International Breastfeeding Journal最新文献

{"title":"Economic and environmental impacts of commercial milk formula in Indonesia: estimates and comparisons using the Cost of Not Breastfeeding, Green Feeding, and Mothers' Milk Tools.","authors":"Nabila Nur Septiani, Andini Pramono, Tuan Thanh Nguyen, Roger Mathisen, Julie Smith","doi":"10.1186/s13006-025-00732-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-025-00732-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sales of commercial milk formula products (CMF) are rising rapidly. This study analysed key economic and environmental impacts CMF feeding in Indonesia, which are often overlooked in policy discussions despite their relevance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the economic and environmental impacts of CMF in Indonesia in 2020 using the Mothers' Milk Tool (MMT), the Green Feeding Tool (GFT) and the Cost of Not Breastfeeding Tool (CONBF). We compared the estimated values from these tools with calculations based on Euromonitor data on CMF retail sales in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2020, according to the MMT, women in Indonesia produced around 455 million litres of breastmilk for infants aged < 6 months, which had an estimated monetary value of US$45.5 billion. The MMT and GFT shows substantial economic losses from displacement of breastfeeding in Indonesia; 62-96 million litres of breastmilk were lost in 2020 compared to the biologically feasible potential. The GFT tool calculates a carbon footprint of 215-274 million kg of CO₂ eq. and a water footprint of 93,037 million litres. The CONBF estimates that the annual cost to families of purchasing CMF for infants aged < 24 months was US$598.6 million. By comparison, Euromonitor retail sales data suggests that in 2020, the retail value of sales of CMF products targeting the age group 0-36 months was around US$2.25 billion. Euromonitor also reports 27,200 tonnes of CMF products targeting infants < 6 months were sold in Indonesia in 2020. We calculate a carbon footprint from these sales of 299-381 million kg CO2 eq. and a water footprint of 129,064 million litres, higher than the GFT estimate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Breastfeeding's economic importance to Indonesia far exceeds the retail value of CMF sales. Displacing breastfeeding carries high but largely undocumented economic and environmental costs. Losses are greater when measured as a food resource than as health costs, lost lives, or cognitive decline. Environmental impacts based on sales data are higher than those from survey data. Our findings and the discrepancies between tools reveal a critical gap in national statistics and highlight the need to recognise breast milk as an economically valuable, healthy, and sustainable national resource in Indonesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":54266,"journal":{"name":"International Breastfeeding Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exclusive breastfeeding and its associated factors among children aged 0-5 months in Sierra Leone: a multilevel analysis.","authors":"Alieu Tommy, Augustus Osborne, Ola Farid Jahanpour, Lovel Fornah, Joseph Sam Kanu, Longying Zha","doi":"10.1186/s13006-025-00725-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-025-00725-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exclusive breastfeeding is a crucial public health intervention with significant benefits for infants and maternal health. In Sierra Leone, despite national efforts to promote exclusive breastfeeding, prevalence remains suboptimal. Understanding the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding practices among children aged 0-5 months is essential for developing effective interventions to increase exclusive breastfeeding rates. This study examined the sociodemographic, and healthcare-related factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in Sierra Leone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey was used for the study. A mixed-effect multilevel binary logistic regression models was fitted to examine the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in Sierra Leone. The results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and intra-cluster correlation coefficients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among children aged 0-5 months was 54.1% (95% CI 50.2, 57.9) in Sierra Leone. Children aged 2-3 months (aOR 0.30; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.45) and 4-5 months (aOR 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.13) had lower odds of exclusive breastfeeding than those aged 0-1 months. Children of mothers with a history of skilled birth attendance (aOR 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.96) had lower odds of exclusive breastfeeding than those without skilled birth attendance. Children of mothers in rural areas (aOR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.55) had higher odds for exclusive breastfeeding than those in urban areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest a need for targeted interventions to improve exclusive breastfeeding rates, particularly for infants aged 2-5 months, where the odds are significantly lower. There is also a critical need to enhance postnatal care and education for mothers, especially those with skilled birth attendance, to ensure they receive adequate support for breastfeeding practices. Furthermore, leveraging the strengths observed in rural areas could inform community-based strategies that promote exclusive breastfeeding, highlighting the importance of culturally sensitive approaches that address the unique challenges faced by urban mothers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54266,"journal":{"name":"International Breastfeeding Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12039153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wet-nursing as a new strategy for orphan care in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Abdulaziz Albrithen, Shamma Alfalasi","doi":"10.1186/s13006-025-00727-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-025-00727-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Saudi Arabia hosts more than 150 charitable institutions dedicated to vulnerable groups, such as orphan care associations that provide orphaned children with food, clothing, housing, and other care until they reach adulthood. The Al-Wedad Society for Orphan Care (ASOC) in Saudi Arabi operates a wet nursing program in which Saudi mothers breastfeed orphans in their care under specific conditions and circumstances. The program is intended to not only help the orphans survive and receive the psychological and nutritional benefits of breastfeeding but also establish kinship between the child and the members of the family providing the wet nursing and so support children's emotional wellbeing and belonging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ASOC wet nursing program was explored using two methods: content analysis of existing sources, such as documents and archival records, and in-depth interviews with ASOC full-time administrations and professional practitioners (n = 9). Data collection took approximately five months (January 2022 to May 2022).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study reveals the positive values of wet-nursing as beneficial for both orphans and volunteer wet nurses. The results illustrate that the wet-nursing program has undertaken steps to ensure health and safety requirements of participants. The program elaborates many positives. First, after completing the breastfeeding program, the child becomes a relative of the whole family not only breastfed mother. Second, the breastfeeding could be a solution for many abandoned children dealing with a loss of identity as it gives them a sense of belonging to a family and community. Third, the child feels more secure and confident to interact normally with family members of the opposite sex especially upon reaching adolescence. They can communicate freely with fellow family members with fewer constraints, a greater sense of belonging, and less stigmatization than would otherwise be the case.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This ASOC wet nursing program has been successful in supporting the breastfeeding and legal belonging via milk kinship of children in alternative care families but challenges remain. More research is needed on the impact of programs such as the ASOC wet nursing program on children, alternative caregiving families and societies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54266,"journal":{"name":"International Breastfeeding Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12039250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding problems and associated factors: a cross-sectional study after the 2023 Türkiye earthquake.","authors":"Meryem Erat Nergiz, Adnan Barutçu, Bülent Güneş, Habip Almış, Zeynep Yılmaz Öztorun, Özlem Tezol, Nalan Karabayır, Emel Kabakoğlu Ünsur, Emel Örün, Siddika Songül Yalçın","doi":"10.1186/s13006-025-00724-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-025-00724-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breastfeeding offers critical benefits in disasters but faces significant barriers. In this study, we aimed to determine the association between experiencing the 2023 Türkiye earthquake and breastfeeding problems.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in pediatric clinics in eight different provinces of Türkiye, three earthquake-affected provinces and five earthquake-unaffected provinces, between April and July 2023. Breastfeeding mothers and their 0-23 month infants were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was applied to mothers face-to-face. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent parameters associated with breastfeeding problems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 761 mother-child pairs participated in the study. Among these mothers, 49% (n = 373) were living in the earthquake-affected region, and 51% (n = 388) were not. Breastfeeding problems were more common in the earthquake-affected mother-child pairs (48.8%) compared to unaffected pairs (28.6%). Perceived insufficient milk supply was the most common breastfeeding problem, reported by 33.0% in earthquake-affected regions and 11.1% in unaffected region. Breastfeeding problems were 2.01 times more common in mothers from earthquake-affected region (95% CI: 1.45, 2.77) and 1.66 times more common in those who bottle-fed their infants (95% CI: 1.45, 2.37). Perceived insufficient milk supply was 4.12 times more prevalent in earthquake-affected regions (95% CI: 2.73, 6.22) and 1.78 times higher in bottle-feeding mothers (95% CI: 1.23, 2.57). The likelihood of perceived insufficient milk supply was lower in mothers receiving mental health support (AOR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.84) and nutritional support (AOR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.89).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Perceived insufficient milk supply is the most common breastfeeding challenge reported by mothers affected by earthquakes, occurring more frequently than among mothers who were not affected. This issue is associated with increased bottle feeding, limited mental health support, and inadequate nutritional support. Addressing this issue through adherence to the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, controlling donation and distribution of commercial milk formula to discourage bottle feeding, alongside ensuring nutritional and mental health support for mothers, could significantly mitigate breastfeeding difficulties during disasters.</p>","PeriodicalId":54266,"journal":{"name":"International Breastfeeding Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12008951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human milk bank services and Islamic milk kinship: pathways and processes for ensuring respect for religious law and tradition in the provision of donor human milk for small vulnerable newborns.","authors":"Karleen D Gribble, Paul Zambrano, Amal Omer-Salim, Mei Chien Chua, Nemat Hajeebhoy, Tuan T Nguyen, Andini Pramono, Roger Mathisen","doi":"10.1186/s13006-025-00704-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-025-00704-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Islam provides strong support for infants to be breastfed, including for wet nursing where mothers are unable to breastfeed. Amongst those infants who may be in need of breastmilk from another woman are small vulnerable newborns. These infants can benefit from donor human milk from a human milk bank (HMB). However, in Islamic contexts, HMBs must be both medically and religiously safe and take account of the religious principle of milk kinship whereby the consumption of breastmilk can create a family relationship between the donor mother and the infant. This paper explores the variety of circumstances under which milk kinship may be created and highlights the two main pathways followed by HMBs to ensure religious safety. It presents the case of the KK HMB in Singapore as an example demonstrating how close collaboration between medical and religious authorities can enable HMBs to provide donor human milk to small vulnerable newborns. Finally, key processes for HMB establishment in the context of Islamic milk kinship are outlined including partnering with key religious leaders, knowing and working with local understandings of milk kinship, ensuring clear communication, proactively addressing community concerns and designing and adapting HMB processes to ensure religious requirements can be maintained.</p>","PeriodicalId":54266,"journal":{"name":"International Breastfeeding Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing early initiation of breastfeeding in Afghanistan: secondary analysis of the Afghanistan MICS 2022-23.","authors":"Essa Tawfiq, Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai, Zarghoon Tareen, Sayed Ali Shah Alawi, Abdul Wahed Wasiq, Omid Dadras","doi":"10.1186/s13006-025-00723-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-025-00723-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Initiating breastfeeding immediately within the first hour following birth has positive effects on the mother's and newborn's health and wellbeing. Little is known about the early initiation of breastfeeding and associated factors in Afghanistan. In this study, we addressed this research gap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the Afghanistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2022-23. Data were analysed from 11,992 ever-married women, aged 15-49 years, who delivered a live child in the last 2 years before the survey. The outcome was early initiation of breastfeeding and defined as initiating breastfeeding within the first hour of birth. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 11,992 women, 46.9% initiated breastfeeding within the first hour of birth. The likelihood of early initiation of breastfeeding was greater in women with secondary or higher education (AOR 1.44 [95% CI 1.26, 1.63]), in women belonging to the second wealth quintile (AOR 1.17 [95% CI 1.04, 1.31]), in women who had access to media (AOR 1.15 [95% CI 1.03, 1.29]), and in women who had mobile phones (AOR 1.25 [95% CI 1.15, 1.37]). The likelihood was lower in women who gave birth at home (AOR 0.60 [95% CI 0.55, 0.66]), at private hospitals or clinics (AOR 0.65 [95% CI 0.56, 0.76]), as compared to women who gave birth at public clinics or hospitals, and in women living in rural areas (AOR 0.88 [95% CI 0.78, 0.95]). Women who had C-section for their latest live birth (AOR 0.26 [95% CI 0.21, 0.32]), and women who had very small-sized babies (AOR 0.89 [95% CI 0.79, 0.99]) were less likely to report early initiation of breastfeeding.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With nearly half of Afghan women delaying breastfeeding beyond the first hour of birth, targeted health policies and interventions are crucial. Addressing key socioeconomic and healthcare disparities through education, equitable access to maternal care, and community-based awareness programs can promote early breastfeeding practices and improve neonatal health outcomes in Afghanistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":54266,"journal":{"name":"International Breastfeeding Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11987306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast milk feeding practices and frequencies among complementary-fed children: a cross-sectional study in Northern Thailand.","authors":"Krongporn Ongprasert, Jakarin Chawachat, Wuttipat Kiratipaisarl, Penprapa Siviroj","doi":"10.1186/s13006-025-00719-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-025-00719-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The available data on milk feeding patterns and feeding frequency during the complementary feeding phase are limited. This study aimed to examine breastfeeding practices and assess the associations between milk feeding type, feeding method, and feeding frequency among complementary-fed children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and May 2024 at well-baby clinics in Chiang Mai, Thailand, and included 1,122 parents of children aged 6-24 months. Milk feeding practices were assessed through 24-hour recall interviews and categorized by feeding type and feeding method. Subgroup analyses were conducted for bottle-fed and breastfed children. Poisson regression was used to evaluate the effect modifications of child age on daytime and nighttime feeding frequency across different feeding methods and types.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of breastfeeding was 46.3%, whereas bottle feeding was reported in 76.5% of the children. The average feeding frequency was 5.8 times per 24 h, with 2.1 feedings occurring at night. Among children who exclusively consumed breast milk until 18-24 months, 95.2% were fed directly from the breast. Compared with a single milk type or a single feeding method, the trend of partial breastfeeding and combined feeding methods was associated with significantly higher feeding frequencies. At night, children who were exclusively formula-fed or bottle-fed had fewer nighttime feedings than those who were exclusively breastfed or directly breastfed at 12, 18, and 24 months. However, subgroup analysis revealed minimal differences in nighttime feeding frequency between the feeding groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed a high prevalence of discontinued breastfeeding and bottle feeding among young children. For those who continued exclusive breast milk consumption until nearly two years of age, direct breastfeeding remained the predominant feeding method. The associations between feeding method and milk type with feeding frequency were more pronounced during the daytime. However, at night, the relationships between feeding frequency and these factors were less consistent in both the overall and subgroup analyses, suggesting that nighttime feeding frequency is likely influenced by multiple factors beyond milk type and feeding method. Future longitudinal studies are needed to identify additional determinants of feeding frequency and their implications for child health.</p>","PeriodicalId":54266,"journal":{"name":"International Breastfeeding Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing breastfeeding initiation and duration in women with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m²: developing an intervention from theory to acceptability.","authors":"Stephanie Lyons, Sinead Currie, Sarah Peters, Dame Tina Lavender, Emilie Turnbull, Ria Bhatia, Zaynab Khan, Debbie M Smith","doi":"10.1186/s13006-025-00720-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-025-00720-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breastfeeding has many health benefits for both mother and child, but rates of initiation and duration amongst women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² are low. Few interventions aiming to increase breastfeeding in this group have been successful; likely because existing interventions do not target psychological factors. Therefore, this study aimed to design and explore the acceptability of a newly developed psychological intervention to increase breastfeeding initiation and duration in women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m².</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Medical Research Council's Complex Intervention Development Framework was followed to design the intervention. A 'breastfeeding workbook' was developed, based on literature and psychological theory, and filled with tailored information and activities. A Patient and Public Involvement group of women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² who had breastfed, health professionals and researchers were consulted throughout the process, selecting the intervention content, format and delivery methods. Thirteen women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² then reviewed the workbook and took part in in-depth qualitative interviews to assess its acceptability. Thematic analysis was conducted, informed by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability version 2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings reveal the intervention is acceptable to the target population; women believe the intervention shows promise for increasing breastfeeding initiation and duration, is representative of their experiences, is accessible, and aligns with their belief system. They valued that the intervention provided realistic expectations of breastfeeding, options to overcome the challenges of breastfeeding in the real-world and supported them to breastfeed without inducing stigma or shame regarding their weight or infant feeding practices. Suggestions for improvement are also included, such as incorporating audio and video content as alternatives to written text and translation options.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An acceptable, psychological intervention was developed to increase breastfeeding initiation and duration in women with BMIs ≥ 30 kg/m². These findings can inform maternity and breastfeeding care, future research directions and intervention development.</p>","PeriodicalId":54266,"journal":{"name":"International Breastfeeding Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding practices and associated factors among first-time mothers attending governmental maternal and child health clinics in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia: a mixed method study.","authors":"Frieselam Zewdu, Solomon Mekonnen, Azeb Atenafu","doi":"10.1186/s13006-025-00718-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13006-025-00718-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding are among those optimal breastfeeding practices endorsed by World Health Organization to reduce child morbidity and mortality. However, worldwide, less than half of the mothers practiced early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding including first-time mothers who need even more emphasis as their decision to initiate early and exclusively breastfeed their first child raises the likelihood of doing the same for the subsequent. This study aimed to assess early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding practices and associated factors among first-time mothers attending governmental maternal and child health clinics in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A facility-based cross-sectional quantitative study on 885 first-time mothers selected by two-stage sampling complemented by a phenomenological qualitative study on 23 purposively chosen participants was conducted from February 24 to May 27, 2021. The quantitative study involved a pre-tested structured questionnaire and binary logistic regression was done for data analysis. The qualitative study involved in-depth interview, and the data was thematically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>In this study, 74.7% (95% CI 71.8, 77.5) of the mothers practiced early initiation while 46.8% (95% CI 43.5, 50.1) of them breastfed exclusively. Vaginal delivery (AOR 5.63, 95% CI 3.64, 8.71), not giving prelacteal feeding (AOR 5.54, 95% CI 3.50, 8.78) and colostrum feeding (AOR 2.89, 95%CI 1.85, 4.52) were predictors of early initiation of breastfeeding. On the other hand; delivery at a health facility (AOR 3.13, CI 1.58, 6.18), number of PNC visits [1 visit (AOR 1.88, CI 1.27, 2.77), 2-3 (AOR 1.97, CI 1.25, 3.12) and ≥ 4 (AOR 3.61, CI 1.53, 8.54)], not giving prelacteal (AOR 2.14, CI 1.32, 3.48), husband's support (AOR 2.34, CI 1.13, 4.83) and health workers' support (AOR 4.34, CI 1.98, 9.53) were found to be determinants for exclusive breastfeeding which were also shown in the qualitative.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The magnitudes of early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding practices were lower than the national target and global recommendation for universal coverage plus most of the significant factors were maternal and child health service related factors. So, strengthening the services is crucial and the main focus should be on first-time mothers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54266,"journal":{"name":"International Breastfeeding Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11980222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical evaluation of Ayush-SS granules in exclusively breastfeeding mothers with insufficient lactation: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Upma Saxena, Sarada Ota, Shivshankar Rajput, Bhavna Anand, Arunabh Tripathi, Richa Singhal, Adarsh Kumar, Abhishek Lachyan","doi":"10.1186/s13006-025-00721-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13006-025-00721-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast milk is essential for infant growth and development, with exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) recommended for the first six months. Many mothers experience insufficient milk production, leading to early supplementation or cessation of breastfeeding. Ayurvedic formulations, such as Ayush-SS granules, have been proposed to enhance lactation. This study evaluated Ayush-SS granules as a galactagogue, with EBF at six months as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included infant weight gain over 90 days and maternal perceptions of lactation sufficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted between 1 February 2021 and 31 January 2023 at Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India. A total of 210 lactating mothers (aged 20-40 years) with full-term singleton infants (≥ 37 weeks, ≥ 2.5 kg) experiencing insufficient lactation were enrolled. Infants who had not regained birth weight by day 14 or gained < 20 g/day after day 15 were included. Participants were randomized (1:1) to receive 6 g of Ayush-SS granules or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. All participants received standardized breastfeeding counseling. Safety monitoring was conducted, and an intention-to-treat analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At six months, 74 of 106 (69.8%) infants in the Ayush-SS group were exclusively breastfed, compared to 47 of 105 (44.8%) in the placebo group (p < 0.001). After 90 days, 81 of 106 infants (76.5%) in the Ayush-SS group gained ≥ 20 g/day compared to 44 of 105 (41.8%) in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Maternal perceptions of insufficient lactation were significantly lower in the Ayush-SS group (15.3% vs. 58.2%). No severe adverse events related to the intervention were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ayush-SS granules significantly improved EBF rates at six months, maternal perceptions of lactation sufficiency, and infant weight gain. These findings suggest their potential as a galactagogue for mothers with insufficient milk production. Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and maternal dietary influences.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>CTRI/2019/08/020579 [Registered on: 06/08/2019].</p>","PeriodicalId":54266,"journal":{"name":"International Breastfeeding Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}