player health priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"585-593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141322010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Progressive and Velocity-Based Autoregulatory Resistance Training on Lower-Limb Movement Ability in Taekwondo Athletes.","authors":"Zijing Huang, Jing Dai, Lunxin Chen, Liang Yang, Min Gong, Duanying Li, Jian Sun","doi":"10.1177/19417381241262024","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241262024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Both autoregulatory progressive resistance exercise (APRE) and velocity-based resistance training (VBRT) utilize real-time monitoring of athlete physical performance to adjust training loads to provide appropriate training stimuli. However, the monitoring and adjustment approaches differ between both methods. This study aimed to compare the effects of APRE and VBRT on the muscle strength, power, and agility of college taekwondo athletes.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Eight weeks of APRE and VBRT will promote similar results to strength gains in regards maximal strength, but VBRT will be superior to APRE in explosive power and agility.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty taekwondo athletes were divided randomly into 2 groups (VBRT/APRE), and all participants completed an 8-week APRE/VBRT intervention. Maximum strength, explosive power, and agility performance were assessed during the squat 1-repetition maximum (1RM), countermovement jump (CMJ), drop jump (DJ), kicking strength test (KST), taekwondo-specific agility test (TSAT), and hexagon test (HT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Highly significant time effects (<i>P</i> < 0.01) were observed for squat 1RM, CMJ, and TSAT in both the APRE and VBRT groups. However, there were no significant group-by-time differences for any of the measured outcomes to intergroup (<i>P</i> > 0.05), but APRE had a small effect size (ES) over VBRT for CMJ (ES = 0.48, <math><mrow><mi>η</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>p</mi></mrow></math> = 0.06), TSAT (ES = 0.26, <math><mrow><mi>η</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>p</mi></mrow></math> = 0.02), and HT (ES = 0.42, <math><mrow><mi>η</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>p</mi></mrow></math> = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An 8-week autoregulatory APRE and VBRT can both effectively improve both the maximal strength, explosive power, and agility performance of taekwondo athletes, with APRE exhibiting potential advantages in improving CMJ, TSAT, and HT.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These results provide important insights into the selection of suitable resistance training programs by professional coaches, taking into account athlete needs, training efficiency, and safety considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"545-555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of COVID-19 on Injury Incidence and Severity in Professional Female Football Players: A Cohort Prospective Study.","authors":"Víctor Moreno-Pérez, Javier Courel-Ibáñez, José María Oliva-Lozano, David Barrachina Celda, Miguel Ángel Buil, Israel Álvarez Miguel, Estrella Armada-Cortes, Pablo Gasulla-Angles, Honorio Martínez Martínez, Víctor Sebastía-Paredes, Joaquín González-Ródenas, Juan Del Coso","doi":"10.1177/19417381241262031","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241262031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Earlier statements suggested a negative impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on sports performance and injury risk. With the COVID-19 pandemic under control and the dominance of a less-severe strain of the virus, there is a need to confirm whether these adverse effects still apply to the current situation.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Infected players would have a higher noncontact muscle injury incidence compared with noninfected counterparts.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort observational study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven teams (n = 147 players) competing in the Spanish professional women's football league (Liga F) were prospectively monitored during the 2021-2022 season. Data from noncontact injuries were recorded and classified following the latest consensus statement from the International Olympic Committee. COVID-19 was certified by the medical staff by regular polymerase chain reaction analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-two players suffered at least 1 noncontact muscle injury during the season. Injury incidence during the season was similar in players with COVID-19 (n = 83) and players without infection (5.1 ± 6.7 versus 4.9 ± 10.0 injuries/1000 h of play, respectively; <i>P</i> = 0.90). Players with COVID-19 were not more likely to suffer noncontact injuries compared with those players without infection (<i>R</i>² = 0.02; odds ratio [OR] 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.36-1.38; <i>P</i> = 0.31). There was no effect of COVID-19 on the days of absence due to injury (<i>R</i>² = 0.01; OR 95% CI = 1.00-1.01; <i>P</i> = 0.44) or in the classification of the severity of the injury (<i>P</i> = 0.79).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>COVID-19 has no significant effect on noncontact injury incidence and severity in professional female football players.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Currently, COVID-19 infection does not alter noncontact muscle injury risk in professional football and requires no further attention in terms of injury management. Usual return-to-play protocols apply to COVID-19 considering the particularities of each player since the severity of infection, period of inactivity, and effects on the player's health and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"491-497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11556620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of High-Velocity Versus Low-Velocity Resistance Training on Muscle Echo Intensity in Healthy Young Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Zimin Wang, Masashi Taniguchi, Junya Saeki, Noriaki Ichihashi","doi":"10.1177/19417381241257181","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241257181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Improving muscle quality to prevent and treat muscle dysfunction is critical. However, effective measures to improve muscle quality remain poorly understood. We investigated the effects of high- and low-velocity resistance training (RT) on muscle quality, mass, and function before and after an 8-week intervention.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>High-velocity RT would improve muscle quality more effectively than low-velocity RT.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 1.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 33 healthy young women (23.1 ± 2.2 years) were assigned randomly to high-velocity (n = 16) or low-velocity (n = 17) groups. Both groups underwent concentric knee extension RT with a 60% 1-repetition maximum (1RM) load, performing 10 repetitions of 4 sets, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The high-velocity group was instructed to complete each repetition as quickly as possible (mean repetition duration of 0.5 seconds), while the low-velocity group was required to execute each repetition in 3 seconds. Before and after the 8-week intervention, quadriceps femoris echo intensity (EI), muscle thickness (MT), isokinetic peak torque (60 and 300 deg/s), rate of velocity development (RVD) at 300 deg/s, and 1RM were assessed. Split-plot factorial design analysis of variance was used to compare the group × time interaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A group×time interaction was observed for EI (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Only the high-velocity group showed a significant reduction in EI after the intervention. MT revealed a main effect of time (<i>P</i> < 0.01), with both groups significantly increasing MT. RVD showed a group × time interaction (<i>P</i> < 0.05), with significant increase only in the high-velocity group. Isokinetic peak torque and 1RM showed main effects of time (<i>P</i> < 0.01), with significant increases in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-velocity RT may be superior to low-velocity RT in enhancing muscle quality and RVD.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These results emphasize the importance of RT velocity for muscle quality improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"637-645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}