Global Ecology and Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Balancing agricultural sustainability and conservation: Strategies for resource intensive systems in Spain and beyond","authors":"Francisco José Castillo-Díaz ,&nbsp;Luis J. Belmonte-Ureña ,&nbsp;Carmen Martín-Navarro ,&nbsp;Francisco Camacho-Ferre","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural systems face significant sustainability challenges, particularly in regions where resources are scarce. This study examines the sustainability performance of rainfed, irrigated, and greenhouse farming systems in Spain and Andalusia, highlighting the trade-offs and synergies between economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Rainfed systems demonstrate strong environmental benefits but face limitations in economic returns. In contrast, irrigated and greenhouse systems contribute to economic development and social equity through higher productivity and employment, yet they exert considerable pressure on water resources and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. By employing stepwise multiple regression analysis, this research identifies actionable strategies, such as adopting precision agriculture, promoting circular economy practices, and implementing targeted subsidies, to enhance resource efficiency and mitigate environmental impacts. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to balance productivity with sustainability in agricultural systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article e03633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Native tropical forest species regeneration in non-native eucalyptus tree plantations along the agricultural landscapes of south-eastern Malagasy highlands","authors":"Miora V. Rakotoarisoa ,&nbsp;Stéphanie M. Carrière ,&nbsp;Herizo Randriambanona ,&nbsp;Anne-Elisabeth Laques ,&nbsp;Tonny Rakotondrabe ,&nbsp;Josoa R. Randriamalala","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The plantation of fast-growing exotic species is an increasing phenomenon in tropical regions, with eucalyptus being the most prevalent species. Eucalyptus plantations (EP) have the potential to facilitate the regeneration of native species; however, in some cases, they may also hinder this process. The factors influencing the effects of EP on the regeneration of native species remain poorly understood. This study aims to identify the conditions that make these plantations favorable or unfavorable for the regeneration of native species. We investigated EP in agricultural landscapes in the south-eastern Malagasy highlands, located at the edge of dense rainforest. Floristic surveys were conducted in 20 EP situated at varying distances from natural forest fragments (near&lt;950 m, in forest edge; intermediate/far&gt;950 m in savannah). The understory of EP was characterised by a high abundance of native species. However, they were found to be more abundant and diverse in the intermediatestory of EP located near natural forest fragments. These native species are still in the early stages of plant succession, as they have essentially occupied the understory of the EP and contribute minimally to the basal area. The basal areas of native species in EP sites adjacent to natural forests are, in fact, comparable to those found in 0–5-year-old slash-and-burn fallows, which also occur on the periphery of natural forests. EP established in savannahs away from natural forests can act as catalysts for the natural regeneration of native species that would not occur without them. Conversely, EP on the edge of or within natural forests slow down the natural regeneration of native species, which would develop more rapidly in their absence. This study emphasises the significance of landscape spatial context in optimising the role of EP in the conservation and restoration of tropical forest ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article e03631"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of rainforest into monoculture plantations alters the density, species richness and community composition of oribatid mites and selects for a higher dominance of parthenogenetic species","authors":"Isma Dwi Kurniawan ,&nbsp;Dorothee Sandmann ,&nbsp;Sergey G. Ermilov ,&nbsp;Rahayu Widyastuti ,&nbsp;Winda Ika Susanti ,&nbsp;Anton M. Potapov ,&nbsp;Mark Maraun ,&nbsp;Stefan Scheu ,&nbsp;Ting-Wen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transformation of rainforests into oil palm and rubber plantations poses a major threat to tropical biodiversity. This has been well documented for a number of above- and belowground taxa; however, to what extent this applies to oribatid mites is little studied. Oribatid mites (Oribatida, Acari) are ubiquitous, abundant and diverse soil invertebrates, sensitively responding to land-use changes. Here, we examined alterations in density, species richness, community composition and life history strategy of oribatid mites following the transformation of tropical lowland rainforests into oil palm and rubber plantations in Jambi province, Sumatra, a region heavily affected by deforestation in Indonesia. Oribatid mites were sampled from litter and soil of four different land-use systems: rainforest, rubber agroforest (‘jungle rubber’), rubber and oil palm monoculture plantations. Oribatid mites in the litter layer more sensitively responded to changes in land use than those in soil, with density and species richness in rubber and oil palm plantations being significantly lower than those in rainforest. Community composition in rainforest and juggle rubber was similar, and distinct from that in rubber and oil palm plantations. In monoculture plantations, life history strategy of oribatid mites shifted towards parthenogenetic reproduction with larger genital plate, while sex ratio, egg number per female and body size were little affected. Soil pH and water content were identified as main drivers of community composition in both litter and soil, while soil microbial biomass correlated only with oribatid mite community composition in litter. Our results stress the critical role of plant litter in supporting oribatid mite communities in the face of land-use change. The similar community structure, life history strategies and environmental characteristics in rainforest and jungle rubber point to agroforestry as a promising management option to safeguard soil biodiversity in plantation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article e03625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change drives range contraction and shapes species distribution in an alpine passerine: Caution required when comparing atlas data","authors":"Sandro López-Ramírez,&nbsp;Antonio-Román Muñoz","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The White-winged Snowfinch (<em>Montifringilla nivalis</em>), a specialist in alpine habitats, is highly vulnerable to climate change due to its reliance on high-elevation environments, which are experiencing accelerated warming, alterations in snow dynamics, and significant shifts in phenology, among other factors. These habitats, crucial for breeding and feeding, are often under-sampled due to their remoteness and difficult accessibility. Furthermore, they are shrinking, particularly at the species' range edges. Comparing data from the II and III Spanish bird atlases (1998–2002 and 2014–2018), we observed a significant decline in its breeding range, with the species disappearing from 17 grid cells (11 in the Cantabrian Mountains and 6 in the Pyrenees). However, direct comparison between the atlases is problematic because 30 grid cells surveyed in the II atlas were not sampled in the III, potentially leading to an overestimated decline. While eBird data from 2014–2018 partially mitigated the perceived decline, the same 30 grid cells have remained unsampled, further complicating a definitive assessment of the species’ status. Cool summer temperatures and low humidity, as indicated by the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), were identified as the most influential environmental factors affecting the species' breeding distribution, based on distribution data from both the III atlas and eBird, analyzed through a presence-absence distribution model. Interpreting atlas data requires caution, particularly for species inhabiting remote or inaccessible areas. Alternative data sources, such as eBird, can support ongoing monitoring programs by providing additional insights into species distribution. However, even with eBird, certain hard-to-reach areas remain under-sampled, causing them to still be presumed unoccupied. Increasing monitoring efforts in these highly favourable but under-sampled regions is crucial to enhance conservation strategies for this declining alpine species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article e03620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The reduction in genetic quality of seeds resulting from self-pollination acts as a pivotal factor limiting the regeneration of the endangered plant Tetracentron sinense Oliv","authors":"Hongyan Han ,&nbsp;Yang Chen ,&nbsp;Zheng Yang ,&nbsp;Xuemei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yonghong Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Gan","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Tetracentron sinense</em> Oliv., an endangered relict species from the Eocene, primarily relies on self-pollination in nature. However, the impacts of self-pollination on seed quality, seedling viability, and population renewal remain unclear. In this study, we applied four pollination treatments (self-pollination, geitonogamy, xenogamy, and natural pollination) to the inflorescences of <em>T. sinense</em>. Subsequently, seeds from each treatment were collected and evaluated for their phenotypic characteristics and germination traits. We then conducted a five-month continuous monitoring of seedling survival, assessed their initial growth, and established a dynamic life table to track their development progress. Our findings revealed that self-pollinated <em>T. sinense</em> seeds exhibited inferior phenotypic traits, including decreased length, width, thickness, and 1000-grain weight, as well as lower germination rates and germination indices compared to seeds from the other pollination treatments. Furthermore, self-pollinated seedlings displayed shorter stems, smaller cotyledons, and reduced dry weights, but had longer taproots than cross-pollinated seedlings. They also showed lower survival rates and higher mortality rates than cross-pollinated seedlings. Analysis of the mortality density and hazard rate functions revealed a significant mortality peak and the highest failure risk at the two-month stage in <em>T. sinense</em> seedlings, indicating potential challenges during this period. In conclusion, our results indicate that self-pollination poses a significant threat to the survival of <em>T. sinense</em> by reducing seed genetic quality and seedling viability. Consequently, enhancing the genetic quality of <em>T. sinense</em> seeds through artificial cross-pollination could be a crucial strategy for promoting population renewal and supporting conservation efforts in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article e03627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life after death: Hidden diversity of orchids across European cemeteries","authors":"Jenő Nagy ,&nbsp;Viktor Löki ,&nbsp;Zoltán Vitál ,&nbsp;Krisztina Nótári ,&nbsp;S. James Reynolds ,&nbsp;Tamás Malkócs ,&nbsp;Réka Fekete ,&nbsp;Kristóf Süveges ,&nbsp;Ádám Lovas-Kiss ,&nbsp;Attila Takács ,&nbsp;András Balázs Lukács ,&nbsp;Attila Molnár V.","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Habitats sensitive to anthropogenic pressures are growing in conservation importance in the protection and perpetuation of rare animal and plant species. Although natural habitats sensitive to disturbance in urban areas have mostly declined in availability, patches offer conservation opportunities for wildlife that are fundamental to maintaining biodiversity. Human burial sites can contribute to this: they are more numerous and greater in extent in more urbanized areas, but their significance in the maintenance and promotion of biodiversity has not been considered across Europe and other continents. Because of their high sensitivity to even minor disturbance to natural habitats, orchid diversity is a key bioindicator of terrestrial ecosystem function. We evaluated orchid diversity in cemeteries of 13 European countries. Comprehensive field surveys of orchid flora in 2079 locations revealed that they occurred in every country visited and in high variability in both the number of taxa (n = 65) and individual plant counts (n = 44680). We propose that cemeteries are of major importance as refugia in conserving orchids in most of the visited European countries; however, one of the most urgent issues is to identify the many anthropogenic factors determining biodiversity of cemeteries, and to eliminate some newly emerged management practices in cemeteries that undermine biodiversity, including the orchid flora. Human burial grounds are therefore not just important in preserving the history of humankind; they are key in protecting biodiversity in this modern era of unprecedented anthropogenic changes to our terrestrial environments, especially as a result of rapid and unrelenting urbanization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article e03613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbivory and fire influence soil and plant nutrient dynamics in Chitwan National Park, Nepal","authors":"Amar Kunwar ,&nbsp;Uriel Gélin ,&nbsp;Naresh Subedi ,&nbsp;Sandeep Regmi ,&nbsp;Kyle W. Tomlinson","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of global biodiversity loss and climate change, understanding how herbivores and fire shape plant-soil nutrient dynamics across vegetation types has become a global priority. In tropical Asia, the combined effects of herbivore assemblages, fire regimes, and plant community diversity on nutrients remain poorly understood. We investigated how herbivory and fire influence soil nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and cation exchange capacity (CEC)) and plant nutrients (N, P, K), across five vegetation types - two forests (riverine, Shorea) and three grasslands (tall, short, grazing lawn) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Across 50 plots (400 m² each), we quantified mammalian herbivory pressure using dung counts, fire frequency using satellite data, and analyzed 150 soil and 187 plant samples for nutrient concentrations. Herbivore dung and fire frequency varied markedly across habitats: herbivores were largely absent from tall grasslands while present in all other vegetation types, whereas fires were rare in short grassland and grazing lawns but frequent in tall grassland and forests. Overall, forests had higher soil and plant nutrient concentrations than grasslands. Soil N, K, and CEC increased with increasing dung counts across vegetation types, whereas plant K decreased with increasing dung counts only in Shorea forests and grazing lawns. Soil P and CEC increased, while plant N, P and K decreased with increasing fire frequency across vegetation types. For the two forest types, interactions between dung and fire counts decreased soil P, plant N and plant P in riverine forest but had no effect in Shorea forest. These findings highlight the additive and interactive impacts of herbivory and fire on nutrient cycling, emphasizing the need to manage disturbance regimes to sustain soil fertility, habitat quality, and biodiversity resilience in tropical landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article e03610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grassland diversity across an aridity gradient in northern Sumatra is strongly associated with shifts in disturbance regimes","authors":"Adek Adi Putra ,&nbsp;Nurainas ,&nbsp;Waraporn Phoncharoen ,&nbsp;Ade Prasetyo Agung ,&nbsp;Yiran Zhao ,&nbsp;Kyle W. Tomlinson","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grassy vegetation is widely spread across Southeast Asia, yet very little data exists describing the diversity in these plant communities. Groundlayer diversity data is especially rare, with previous studies focussing on woody plants. Research in grassy ecosystems worldwide suggest that there are substantial differences in grassland community composition across climate aridity gradients, which are aligned with a switch from strong disturbance by fire in wetter sites to disturbance by mammalian herbivory in drier sites. The aim of this investigation was to record the groundlayer diversity of grasslands found in northern Sumatra Island, Indonesia, and to determine whether that diversity was structured fire and mammalian herbivory. We sampled ten 50 m x 50 m vegetation plots in grassy vegetation across an aridity gradient, with soil data and grazing pressure data collected on site, and climate and fire frequency data compiled from geographic resources. We classified all species according to two morphological characteristics that related to plant evolution under fire and herbivory, namely stem form and leaf placement. We recorded 89 groundlayer species across all plots, with an average of 29 species per plot. Our analysis confirmed that the strongest axis of community differentiation was with respect to the fire-grazing trade-off axis, which selected for specific adaptive stem and leaf placement morphologies. The groundlayer diversity of grasslands in northern Sumatra is closely related to other monsoonal regions of Southeast Asia, likely reflecting grassland connectivity during the last ice age. The abundance of disturbance-adapted species suggests appropriate use of fire and herbivory will be necessary to sustain these communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article e03619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of invasive plant species coverage on the occurrence of wild ungulates","authors":"Basudha Rawal ,&nbsp;Bharat Babu Shrestha ,&nbsp;Chandu Paneru ,&nbsp;Hari Prasad Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spread of invasive plant species (IPS) is widely recognized as one of the major threats to biodiversity. However, the impact of IPS on wildlife habitat utilization remains poorly understood. This study investigated the impact of IPS on the habitat utilization of wild ungulates in Parsa National Park (PNP) of Nepal. We used camera traps and sign survey methods to detect wild ungulates between December 2022 and October 2023. In each survey plot, we also recorded the occurrence and coverage of IPS, tree canopy cover, and the distances to the nearest settlement, road, and water source. Twenty IPS were recorded in the PNP during this study. Our results revealed that the barking deer were more prevalent at sites with lower IPS coverage (β = −0.065; p = 0.009), while the sambar deer were more prevalent at sies with higher IPS coverage (β = 0.053; p = 0.019) and at low tree canopy cover (β = −0.078; p = 0.008). The habitat use of barking deer was found to be higher closer to roads (β = −0.641; p = 0.004), while the sambar deer were found far from settlements (β = 0.953; p = 0.021). These results highlight the importance of managing wild ungulate habitats by controlling IPS in the PNP to conserve wild ungulate species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article e03623"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Before and beyond the pandemic: Dynamics of illegal marine wildlife trade in Southern China amidst policy shifts and enforcement efforts","authors":"Wuying Lin ,&nbsp;KuoRay Mao ,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the illegal marine wildlife trade in Southern China, focusing on sea turtles, giant clams, and corals, to assess enforcement challenges, market dynamics, and consumer behaviors. Adopting a multi-method approach, it incorporates a comprehensive policy and regulatory review spanning 1979–2022, along with market and consumer surveys conducted before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Standardized training protocols were used for data collection, including consumer questionnaires and stakeholder interviews with a diverse range of actors. Market surveys reveal a 17.06 % decrease in the number of shops selling marine wildlife products but a 32.72 % increase in items available for sale, suggesting a concentration of trade activity. Consumer data indicate that the majority of potential buyers were aged 23–30 (38.93 %) and 31–45 (24.83 %), with 60 % identifying as female. Stakeholder interviews identify distinct supply chain nodes facilitating illegal trade across the region. Despite policy reforms and intensified enforcement at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the study finds that marine species remain vulnerable due to fragmented regulations and inconsistent enforcement across jurisdictions. Sellers continue to exploit short-term, top-down enforcement gaps, maintaining illicit trade flows and meeting persistent consumer demand. The findings underscore the resilience of illegal trade networks and the inadequacy of reactive enforcement strategies. A multi-stakeholder approach—grounded in inter-agency coordination and civic engagement—is essential. Without sustained, community-driven enforcement mechanisms, policy efforts will remain ineffective, exacerbating illegal trade and accelerating biodiversity loss in China and the wider Global South.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54264,"journal":{"name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article e03622"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}